Progress in role of silent information regulator 3 in improving idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction / 中国病理生理杂志

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology,with a rapid disease course,poor prognosis,and the absence of effective therapeutic drugs.Mitochondrial dys-function is one of the crucial causes of inducing IPF.Silent information regulator 3(SIRT3)can restore mitochondrial ho-meostasis by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress,repairing mitochondrial DNA damage,and ameliorating abnormal mitochondrial lipid metabolism.This paper summarizes the role and mechanism of SIRT3 in attenuating mitochondrial dys-function based on delineating the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and IPF,aiming to provide references for finding effective treatment methods for IPF.

Research advances in liver macrophages regulating malignant transformation of hepatic precancerous lesions / 临床肝胆病杂志

Liver macrophages are important immune cells in the liver， and they express proinflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors through polarization into M1 type and M2 type， respectively， thereby playing a role in regulating inflammatory damage response. The malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells is the core mechanism of the malignant progression of hepatic precancerous lesions， and its key factor is the continuous stimulation of inflammatory microenvironment， which is closely associated with M1/M2 macrophage polarization. This review mainly focuses on the association between macrophage polarization， chronic inflammation， and malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of hepatic precancerous lesions.

Two cleft palate simulators of Furlow double-opposing Z- palatoplasty: a comparative study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the porcine tongue for palatoplasty simulation compared to 3D-printed simulators and their surgical education role. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 senior cleft surgeons participated in a palatoplasty simulation-based workshop conducted using porcine tongue simulators and 3D-printed simulators. This workshop consisted of a didactic session followed by a hands-on simulation session. Each participant independently used both simulators to perform Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty, which was assessed and scored by senior cleft surgeons using a scoring system including organizational flexibility and ductility, anatomical design simulation, proper incision, proper suturing, and convenience of operation. A paired t test was used for data statistical analysis and a P value < 0.05 was regarded as a statistically significant difference. RESULTS: All senior cleft surgeons strongly agreed that the simulation-based workshop was a valuable learning experience, and both simulators were useful and easy to manipulate (P = 1.00). The results of this comparative study showed that a porcine tongue palatoplasty simulator had an effectively significant difference in terms of organizational flexibility and ductility (P = 0.04), and suturing was better than the 3D-printed palatoplasty simulator (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the simulators regarding anatomical design simulation (P = 0.76) and incision simulation (P = 0.65). CONCLUSION: Both porcine tongue simulator and 3D-printed simulator have their unique strengths in surgical education for palatoplasty. Thus, the combined use of a porcine tongue and a 3D-printed cleft palate simulators are efficient as an educational model to practice Furlow double-opposing Z- palatoplasty. The porcine tongue simulators are superior in terms of organizational flexibility, ductility, and suturing simulators, while with the 3D-printed simulator, various palatoplasty techniques can be repeatedly practiced with better-simulated face and oral cavity.

Clinical study of acupuncture of Zhukeyuanluo principle combined with Buzhong Yiqi Decoction for the patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of acupuncture of Zhukeyuanluo principle and Buzhong Yiqi Decoction on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 104 patients with OSAHS in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups according to random number table method, with 52 patients in each group. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) group was treated with Buzhong Yiqi Decoction on the basis of conventional western medicine treatment, and the acupuncture and medicine group was treated with the combination of primary and primary collaterals and acupoints. Both groups were treated continuously for 2 months. Epworth Lethargy Scale and Stanford Self-Rated Lethargy Scale (SSS) were used to assess the degree of lethargy. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. The hemoglobin, RBC and mean RBC volume levels were detected by automatic blood cell analyzer. apnea hypopnea index (AHI), apnea index (AI), hypopnea index (HI) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) were monitored by polysomnographic sleep monitor to evaluate the clinical effect. Results:The total effective rate was 94.2% (49/52) in the acupuncture group and 82.7% (43/52) in the TCM group, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=6.73, P=0.035). After treatment, the Epworth Lethargy Scale and SSS scores in the acupuncture and medicine group were significantly lower than those in the TCM group ( t=-8.19 and -5.48, respectively, P<0.01); AHI [(15.64±2.81) times/h vs. (19.82±3.05) times/h, t=-7.27], HI [(5.53±1.28) times/h vs. (7.37±1.34) times/h, t=-7.16], AI [(8.13±1.95) times/h vs. (10.98±2.26) times/h, t=-6.89] in the acupuncture and medicine group were significantly lower than those in the TCM group ( P<0.01), SaO 2 [(92.77±2.91) % vs. (89.53±2.44) %, t=6.15] in the acupuncture and medicine group was significantly higher than that of the TCM group ( P<0.01). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in serum in the acupuncture and medicine group were significantly lower than those in the TCM group ( t=-2.62, -3.14 and -6.58, P<0.01). The levels of hemoglobin, RBC and mean red blood cell volume were in the acupuncture and medicine group were significantly lower than those in the TCM group ( t=-2.11, -2.92, -2.48, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:The acupuncture of Zhukeyuanluo principle combined with Buzhong Yiqi Decoction can reduce the serum inflammatory cytokines level in OSAHS patients, increase SaO 2, reduce AHI, HI, AI and lethargy degree, and improve clinical effects.

Evaluation of functional tricuspid regurgitant valves and right heart structural and functional changes by four-dimensional auto quantitative techniques / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the tricuspid valve, right heart anatomical characteristics and related dynamic parameters in patients with different degrees of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) using four-dimensional auto tricuspid valve quantitative(4D Auto TVQ), four-dimensional auto right ventricle quantitative(4D Auto RVQ), and four-dimensional auto left atrium quantitative(4D Auto LAQ), and to investigate the structural and functional changes of the tricuspid valve and right heart in them.Methods:Sixty-three patients with FTR diagnosed by echocardiography at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from February to July 2022 were prospectively selected as the case group, including 30 patients with mild FTR and 33 patients with moderate or above FTR, and 30 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Transthoracic echocardiography was used for two-dimensional and three-dimensional image acquisition of the heart. The tricuspid regurgitation volume, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular global strain (RVGS) were measured by 2D images, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were measured from the tricuspid regurgitation pressure difference. The 3D images were imported into EchoPAC 204 to obtain the tricuspid valve, right heart structure and related dynamic parameters. The annulus area (AA), annulus perimeter(AP), spherical index (SI), annulus area change fraction (AC), coaptation point height (CPH), and tenting volume (TV) were measured by 4D Auto TVQ. The right atrial maximum volume (RAVmax) and right atrial minimum volume (RAVmin) were measured by 4D Auto LAQ. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV), right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were measured by 4D Auto RVQ. After standardizing the dimension parameters with body surface area (BSA), the differences in the above parameters were compared between the three groups, the correlation between regurgitant volume and each parameter was compared by correlation analysis, and the independent factors of increased tricuspid regurgitant volume were investigated by univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis.Results:There were statistically significant differences in PASP, AA/BSA, AP/BSA, AC, TV, RAVmax/BSA, RAVmin/BSA, RVFAC, RVGS, and TAPSE between the three groups (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in LVEF, CPH, RVEDV/BSA, and RVESV/BSA in the moderate and above FTR group compared with the control and mild FTR groups (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that RAVmin was the most highly correlated with tricuspid regurgitant volume ( r=0.875, P<0.001) and TV and end-systolic annulus area(ESAA) were highly correlated with tricuspid regurgitant volume ( r=0.747, 0.683; both P<0.001) in patients with FTR. Multifactorial linear regression showed that RAVmin, TV and regurgitant volume were independently positively correlated (β=0.721, 0.205; both P<0.05). Conclusions:The four quantification technique can provide valid structural and functional information by quantifying the tricuspid valve as well as the right heart in patients with FTR, and RAVmin and TV are independent correlates of increased tricuspid regurgitant volume.

Research Progress of Macropinocytosis in Digestive System Tumors / 肿瘤防治研究

Macropinocytosis, an evolutionarily conserved, actin-dependent form of endocytosis, is involved in various physiological processes, including nutrient absorption, antigen presentation, and cell signaling transduction and migration. Oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation induce macropinocytosis in tumors in the digestive system, involved in tumorigenesis and progression, whereas the inhibition of macropinocytosis slows the aggressive phenotype of digestive system tumors and improves the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs. Macropinocytosis can also be used as a delivery route for anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, macropinocytosis has been widely studied to develop new methods for the treatment of digestive system tumors.This paper reviews the role of macropinocytosis in the body, the regulation of macropinocytosis-related signaling pathway, as well as the mechanism of macropinocytosis in colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, liver cancer and other digestive system tumors, to provide reference for related researches.

Mechanism and Role of circRNA in Occurrence and Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 肿瘤防治研究

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common pathological type of primary liver cancer, with high fatality rate. The pathogenesis of HCC is complex, and the specific occurrence and development mechanism is still in the exploratory stage. CircRNA is a special endogenous noncoding RNA and mainly participates in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. By regulating gene transcription, it acts as a molecular sponge of miRNA, participates in protein translation, and interacts with RNA binding protein (RBP). CircRNA is involved in the occurrence and development of HCC. Its abnormal expression in HCC cells is related to the pathological characteristics of HCC tissue, regulates the expression of downstream target genes, miRNA and proteins, participates in the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of HCC cells, and regulates tumor microenvironment and signal pathways, suggesting that circRNA may be a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. This paper reviews the biological mechanism of circRNA, its role in HCC, and research progress in diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of Yipi Yanggan prescription on malignant transformation of liver stem cells in rats with liver precancerous lesion and its mechanism of action / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Yipi Yanggan prescription on the malignant transformation of liver stem cells in liver precancerous lesion induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods A total of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (blank group), DEN model group (model group), DEN+Yipi Yanggan prescription group (Yipi Yanggan prescription group), and DEN+Hugan tablet group (Hugan tablet group), with 5 rats in the blank group and 10 rats in the other three groups. Intraperitoneal injection of DEN was performed to establish a model of liver precancerous lesion, the rats were sacrificed after 16 weeks of administration. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin (Alb) were measured; liver tissue was collected to observe the changes in size and appearance and calculate liver weight ratio (liver index); HE staining and Sirius Red staining were used to observe the pathological and morphological changes of rat liver tissue; immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of OV6 and glutathione S-transferase-Pi (GST-Pi); RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of EpCAM, CD133, and CD90, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR and their phosphorylation level. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the model group, the Yipi Yanggan prescription group and the Hugan tablet group had significant improvements in liver pathology and morphology, significant reductions in liver index and the levels of ALT and AST, and a significant increase in the level of Alb (all P < 0.05), as well as significant reductions in the protein expression levels of GST-Pi, OV6, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR and the mRNA expression levels of EpCAM, CD133, and CD90 (all P < 0.05). Compared with the Hugan tablet group, the Yipi Yanggan prescription group showed a more significant protective effect on the liver, with significant reductions in liver index and the levels of ALT and AST, and a significant increase in the level of Alb (all P < 0.05), as well as significant reductions in the protein expression levels of GST-Pi, OV6, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR and the mRNA expression levels of EpCAM, CD133, and CD90 (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Yipi Yanggan prescription can improve liver precancerous lesion induced by DEN in rats by inhibiting the malignant transformation of liver stem cells, and its mechanism of action may be associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Flipped classroom applied in orthodontic cephalometric laboratory training / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To compare the teaching effect of flipped classroom approach versus traditional lecture-based approach on the laboratory training course of Orthodontics cephalometric analysis for dental undergraduates. Methods:A total of 60 dental undergraduates who participated in the undergraduate course of Orthodontics were included in the study and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 students in each group. Flipped classroom approach was performed in the experimental group, while traditional lecture-based approach was used in the control group. Students' recognition towards teaching excellence, theoretical and laboratory performances, and their understanding and application of the key points in orthodontic cephalometric analysis were evaluated. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:Compared with the control group, students in experimental group gave more favorable rating in learning experience, had better learning motivation and more confidence in understanding and mastering the key points of orthodontic cephalometric analysis, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Besides, they also presented better theoretical and laboratory performances and superior mastery of the key points in the post-class quiz, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Flipped classroom is a promising approach to improve the teaching effect of cephalometric analysis of Orthodontics.

Advances in the role of microRNA in the intervention of malignant transformation of precancerous lesions of the liver by regulating the activation of hepatic stellate cells / 临床肝胆病杂志

The development and progression of liver cancer have the stages of hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, precancerous lesion, and liver cancer, among which the malignant transformation of precancerous lesions of liver cancer is closely associated with the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). By describing the activation of HSC, the generation of precancerous cells of liver cancer, the formation of inflammatory fibrotic microenvironment, and the association between HSC activation and precancerous lesion, this article points out that microRNAs can affect the malignant transformation of precancerous lesion of liver cancer by regulating the expression of related target genes and HSC activation, and the research in this field is expected to provide new ideas and targets for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.

Role of liver X receptor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

Excessive lipid deposition, liver injury, and insulin resistance are hallmarks in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver X receptor (LXR) is a transcriptional regulator, and its two cell subtypes, LXRα and LXRβ, play a key role in regulating cholesterol metabolism, inducing anti-inflammation, and reducing insulin resistance. This article reviews the structure and function of LXR and its association with the pathogenesis of NAFLD, in order to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

Regulatory effect of mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy in liver injury / 临床肝胆病杂志

Autophagy can regulate liver physiology and balance liver metabolism. Autophagy activation has a double-sided and complex effect on liver injury, and it is regulated by many factors and is associated with many protein pathways. This article summarizes the role of mTOR in the regulation of autophagy, which can inhibit or enhance autophagy through the PI3K/Akt upstream signaling pathway and participate in the physiological and pathological changes of related liver diseases. Therefore, this article reviews the research advances in the mTOR/PI3K/Akt autophagy pathway in liver injury, in order to provide new therapeutic targets for related liver diseases.

Research advances in the mechanism of action of intestinal microecology in intrahepatic cholestasis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) is a dysfunction of bile production, secretion, and excretion caused by various factors including genetics, immunity, inflammation, stones, and tumors, and therefore, the bile is not normally discharged into the duodenum and reversely flows into blood, which causes a series of clinical diseases with organic damage, metabolic disorders, and dysfunction. In recent years, with the deepening of clinical and basic research, intestinal microecology is found to play an important role in the development and progression of liver diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of action of intestinal microecology and inflammatory factors in intrahepatic cholestasis and explores the research advances in the role of probiotics in regulating intestinal flora stability and improving intestinal microenvironment, so as to provide a basis for clinical treatment, scientific research, and drug research and development.

Construction and functional enrichment analysis of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for liver cancer based on high-throughput sequencing / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo construct a protein interaction network based on high-throughput sequencing data of liver cancer-related non-coding RNAs, to perform a functional enrichment analysis, and to screen out circular RNAs (circRNAs) participating in the development and progression of liver cancer via the mechanism of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). MethodsThe circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed using gene expression omnibus (GEO) data based on the ceRNA theory. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses were performed to identify circRNAs with potential ceRNA function and explore their functions. ResultsA total of 9 co-expressed circRNAs, 20 co-expressed miRNAs, and 153 co-expressed mRNAs were screened out from the GEO database, and the liver cancer-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was successfully constructed. The GO analysis revealed 90 biological processes, which mainly involved 12 functional clusters including hepatocyte differentiation, phase-change regulation of cell cycle, and negative regulation of transcription factor activity. The KEGG analysis showed that the co-expressed circRNAs were also involved in the p53 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. ConclusionThis study provides new insights for circRNAs mediating the development and progression of liver cancer through the mechanism of ceRNA.

Progress in the study of macrophage activation and ulcerative colitis from the Notch/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Ulcerative colitis is an intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain and purulent stool. Uncontrolled inflammation caused by macrophage hyper-activation is an important cause of ulcerative colitis. Therefore, inhibiting macrophage hyper-activation is an effective way to treat ulcerative colitis. Notch signaling pathway is involved in regulating the immune response of macrophages and promoting inflammation. NF-κB signaling pathway is the "star pathway" involved in inflammation. NLRP3 inflammatory body is involved in the activation of macrophages. Notch, NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammatory bodies constitute the upstream and downstream signal pathways in the existing immune inflammatory diseases. Notch signal pathway can regulate the activation of macrophage via NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory body signaling pathway.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress in regulation of hepatic fibrosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Hepatic fibrosis is the process of fiber formation and inflammation caused by chronic liver injury, and is a common pathological process of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. The prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis can effectively control the incidence of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is a kind of subcellular organelle pathological process that causes the disruption of ion balance in endoplasmic reticulum or the obstacle of protein processing and transportation. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the occurrence, development and reversal of liver fibrosis. This article reviews the regulatory role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver fibrosis.

[Velopharyngeal closure pattern and speech performance among submucous cleft palate patients].

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the velopharyngeal closure patterns and speech performance among submucous cleft palate patients. METHODS: Patients with submucous cleft palate visiting the Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University between 2008 and 2016 were reviewed. Outcomes of subjective speech evaluation including velopharyngeal function, consonant articulation, and objective nasopharyngeal endoscopy including the mobility of soft palate, pharyngeal walls were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 353 cases were retrieved in this study, among which 138 (39.09%) demonstrated velopharyngeal competence, 176 (49.86%) velopharyngeal incompetence, and 39 (11.05%) marginal velopharyngeal incompetence. A total of 268 cases were subjected to nasopharyngeal endoscopy examination, where 167 (62.31%) demonstrated circular closure pattern, 89 (33.21%) coronal pattern, and 12 (4.48%) sagittal pattern. Passavant's ridge existed in 45.51% (76/167) patients with circular closure and 13.48% (12/89) patients with coronal closure. Among the 353 patients included in this study, 137 (38.81%) presented normal articulation, 124 (35.13%) consonant elimination, 51 (14.45%) compensatory articulation, 36 (10.20%) consonant weakening, 25 (7.08%) consonant replacement, and 36 (10.20%) multiple articulation errors. CONCLUSIONS: Circular closure was the most prevalent velopharyngeal closure pattern among patients with submucous cleft palate, and high-pressure consonant deletion was the most common articulation abnormality. Articulation error occurred more frequently among patients with a low velopharyngeal closure rate.

Increased gastroesophageal junctioncompliance in patients with non-erosive reflux disease / 基础医学与临床

Objective To explore the biomechanical mechanism of non-erosive reflux disease(NERD).MethodsFrom October 4,2014 to September 30,2015,17 NERD patients and 17 healthy controls were recruited from the outpatients department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital.The cross-sectional area(CSA), intra-balloon pressure (IBP)and compliance(Δv/Δp)of each were measured by endoscopy in combination with EndoFlip.ResultsWith the increase of balloon volume,the compliance of gastroesophageal junction in NERD group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.01) while the cross sectional area and intra-balloon pressure were similar.Conclusions Increased compliance of the gastroesophageal junction may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-erosive reflux disease.

[Morphological classification and velopharyngeal function analysis of submucous cleft palate patients].

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the accuracy in diagnosis and management of submucous cleft palate via a thorough analysis of its anatomical and functional details. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-six submucous cleft palate cases from 2008 to 2014 were retrospectively investigated. Subgroup analysis were performed on the basis of preoperative velopharyngeal function, palatal morphology, cleft lip concurrence, and patient motives for treatment. RESULTS: Among the included cases, 96 (34.78%) were presented as velopharyngeal competence (VPC), 151 (54.71%) as velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), and 29 (10.51%) as marginal VPI (MVPI). Eighty cases (28.99%) also demonstrated cleft lip deformity, and 196 cases (71.01%) were merely submucous cleft palate. Compared with patients with submucous cleft palate only, those with cleft lips exhibited higher rates of complete velopharyngeal closure. The pathological spectrum of submucous cleft palate varied significantly. Only 103 (37.32%) cases met all the three diagnostic criteria proposed by Calnan. CONCLUSIONS: Given that the velopharyngeal closure rate varies among the subgroups, the factors analyzed in this study should be considered in the personalized manage-ment of submucous cleft palate.