RESUMEN
Toxoplasma gondii crosses the intestinal barrier to spread into the body. We investigate the intestinal wall and epithelial cells of the duodenum of rats infected with T. gondii during different time points of acute infection. Male Wistar rats, 60 days of age, were assigned into groups that were orally inoculated with 5000 sporulated oocysts T. gondii for 6 h (G6), 12 h (G12), 24 h (G24), 48 h (G48), 72 h (G72), 7 days (G7d), and 10 days (G10d). The control group (CG) received saline. The rats were killed and the duodenum was processed to obtain histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff, and Alcian blue (pH 2.5 and 1.0). Morphometry was performed on the layers of the intestinal wall and enterocytes, and the number of goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes was counted. The data were compared by ANOVA considering 5% as level of significance. The infection provoked an increase in the width of villi and crypts; decrease in enterocyte height; increase in the smaller-diameter and reduction in the larger-diameter of the enterocytes nuclei, increased number of goblet cells secreting neutral (G6, G12 and G7d) and acidic (G7d and G10d) mucus, and increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (G48). The infected groups showed atrophy of the submucosa and muscular layers and the total wall. Acute infection with T. gondii caused morphological changes in the intestinal wall and epithelial cells of the duodenum in rats.
Asunto(s)
Duodeno/patología , Duodeno/parasitología , Toxoplasma/fisiología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Recuento de Células , Enterocitos/patología , Células Caliciformes/citología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Mucosa Intestinal/citología , Mucosa Intestinal/parasitología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Cinética , Linfocitos/citología , Masculino , Microvellosidades/patología , Microvellosidades/ultraestructura , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasma/patogenicidad , Toxoplasmosis Animal/patologíaRESUMEN
The effects of a 4%-protein diet in adult rats with respect to the morphometric aspects of the myenteric plexus in the ileum were assessed. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (n = 10), which received 26%-protein chow, and Experimental Group (n = 10), which received 4%-protein chow for 90 days. Neurons in the myenteric plexus in the ileum in whole mount were evidenced through Giemsa and NADH-diaphorase techniques. The overall neuronal population as well as the subpopulation positive for NADH diaphorase presented atrophy, with a reduction of the perikaryon, nucleus and cytoplasm.
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da oferta de uma dieta contendo 4% de proteínas para ratos adultos, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos do plexo mientérico do íleo. Vinte animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Controle (n = 10) que receberam ração comercial com 26% de proteína e Experimental (n = 10) alimentados com ração com teor proteico reduzido para 4%, durante 90 dias. Neurônios do plexo mientérico do íleo presentes em preparados totais foram evidenciados por intermédio da técnica de Giemsa e da NADH-diaforase. Tanto a população neuronal total, assim como a subpopulação NADH-diaforase positiva sofreram atrofia com redução da área do pericário, do núcleo e do citoplasma.
RESUMEN
The effects of a 4%-protein diet in adult rats with respect to the morphometric aspects of the myenteric plexus in the ileum were assessed. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (n = 10), which received 26%-protein chow, and Experimental Group (n = 10), which received 4%-protein chow for 90 days. Neurons in the myenteric plexus in the ileum in whole mount were evidenced through Giemsa and NADH-diaphorase techniques. The overall neuronal population as well as the subpopulation positive for NADH diaphorase presented atrophy, with a reduction of the perikaryon, nucleus and cytoplasm.
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da oferta de uma dieta contendo 4% de proteínas para ratos adultos, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos do plexo mientérico do íleo. Vinte animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Controle (n = 10) que receberam ração comercial com 26% de proteína e Experimental (n = 10) alimentados com ração com teor proteico reduzido para 4%, durante 90 dias. Neurônios do plexo mientérico do íleo presentes em preparados totais foram evidenciados por intermédio da técnica de Giemsa e da NADH-diaforase. Tanto a população neuronal total, assim como a subpopulação NADH-diaforase positiva sofreram atrofia com redução da área do pericário, do núcleo e do citoplasma.
RESUMEN
This paper analyzes the effects of the infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii on the cat duodenal wall. Six cats (Felis catus) with 3-month-old were randomly divided into Control Group (G1; n = 3) and Infected Group (G2; n = 3). The animals from G2 received orarilly 200 T. gondii tissye cysts of ME49-strain (type II). After 40 days, the animals were submitted to euthanasia, laparotomy and had their duodenum removed, fixed in Bouin solution and submitted to histological routine obtaining 3 µm transverse cuts. The cuts were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Azan, Periodic acid - Schiff (PAS), Alcian-Blue, and Mallory trichrome. Qualitative assessment of the intestine wall as well as comparative measurements with respect to the thickness of mucosa, muscle tunic, total wall, the height of the villous, the depth of the crypts, and the height of the enterocytes and their nuclei were carried out. Calciform cells, the intraepithelial lymphocytes, and the Paneth cells were quantified. The results showed that the infection led to the atrophy of the mucosa, muscle tunic, and the intestinal wall of the duodenum of G2 cats (p 0.05). The enterocytes height presented significant (p 0.05) increase for G2 animals. According to the qualitative analysis, the collagen fibers were visibly taken a broader area on the intestinal wall layers, what suggests they have increased in size. Decrease in the sulphomucins secretion and the increase of Paneth cells were observed for these animals (p 0.05).
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da infecção causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii sobre a parede do duodeno de gatos. Foram utilizados seis gatos (Felis catus), com cerca de três meses de vida, distribuídos aleatoriamente em Grupo controle (G1; n = 3) e Grupo infectado (G2; n = 3). Os animais do G2 receberam, por via oral, 200 cistos teciduais da cepa ME49 (tipo II) do T. gondii. Após 40 dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, laparotomia e retirada do duodeno, que foi fixado em solução de Bouin e submetido à rotina histológica para obtenção de cortes transversais de 3 µm. Os cortes foram corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), Azan, Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS), Alcian-Blue e Tricrômio de Mallory. Realizou-se uma avaliação qualitativa da parede intestinal e medidas comparativas entre os dois grupos, com relação: à espessura da túnica mucosa, túnica muscular, parede total, altura dos vilos, profundidade das criptas e altura dos enterócitos e seus núcleos. As células caliciformes, os linfócitos intraepiteliais e as células de Paneth foram quantificados. Os resultados mostraram que a infecção levou à atrofia da túnica mucosa, túnica muscular e parede intestinal do duodeno de gatos do G2 (p 0,05). A altura dos enterócitos apresentou um aumento significativo (p 0,05) nos animais do G2. Na avaliação qualitativa, as fibras colágenas ocupavam visivelmente uma maior área dos estratos da parede intestinal, o que sugere que estejam aumentadas. Observou-se a redução da secreção de sulfomucinas e o aumento das células de Paneth nesses mesmos animais (p 0,05).
RESUMEN
This paper verified possible alterations caused by a genotype II Toxoplasma gondii strain with respect to the total number and morphometry of the myenteric neurons in the terminal ileum and descending colon of rats. Eight rats were divided into two groups: control (n = 4) and experimental (n = 4). This group was inoculated orally with 20 tissue cysts of T. gondii from a genotype II strain (ME-49). Whole mounted from the terminal ileum and the descending colon were stained with Giemsa. There was not any neuronal loss on both organs. The neurons became hypertrophied in the terminal ileum, whereas morphometric alterations were not observed for the neurons in the descending colon.
This paper verified possible alterations caused by a genotype II Toxoplasma gondii strain with respect to the total number and morphometry of the myenteric neurons in the terminal ileum and descending colon of rats. Eight rats were divided into two groups: control (n = 4) and experimental (n = 4). This group was inoculated orally with 20 tissue cysts of T. gondii from a genotype II strain (ME-49). Whole mounted from the terminal ileum and the descending colon were stained with Giemsa. There was not any neuronal loss on both organs. The neurons became hypertrophied in the terminal ileum, whereas morphometric alterations were not observed for the neurons in the descending colon.
RESUMEN
The effects of toxoplasmosis on the intestinal wall morphometry and the dynamic of mucins secreted in the chicken ileum were analyzed. Sixteen 26-day-old, male, Cobb broiler chicks (Gallus gallus) were used and randomly divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3). G1 received no inoculum characterizing the control group, G2 was inoculated with tissue cysts of ME49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii, and G3 was inoculated with oocytes of M7741 strain of T. gondii. After 60 days of inoculation, the animals were killed and had their ileum collected and submitted to histological processing. Tranversal cuts (4mm) were stained with Hematoxilin-Eosine (HE), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1.0. Intestinal wall increase was noticed for the animals from G2 - mostly the muscle tunic, the muscularis mucosae, and the mucous tunic, including the increase of secretion of neutral mucins. The animals from G3 presented atrophy of the intestinal wall - mostly the mucous tunic, and increase of the secretion of neutral mucins.
Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos da toxoplasmose sobre a morfometria da parede intestinal e a dinâmica de mucinas secretadas no íleo de frangos. Foram utilizados 16 frangos de corte machos (Gallus gallus) da linhagem Cobb, com 26 dias de idade. As aves foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos (G1, G2 e G3). O G1 não recebeu nenhum inóculo caracterizando o grupo controle, o G2 foi inoculado com cistos teciduais da cepa ME49 de Toxoplasma gondii, e o G3 foi inoculado com oocistos da cepa M7741 de T. gondii. Após 60 dias da inoculação, os animais foram mortos, e coletou-se o íleo, o qual foi submetido à rotina de processamento histológico. Cortes transversais de 4mm foram corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue pH 2,5 e Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1,0. Nos animais do G2, observou-se aumento da parede intestinal, sobretudo a túnica muscular, muscular da mucosa e túnica mucosa, além de aumento na secreção de mucinas neutras. Já nos animais do G3, houve uma atrofia da parede intestinal, sobretudo para a túnica mucosa, e aumento na secreção de mucinas neutras.
RESUMEN
The effects of toxoplasmosis on the intestinal wall morphometry and the dynamic of mucins secreted in the chicken ileum were analyzed. Sixteen 26-day-old, male, Cobb broiler chicks (Gallus gallus) were used and randomly divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3). G1 received no inoculum characterizing the control group, G2 was inoculated with tissue cysts of ME49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii, and G3 was inoculated with oocytes of M7741 strain of T. gondii. After 60 days of inoculation, the animals were killed and had their ileum collected and submitted to histological processing. Tranversal cuts (4mm) were stained with Hematoxilin-Eosine (HE), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1.0. Intestinal wall increase was noticed for the animals from G2 - mostly the muscle tunic, the muscularis mucosae, and the mucous tunic, including the increase of secretion of neutral mucins. The animals from G3 presented atrophy of the intestinal wall - mostly the mucous tunic, and increase of the secretion of neutral mucins.
Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos da toxoplasmose sobre a morfometria da parede intestinal e a dinâmica de mucinas secretadas no íleo de frangos. Foram utilizados 16 frangos de corte machos (Gallus gallus) da linhagem Cobb, com 26 dias de idade. As aves foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos (G1, G2 e G3). O G1 não recebeu nenhum inóculo caracterizando o grupo controle, o G2 foi inoculado com cistos teciduais da cepa ME49 de Toxoplasma gondii, e o G3 foi inoculado com oocistos da cepa M7741 de T. gondii. Após 60 dias da inoculação, os animais foram mortos, e coletou-se o íleo, o qual foi submetido à rotina de processamento histológico. Cortes transversais de 4mm foram corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue pH 2,5 e Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1,0. Nos animais do G2, observou-se aumento da parede intestinal, sobretudo a túnica muscular, muscular da mucosa e túnica mucosa, além de aumento na secreção de mucinas neutras. Já nos animais do G3, houve uma atrofia da parede intestinal, sobretudo para a túnica mucosa, e aumento na secreção de mucinas neutras.
RESUMEN
This paper verified possible alterations caused by a genotype II Toxoplasma gondii strain with respect to the total number and morphometry of the myenteric neurons in the terminal ileum and descending colon of rats. Eight rats were divided into two groups: control (n = 4) and experimental (n = 4). This group was inoculated orally with 20 tissue cysts of T. gondii from a genotype II strain (ME-49). Whole mounted from the terminal ileum and the descending colon were stained with Giemsa. There was not any neuronal loss on both organs. The neurons became hypertrophied in the terminal ileum, whereas morphometric alterations were not observed for the neurons in the descending colon.
This paper verified possible alterations caused by a genotype II Toxoplasma gondii strain with respect to the total number and morphometry of the myenteric neurons in the terminal ileum and descending colon of rats. Eight rats were divided into two groups: control (n = 4) and experimental (n = 4). This group was inoculated orally with 20 tissue cysts of T. gondii from a genotype II strain (ME-49). Whole mounted from the terminal ileum and the descending colon were stained with Giemsa. There was not any neuronal loss on both organs. The neurons became hypertrophied in the terminal ileum, whereas morphometric alterations were not observed for the neurons in the descending colon.
RESUMEN
Living in society is a feature of Homo sapiens and this fact gives him the advantage of occupying many biomes. Population increase and technological development brought a growth in the volume of dejects thrown into water sources. Knowledge of biological models that evaluates contamination levels of these sources is the aim of this research. Cells of the branchial epithelium of Poecilia vivipara, popularly known as guaru, modify their behavior in the presence of environmental variations and keep the homeostasis in adverse conditions. Our intention was to know the origin and the differentiation of cell types in the development of the gill and to detect variations of the branchial epithelium in embryos of pregnant females exposed to lead (a cumulative and mutagenic chemical pollutant). Two groups were formed, the control and the experimental group, which was exposed to a solution of 1 ppm lead acetate. Embryos in stages 24, 30 and 36 were observed (Vernier, 1969) and analyzed under light and electronic scanning microscopy. Embryos of the females were quantified and measured. The formation of the arcs, filaments, rays and lamellae gill were registered. In the epithelium, first the chlorine cells differentiated; in stage 36 mucous cells appear in the branchial ray. There were no morphological differences between the groups in the epithelial cells of the gill. Viviparity may be the e
Viver em sociedade é uma característica do Homo sapiens, e esta vantagem permitiu-lhe ocupar tantos biomas. Aumento populacional e desenvolvimento tecnológico trouxeram paralelamente acréscimo ao volume de dejetos eliminados nos mananciais de água. Conhecer modelos biológicos que permitam averiguar níveis de contaminação destes mananciais é o propósito desta pesquisa. Células do epitélio branquial do guaru (Poecilia vivípara) modificam o seu comportamento em face de variações ambientais, mantendo a homeostasia em condições adversas. Nosso propósito foi conhecer a origem e diferenciação dos tipos celulares no desenvolvimento das brânquias, procurando detectar variações do epitélio branquial em embriões de fêmeas prenhes expostas ao chumbo (poluente cumulativo e mutagênico). Formaram-se dois grupos, o controle e o experimental, que foi exposto à solução de acetato de chumbo a 1 ppm. Observaram-se os embriões nos estágios 24, 30 e 36 (Vernier, 1969), analisados sob microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Foram quantificados e mensurados os embriões por fêmea. Notou-se a formação dos arcos, filamentos, rastelo e lamelas branquiais. No epitélio, células do cloro se diferenciam primeiro, e no estágio 36 surgem as células mucosas no rastelo branquial. Não houve diferenças morfológicas de células epiteliais das brânquias entre os grupos. A viviparidade pode ser o fato de explicaç
RESUMEN
Living in society is a feature of Homo sapiens and this fact gives him the advantage of occupying many biomes. Population increase and technological development brought a growth in the volume of dejects thrown into water sources. Knowledge of biological models that evaluates contamination levels of these sources is the aim of this research. Cells of the branchial epithelium of Poecilia vivipara, popularly known as guaru, modify their behavior in the presence of environmental variations and keep the homeostasis in adverse conditions. Our intention was to know the origin and the differentiation of cell types in the development of the gill and to detect variations of the branchial epithelium in embryos of pregnant females exposed to lead (a cumulative and mutagenic chemical pollutant). Two groups were formed, the control and the experimental group, which was exposed to a solution of 1 ppm lead acetate. Embryos in stages 24, 30 and 36 were observed (Vernier, 1969) and analyzed under light and electronic scanning microscopy. Embryos of the females were quantified and measured. The formation of the arcs, filaments, rays and lamellae gill were registered. In the epithelium, first the chlorine cells differentiated; in stage 36 mucous cells appear in the branchial ray. There were no morphological differences between the groups in the epithelial cells of the gill. Viviparity may be the e
Viver em sociedade é uma característica do Homo sapiens, e esta vantagem permitiu-lhe ocupar tantos biomas. Aumento populacional e desenvolvimento tecnológico trouxeram paralelamente acréscimo ao volume de dejetos eliminados nos mananciais de água. Conhecer modelos biológicos que permitam averiguar níveis de contaminação destes mananciais é o propósito desta pesquisa. Células do epitélio branquial do guaru (Poecilia vivípara) modificam o seu comportamento em face de variações ambientais, mantendo a homeostasia em condições adversas. Nosso propósito foi conhecer a origem e diferenciação dos tipos celulares no desenvolvimento das brânquias, procurando detectar variações do epitélio branquial em embriões de fêmeas prenhes expostas ao chumbo (poluente cumulativo e mutagênico). Formaram-se dois grupos, o controle e o experimental, que foi exposto à solução de acetato de chumbo a 1 ppm. Observaram-se os embriões nos estágios 24, 30 e 36 (Vernier, 1969), analisados sob microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Foram quantificados e mensurados os embriões por fêmea. Notou-se a formação dos arcos, filamentos, rastelo e lamelas branquiais. No epitélio, células do cloro se diferenciam primeiro, e no estágio 36 surgem as células mucosas no rastelo branquial. Não houve diferenças morfológicas de células epiteliais das brânquias entre os grupos. A viviparidade pode ser o fato de explicaç