RESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar os dez medicamentos mais demandados judicialmente no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e investigar a evolução dos gastos, de 2010 a 2019, com a judicialização de medicamentos, comparando os dados com a implementação das políticas públicas de medicamentos no Brasil nesse período. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, retrospectivo, utilizando dados de relatórios do sistema de Administração de Medicamentos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do RS e dados públicos do Portal da Transparência do RS. Resultados: destacam-se na lista dos medicamentos mais judicializados o brometo de tiotrópio 2,5 mcg, que apareceu em todos os anos na primeira posição, desde 2011; citalopram 20 mg, venlafaxina 75 mg e duloxetina 60 mg foram os antidepressivos mais demandados, além de sulfato de glicosamina 500 mg em associação com condroitina 400 mg e rivaroxabana 20 mg. Os antineoplásicos foram os responsáveis pelo maior impacto no orçamento do estado. Entre 2010 e 2019, o RS aumentou o gasto em 773,1% com a judicialização de medicamentos. Conclusão: o fenômeno da judicialização de medicamentos no RS demonstrou um crescimento considerável no período em estudo e a adoção de políticas públicas de assistência farmacêutica não demonstrou ter influenciado o acesso a medicamentos por meio da judicialização.
Objective: identify the ten most legally demanded medicines in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and study the evolution of expenditures related to the judicialization of medicines from 2010 to 2019, comparing the data with the implementation of public policies on medicines in Brazil during this period. Methods: this is a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study using data from reports of the Medicines Management System of the Health Office and public data from the Transparency Portal, both from the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Results: tiotropium bromide 2.5 mcg topped the list of most frequently court-ordered medications and has topped this list every year since 2011. Citalopram 20 mg, venlafaxine 75 mg, and duloxetine 60 mg were the most frequently requested antidepressants, as were glucosamine sulfate 500 mg in association with chondroitin 400 mg, and rivaroxaban 20 mg. Antineoplastics were responsible for the largest state budget impact. Between 2010 and 2019, the State of Rio Grande do Sul's expenditures increased by 773.1% due to the judicialization of pharmaceuticals. Conclusion: the phenomenon of judicialization of medicines in the State of Rio Grande do Sul has experienced significant growth during the period studied, and the adoption of public policies of pharmaceutical support does not seem to have affected access to medicines through judicialization.
Objetivo: identificar las diez drogas más demandadas legalmente en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e investigar la evolución de los gastos, de 2010 a 2019, con la judicialización de las drogas, comparando los datos con la implementación de políticas públicas de drogas en Brasil en este periodo. Metodología: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, utilizando datos de informes del sistema de Administración de Medicamentos de la Secretaría de Estado de Salud de Rio Grande do Sul y datos públicos del Portal de Transparencia de Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: el bromuro de tiotropio 2,5 mcg destaca en la lista de las drogas más judicializadas, que aparece en la primera posición todos los años desde 2011; citalopram 20 mg, venlafaxina 75 mg y duloxetina 60 mg fueron los antidepresivos más demandados, además de sulfato de glucosamina 500 mg en associación con condroitina 400 mg y rivaroxabán 20 mg. Los antineoplásicos fueron los responsables del mayor impacto en el presupuesto estatal. Entre 2010 y 2019, el estado de Rio Grande do Sul aumentó el gasto en un 773,1% con la judicialización de medicamentos. Conclusión: el fenómeno de la judicialización de medicamentos en Rio Grande do Sul mostró un crecimiento considerable en el período de estudio y la adopción de políticas públicas para la asistencia farmacéutica no pareció haber influido en el acceso a los medicamentos a través de la judicialización.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study investigated putative correlations among behavioral changes and: (1) neuronal loss, (2) hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting, and (3) reactive astrogliosis in adult rats submitted to early-life LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). METHODS: Rats (P15) received LiCl (3 mEq/kg, i.p.) 12-18 h prior pilocarpine (60 mg/kg; s.c.). At adulthood, animals were submitted to behavioral tasks and after the completion of tasks biochemical and histological analysis were performed. RESULTS: In SE group, it was observed an increased number of degenerating neurons in the CA1 subfield and in the hilus of animals 24 h after SE. At adulthood, SE group presented an aversive memory deficit in an inhibitory avoidance task and the animals that presented lower latency to the step down showed a higher score for mossy fiber sprouting. In the light-dark exploration task, SE rats returned less and spent less time in the light compartment and present an increased number of risk assessment behavior (RA). There was a negative correlation between the time spent in the light compartment and the score for mossy fiber sprouting and a positive correlation between score for mossy fiber sprouting and number of RA. LiCl-pilocarpine-treated animals showed higher levels of S100B immunocontent in the CSF as well as a positive correlation between the score for sprouting and the GFAP immunocontent in the CA1 subfield, suggesting an astrocytic response to neuronal injury. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that LiCl-pilocarpine-induced SE during development produced long-lasting behavioral abnormalities, which might be associated with mossy fiber sprouting and elevated CSF S100B levels at adulthood.