Enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency by the molecular modification effect derived from pollutant adsorption on highly crystalline BiOBr.

The adsorption of pollutants can not only promote the direct surface reaction, but also modify the catalyst itself to improve its photoelectric characteristics, which is rarely studied for water treatment with inorganic photocatalyst. A highly crystalline BiOBr (c-BiOBr) was synthesized by a two-step preparation process. Owing to the calcination, the highly crystalline enhanced the interface interaction between pollutant and c-BiOBr. The complex of organic pollutant and [Bi2O2]2+ could promote the active electron transfer from the adsorbed pollutant to c-BiOBr for the direct pollutant degradation by holes (h+). Moreover, the pollutant adsorption actually modified c-BiOBr and promoted more unpaired electrons, which would coupling with the photoexcitation to promote generate more O2•-. The molecular modification effect derived from pollutant adsorption significantly improved the removal of pollutants. This work strongly deepens the understanding of the molecular modification effect from the pollutant adsorption and develops a novel and efficient approach for water treatment.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MYB Transcription Factor Family in Response to Various Abiotic Stresses in Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.).

Abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, drought, and salinity significantly impact coconut production, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying coconut's response to these stresses are poorly understood. MYB proteins, a large and diverse family of transcription factors (TF), play crucial roles in plant responses to various abiotic stresses, but their genome-wide characterization and functional roles in coconut have not been comprehensively explored. This study identified 214 CnMYB genes (39 1R-MYB, 171 R2R3-MYB, 2 3R-MYB, and 2 4R-MYB) in the coconut genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are unevenly distributed across the 16 chromosomes, with conserved consensus sequences, motifs, and gene structures within the same subgroups. Synteny analysis indicated that segmental duplication primarily drove CnMYB evolution in coconut, with low nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios suggesting strong purifying selection. The gene ontology (GO) annotation of protein sequences provided insights into the biological functions of the CnMYB gene family. CnMYB47/70/83/119/186 and CnMYB2/45/85/158/195 were identified as homologous genes linked to nitrogen deficiency, drought, and salinity stress through BLAST, highlighting the key role of CnMYB genes in abiotic stress tolerance. Quantitative analysis of PCR showed 10 CnMYB genes in leaves and petioles and found that the expression of CnMYB45/47/70/83/85/119/186 was higher in 3-month-old than one-year-old coconut, whereas CnMYB2/158/195 was higher in one-year-old coconut. Moreover, the expression of CnMYB70, CnMYB2, and CnMYB2/158 was high under nitrogen deficiency, drought, and salinity stress, respectively. The predicted secondary and tertiary structures of three key CnMYB proteins involved in abiotic stress revealed distinct inter-proteomic features. The predicted interaction between CnMYB2/158 and Hsp70 supports its role in coconut's drought and salinity stress responses. These results expand our understanding of the relationships between the evolution and function of MYB genes, and provide valuable insights into the MYB gene family's role in abiotic stress in coconut.

Emerging Roles of Circular RNA in Macrophage Activation and Inflammatory Lung Responses.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA that forms a covalently closed continuous loop, unlike linear RNA. The expression of circRNAs in mammals is often conserved across species and shows tissue and cell specificity. Some circRNA serve as gene regulators. However, the biological function of most circRNAs is unclear. CircRNA does not have 5' or 3' ends. The unique structure of circRNAs provides them with a much longer half-life and more resistance to RNase R than linear RNAs. Inflammatory lung responses occur in the pathogenesis and recovery of many lung diseases. Macrophages form the first line of host defense/innate immune responses and initiate/mediate lung inflammation. For example, in bacterial pneumonia, upon pro-inflammatory activation, they release early response cytokines/chemokines that recruit neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to sites of infection and clear pathogens. The functional effects and mechanisms by which circRNAs exert physiological or pathological roles in macrophage activation and lung inflammation remain poorly understood. In this article, we will review the current understanding and progress of circRNA biogenesis, regulation, secretion, and degradation. Furthermore, we will review the current reports on the role of circRNAs in macrophage activation and polarization, as well as in the process of inflammatory lung responses.

Bimetallic clusterzymes-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica particle regulate arthritis microenvironment via ROS scavenging and YAP1 stabilization.

Clusterzymes are synthetic enzymes exhibiting substantial catalytic activity and selectivity, which are uniquely driven by single-atom constructs. A dramatic increase in antioxidant capacity, 158 times more than natural trolox, is noted when single-atom copper is incorporated into gold-based clusterzymes to form Au24Cu1. Considering the inflammatory and mildly acidic microenvironment characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA), pH-dependent dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) coupled with PEG have been employed as a delivery system for the spatial-temporal release of clusterzymes within active articular regions, thereby enhancing the duration of effectiveness. Nonetheless, achieving high therapeutic efficacy remains a significant challenge. Herein, we describe the construction of a Clusterzymes-DMSNs-PEG complex (CDP) which remarkably diminishes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stabilizes the chondroprotective protein YAP by inhibiting the Hippo pathway. In the rabbit ACLT (anterior cruciate ligament transection) model, the CDP complex demonstrated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity, preservation of type II collagen and aggregation protein secretion, thus prolonging the clusterzymes' protective influence on joint cartilage structure. Our research underscores the efficacy of the CDP complex in ROS-scavenging, enabled by the release of clusterzymes in response to an inflammatory and slightly acidic environment, leading to the obstruction of the Hippo pathway and downstream NF-κB signaling pathway. This study illuminates the design, composition, and use of DMSNs and clusterzymes in biomedicine, thus charting a promising course for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in alleviating OA.

Synthesis of Iron-Based Prussian Blue Analogues with Ultralong Cycle Performance in a Novel T-Shaped Collision Microreactor.

Iron based Prussian blue analogues (Fe-PBA) hold significant promise cathode materials for sodium ion batteries due to their low cost and desirable electrochemical properties. However, their practical application is often hindered by the presence of vacancy defects and issues of oxidation that arise during the material preparation process. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces an innovative T-shaped collision microreactor aimed at promoting a uniform concentration field, narrowing the gap between material mixing rate and reaction rate, and providing an oxygen-free environment for the synthesis of Fe-PBA. Employing this microreactor, Fe-PBAs were synthesized with a meticulous approach that led to a material possessing a well-defined morphology and a stoichiometry of Na1.54Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.93. The material exhibited a notable reduction in vacancy defects and minimized oxidation levels. Upon electrochemical evaluation, the Fe-PBA crafted within the microreactor demonstrated an impressive specific capacity of 94.1 mAh/g at a current density of 0.5 C and showcased a long-term cyclability with 72.6% capacity retention over 2000 cycles. Comparative analysis revealed that the structural and electrochemical properties of Fe-PBA prepared in the microreactor outperformed those of samples prepared using traditional reactors. This work provides a new approach for the continuous and stable fabrication of high-performance battery cathode materials.

[Research Progress in Examination Methods,Influencing Factors, and Drug Treatment of Vigilance].

Vigilance is a sensitive ability to respond to small changes in the environment and it is a major component of various cognitive performance tasks.Professionals in a variety of fields require high physical and vigilance performance during the working process to ensure productivity,workplace safety,and their own safety. This article reviews the research progress in vigilance in terms of the examination methods,influencing factors,and drug treatment in recent years,aiming to improve the understanding of vigilance and provide support for the research on vigilance and clinical treatment of vigilance-related dysfunctions.

Phylogenetic Analysis Based on Whole Genome Sequences, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Clinical Isolates from South Korea.

Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne disease and frequently causes human salmonellosis in South Korea. In this study, we investigated the genome diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica from South Korea. We collected 42 S. enterica subsp. enterica isolates from two hospitals in South Korea. Whole genome sequences were determined. Serovars and sequence types (STs) based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were identified from whole genome sequences. Phylogenetic trees based on whole genome sequences and a minimum spanning tree based on MLST were constructed. Human serum resistance assays and gentamicin protection assays were performed to assess in vitro virulence. Nineteen serovars were identified among 42 clinical isolates, including nine Salmonella Typhi isolates. There were inconsistencies between serogroups and phylogenetic clusters in the phylogenetic tree and minimum spanning tree, but high clonality of S. Typhi was observed. Salmonella Typhi isolates were divided into two clusters, corresponding to ST1 and ST2. Isolates of serovars Typhimurium and I4,[5],12:i:- clustered into a group, and a hybrid isolate between the two serovars was identified. Four ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were identified among nine S. Typhi isolates, and all isolates of S. Enteritidis and S. Panama were resistant to colistin. The gentamicin protection assay revealed that serogroup D1 was significantly less virulent than the other serogroups. Our study suggests high diversity of S. enterica clinical isolates from South Korea and non-monophyly of serogroups. In addition, subgroups of S. Typhi isolates and a hybrid isolate between serovars Typhimurium and I4,[5],12:i:- were identified.

Global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease, 1990-2021: Insights from the global burden of disease 2021.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise worldwide. We utilizes data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 to analyze the national-level burden of IBD, trends in disease incidence, and epidemiological characteristics. METHODS: Detailed information on IBD was gathered from 204 countries and territories spanning 1990 to 2021, sourced from the GBD 2021. Calculations were performed for incidence rates, mortality rates, disease-adjusted life years (DALYs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). These trends were analyzed based on region, nationality, age, gender, and World Bank income level stratifications. RESULTS: The global age-standardised incident rate (ASIR) of IBD increased from 4.22 per 100000 in 1990 to 4.45 per 100000 in 2021. However, the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) decreased from 0.60 per 100000 in 1990 to 0.52 per 100000 in 2021. Similarly, the age-standardised DALYs rate decreased from 21.55 per 100000 in 1990 to 18.07 per 100000 in 2021. Gender comparisons showed negligible differences in disease burden. The greatest increase in IBD-associated ASIR and ASMR occurred in World Bank upper-middle income region (EAPCs, 1.25) and World Bank high-income region (EAPCs, 1.00), respectively. Regionally, East Asia experienced the largest increase in ASIR (EAPCs, 2.89). Among 204 countries, China had the greatest increases in ASIR (EAPCs, 2.93), Netherlands had the highest ASMR in 2021 (2.21 per 100000). CONCLUSIONS: Global incidence rate of IBD have been increasing from 1990 to 2021, while the DALYs and mortality have been decreasing. The escalating incident rates in select Asian regions deserves further attention.

A high-cholesterol zebrafish diet promotes hypercholesterolemia and fasting-associated liver steatosis.

Zebrafish are an ideal model organism to study lipid metabolism and to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of human lipid-associated disorders. Unlike murine models, to which various standardized high lipid diets such as a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) are available, there has yet to be a uniformly adopted zebrasfish HCD protocol. In this study, we have developed an improved HCD protocol and thoroughly tested its impact on zebrafish lipid deposition and lipoprotein regulation in a dose- and time- dependent manner. The diet stability, reproducibility, and fish palatability were also validated. Fish fed HCD developed hypercholesterolemia as indicated by significantly elevated ApoB-containing lipoproteins (ApoB-LP) and increased plasma levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Feeding of the HCD to larvae for 8 days produced hepatic steatosis that become more stable and severer after 1 day of fasting and was associated with an opaque liver phenotype (dark under transmitted light). Unlike larvae, adult fish fed HCD for 14 days followed by a 3 day fast did not develop a stable fatty liver phenotype, though the fish had higher ApoB-LP levels in plasma and an up-regulated lipogenesis gene fasn in adipose tissue. In conclusion, our HCD zebrafish protocol represents an effective and reliable approach for studying the temporal characteristics of the physiological and biochemical responses to high levels of dietary cholesterol and provides insights into the mechanisms that may underlie fatty liver disease.

C2CDB: an advanced platform integrating comprehensive information and analysis tools of cancer-related circRNAs.

Motivation: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in gene expression and their involvement in tumorigenesis is emerging. circRNA-related database is a powerful tool for researchers to investigate circRNAs. However, existing databases lack advanced platform integrating comprehensive information and analysis tools of cancer-related circRNAs. Results: We developed a comprehensive platform called CircRNA to Cancer Database (C2CDB), encompassing 318 158 cancer-related circRNAs expressed in tumors and adjacent tissues across 30 types of cancers. C2CDB provides basic details such as sequence and expression levels of circRNAs, as well as crucial insights into biological mechanisms, including miRNA binding, RNA-binding protein interaction, coding potential, base modification, mutation, and secondary structure. Moreover, C2CDB collects an extensive compilation of published literature on cancer circRNAs, extracting and presenting pivotal content encompassing biological functions, underlying mechanisms, and molecular tools in these studies. Additionally, C2CDB offers integrated tools to analyse three potential mechanisms: circRNA-miRNA ceRNA interaction, circRNA encoding, and circRNA biogenesis, facilitating investigators with convenient access to highly reliable information. To enhance clarity and organization, C2CDB has meticulously curated and integrated the previously chaotic nomenclature of circRNAs, addressing the prevailing confusion and ambiguity surrounding their designations. Availability and implementation: C2CDB is freely available at http://pengyonglab.com/c2cdb.

Air-ventilated normothermic mechanical perfusion improves susceptibility to donation after circulatory death and cold preservation-induced cholestatic liver injury through PPAR-γ/UGT1A1 axis.

End-ischemic normothermic mechanical perfusion (NMP) could provide a curative treatment to reduce cholestatic liver injury from donation after circulatory death (DCD) in donors. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Our previous study demonstrated that air-ventilated NMP could improve functional recovery of DCD in a preclinical NMP rat model. Here, metabolomics analysis revealed that air-ventilated NMP alleviated DCD- and cold preservation-induced cholestatic liver injury, as shown by the elevated release of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the perfusate (p < .05) and the reduction in the levels of bile acid metabolites, including ω-muricholic acid, glycohyodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) in the perfused livers (p < .05). In addition, the expression of the key bile acid metabolism enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is predominantly expressed in hepatocytes, was substantially elevated in the DCD rat liver, followed by air-ventilated NMP (p < .05), and in vitro, this increase was induced by decreased GCDC and hypoxia-reoxygenation in the hepatic cells HepG2 and L02 (p < .05). Knockdown of UGT1A1 in hepatic cells by siRNA aggravated hepatic injury caused by GCDC and hypoxia-reoxygenation, as indicated by the ALT and AST levels in the supernatant. Mechanistically, UGT1A1 is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) under hypoxia-physoxia. Taken together, our data revealed that air-ventilated NMP could alleviate DCD- and cold preservation-induced cholestatic liver injury through PPAR-γ/UGT1A1 axis. Based on the results from this study, air-ventilated NMP confers a promising approach for predicting and alleviating cholestatic liver injury through PPAR-γ/UGT1A1 axis.

In vitro antibacterial activity of danofloxacin against Escherichia coli isolated from pigeons and its pharmacokinetic in pigeons.

This experiment aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of danofloxacin against Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from pigeons, as well as the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in pigeons following oral (PO), intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) administration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of danofloxacin was first determined for 38 clinical E. coli strains using the micro broth dilution method. Subsequently, 30 healthy pigeons were weighed and randomly divided into 3 groups: IM, IV, and PO, with 10 pigeons in each group. Danofloxacin was given at 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) through 3 different routes. Blood was collected, and plasma was separated at various time points from 0 to 48 h. Plasma samples were analyzed for danofloxacin concentrations using a validated HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using Phoenix software and a noncompartmental analytical (NCA) method. The results indicated that danofloxacin had a strong antibacterial effect on E. coli, with a MIC50 of 0.5 µg/mL. The noncompartmental analysis showed that after PO and IM administration at 5 mg/kg in pigeons, peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 0.61 and 1.62 µg/mL were reached at 4.5 and 0.53 h, respectively. The oral and intramuscular bioavailability (F) were 68.08% ± 24.82% and 87.82% ± 25.36%, respectively. Following IV administration, danofloxacin was widely distributed in pigeons, with volume of distribution (VZ) and volume of distribution at steady state (VSS) values of 6.11 ± 2.01 and 4.65 ± 1.62 L/kg, respectively, and was eliminated slowly, with an elimination half-life (t1/2λz) of 6.41 ± 2.15 h. Based on the calculated ratio values of AUC/MIC, the current IV, IM, and PO doses of 5 mg/kg of danofloxacin would be expected to effectively treat pigeons infected with E. coli strains with MIC values equal to or less than 0.5 µg/mL.

Dihydroartemisinin restores the immunogenicity and enhances the anticancer immunosurveillance of cisplatin by activating the PERK/eIF2α pathway.

BACKGROUND: Immunosurveillance is pivotal in the effectiveness of anticancer therapies and tumor control. The ineffectiveness of cisplatin in activating the immunosurveillance is attributed to its lack of adjuvanticity resulting from its inability to stimulate endoplasmic reticulum stress. Dihydroartemisinin demonstrates the anti-tumor effects through various mechanisms, including the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study aimed to develop a novel strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of dying tumor cells by combining cisplatin with dihydroartemisinin, thereby triggering effective anti-tumor immunosurveillance and improving the efficacy of cisplatin in clinical practice. METHODS: Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and CT26 colon cancer cell lines and subcutaneous tumor models were used in this study. The importance of immunosurveillance was validated in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse models. The ability of dihydroartemisinin and cisplatin therapy to induce immunogenic cell death and tumor growth control in vivo was validated by prophylactic tumor vaccination and therapeutic tumor models. The underlying mechanism was elucidated through the pharmaceutical or genetic intervention of the PERK/eIF2α pathway in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Dihydroartemisinin enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species in cisplatin-treated LLC and CT26 cancer cells. The combination treatment of dihydroartemisinin with cisplatin promoted cell death and ensured an optimal release of damage-associated molecular patterns from dying cancer cells, promoting the phagocytosis of dendritic cells. In the tumor vaccination model, we confirmed that dihydroartemisinin plus cisplatin treatment induced immunogenic cell death. Utilizing immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse models, we further demonstrated that the combination treatment suppressed the tumor growth of CT26 colon cancer and LLC lung cancer, leading to an improved prognosis through the restoration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and reinstatement of anti-cancer immunosurveillance in vivo. Mechanistically, dihydroartemisinin restored the immunogenicity of cisplatin by activating the adjuvanticity of damage-associated molecular patterns, such as calreticulin exposure, through the PERK/eIF2α pathway. Additionally, the inhibition of eIF2α phosphorylation attenuated the anti-tumor efficiency of C + D in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: We highlighted that dihydroartemisinin acts as an immunogenic cell death rescuer for cisplatin, activating anticancer immunosurveillance in a PERK/eIF2α-dependent manner and offering a strategy to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of cisplatin in clinical practice.

Foxm1-Mediated Transcriptional Inactivation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Promotes Immunosuppression in Cervical Cancer.

Foxm1 functions as an oncogene in multiple human malignancies, including cervical cancer. However, the potential of Foxm1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still unknown. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of Foxm1 in CD8+ T cell anti-tumor immunity. RT-qPCR is conducted to calculate mRNA levels. JASPAR is used to predict the binding sites between Foxm1 and NLRP3. ChIP assay is performed to verify the occupancy of Foxm1 on the promoter of NLRP3. Modulatory relationship between Foxm1 and NLRP3 is verified by luciferase assay. In vivo assays are conducted to further verify the role of Foxm1/NLRP3 axis in cervical cancer. HE staining assay is applied for histological analysis. Flow cytometry is conducted to determine the functions of immune cells. We found that Foxm1 knockdown decreases tumor burden and suppresses tumor growth of cervical cancer. Foxm1 knock-down promotes the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Foxm1 deficiency inhibits the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and facilitates the maintenance of CD8+ effector and stem-like T cells. Moreover, Foxm1 transcriptionally inactivates NLRP3 and suppresses the expression of innate cytokines IL-1ß and IL-18. However, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome or neutralizing IL-1ß and IL-18 inhibits anti-tumor immunity and promoted tumor growth in Foxm1 deficiency in CD8+ T cells. In summary, targeting Foxm1 mediates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulates CD8+ T cell anti-tumor immunity in cervical cancer.

Association between BMI and success of transaxillary venous port implantation: A retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: Totally implanted venous access device are widely used for long-term chemotherapy in cancer patients. Previous studies have only focused on the analysis of complications associated with infusion port implantation, ignoring the causes of unsuccessful infusion port implantation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and the success rate of transaxillary intravenous port implantation in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To review 361 breast cancer patients who underwent intravenous port implantation from January 2021 to September 2021. Baseline data, and surgical data were collected from the patients, and the success rate of puncture of the axillary vein was recorded. The logistic regression analysis and smoothed curve fitting were used to assess the relationship between BMI and the success rate of axillary venipuncture. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential interactions. RESULTS: Under ultrasound guidance, 67.3% of patients (243/361) had an infusion port implanted by axillary vein puncture. There was a roughly linear relationship between BMI and the success rate of axillary venipuncture. In the multiple regression equation, BMI was significantly and negatively associated with the success rate of axillary venipuncture (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.77-0.89; p < 0.001). Stratified analysis showed that the relationship between BMI and the success rate of axillary venipuncture was stable and unaffected by other variables. CONCLUSIONS: The higher the patient's BMI, the higher the chance of difficult axillary venipuncture or failed cannulation.

[Research Progress of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Extragastric Diseases].

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a common Gram-negative bacillus causing gastrointestinal infections.It mainly exists on the surface of gastric epithelial cells and in mucus and is associated with gastric ulcers,gastric cancer,and gastric mucosa-associated lymphomas.Studies have shown that Hp can induce or exacerbate certain extragastric diseases and is associated with the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019.It is hypothesized that Hp may be indirectly or directly involved in the occurrence and development of diseases by stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines or inducing cross-immune reactions.In addition,Hp can enter Candida to release toxins continuously and play a role in escaping the recognition of the host immune system and the bactericidal effect of drugs.This article reviews the research progress in Hp-associated extragastric diseases in recent years,aiming to draw the attention of clinical workers to Hp-associated extragastric diseases and enrich the knowledge about Hp infection for formulating countermeasures to avoid the aggravation or triggering of other diseases by Hp.

Hybrid Molecular Sieve-Based Interfacial Layer with Physical Confinement and Desolvation Effect for Dendrite-free Zinc Metal Anodes.

The side reactions and dendrite growth at the interface of Zn anodes greatly limit their practical applications in Zn metal batteries. Herein, we propose a hybrid molecular sieve-based interfacial layer (denoted as Z7M3) with a hierarchical porous structure for Zn metal anodes, which contains 70 vol % microporous ZSM-5 molecular sieves and 30 vol % mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieves. Through comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the mesopores (∼2.5 nm) of MCM-41 can limit the disordered diffusion of free water molecules and increase the wettability of the interfacial layer toward aqueous electrolytes. In addition, the micropores (∼0.56 nm) of ZSM-5 can optimize the Zn2+ solvation structures by reducing the bonded water molecules, which simultaneously decrease the constraint force of solvated water molecules to Zn2+ ions, thus promoting the penetrability and diffusion kinetics of Zn2+ ions in Z7M3. The synergetic effects from the hybrid molecular sieves maintain a constant Zn2+ concentration on the surface of the Zn electrode during Zn deposition, contributing to dendrite-free Zn anodes. Consequently, Z7M3-coated Zn electrodes achieved excellent cycling stability in both half and full cells.

Dynamic Spectral Metafabric with Unidirectional Moisture Transport Property for Personal Thermal Management.

Personal thermal management technology, which adjusts the heat exchange between the human body and the environment, can passively heat or cool the body to maintain a comfortable core temperature, thereby enhancing comfort and reducing energy consumption. However, most existing personal thermal management materials have static properties, such as fixed solar reflectance and infrared emissivity, which do not support real-time dynamic temperature regulation. Moreover, sweat accumulation on the skin surface, while contributing to temperature regulation, can significantly reduce comfort. This study constructs a unidirectional moisture-permeable intelligent thermal management fabric system to achieve superior thermal and moisture comfort in complex environments. The fabric incorporates thermochromic microcapsules into PAN nanofibers by using electrospinning technology for intelligent thermal management. Subsequent hydrophobic treatment of the fiber film surface imparts the fabric with unidirectional wetting properties. The nanofibrous structure provides intrinsic elasticity and breathability. In heating mode, the fabric's average sunlight reflectance is 42.1%, which increases to 82.2% in cooling mode, resulting in a reflectance difference of approximately 40%. The hydrophobic treatment endows the fabric with excellent moisture absorption and perspiration properties, demonstrated by a unidirectional moisture transport index of 696.63 and a perspiration evaporation rate of 5.88 mg/min. When the fabric temperature matches the ambient temperature, the photothermal conversion power difference of the Janus metafabric in two modes reaches 248.37 W m-2. Additionally, Janus metafabrics show the potential for temperature-responsive design and repeated writing applications. The outstanding wearability and dynamic spectral properties of these metafabrics open new pathways for sustainable energy, smart textiles, and thermal-moisture comfort applications.