Clustering, duplication and chromosomal distribution of mouse SINE retrotransposons.

We analyzed potential mechanisms determining chromosomal distributions of the mouse B1 and B2 non-LTR retrotransposons, also known as SINE elements. We report that young B1 and B2 SINEs are underrepresented on chromosome X relative to autosomes, which is consistent with their integration in male germ lines. As the age of the SINE elements progresses, their densities on chromosome X increase relative to autosomal densities, possibly due to differences in ectopic recombination rates between chromosome X and autosomes. Furthermore, unlike young human Alus that tend to be integrated outside Alu-dense regions, young B1 and B2 elements are found mostly in SINE-rich clusters. The B1- or B2-rich clusters are more likely to contain duplicated elements than B1- or B2-poor chromosomal regions. We also present evidence indicating potential association of B1 and B2 elements with intra-chromosomal segmental duplications. No such association was found with inter-chromosomal duplications. We propose that the accumulation of mouse SINE elements observed in GC-rich regions may be due to the excess of DNA duplications over deletions in gene-rich regions that tend to be GC rich.

[Short-term elective surgery--report on 6-years of experience]. / Krátkodobá elektivní chirurgie--zpráva o sestileté cinnosti.

The objective of the work was to evaluate six years of experience with operation of a department of short-term elective surgical care. The basic method of such a department is separation of the spectrum of elective operations and spatial and organizational separation of this care. The results (6077 operations in 5538 patients, the mean hospitalization period 2.38 days, total incidence of complications 2.25%, no death, very low incidence of surgical infections permit the conclusion that institutions of this type are also under our local conditions satisfactory alternative treatment of surgical patients.

[Endoscopic disruption of perforators in the leg]. / Endoskopické zrusení perforátoru bérce.

Since September 15, 1994 endoscopic eliminations of perforators in Linton's line of the leg were performed in the Surgical Sanatorium in Brno Vinicní 235. Before January 1, 1999 80 of these operations were performed. Based on the results subfascial ligatures on the leg according to Linton can be adequately replaced by less multilating operations, i.e. by endoscopic elimination of perforators in Linton's line of the leg. (Ref. 4.)

[Endoscopic elimination of perforators in Linton's line in the leg]. / Endoskopické zrusení perforátu v Lintonove linii bérce.

Since September 15, 1994 in the Surgical Sanatorium in Brno Vinicná 235 endoscopic elimination of perforators in Linton's line of the leg is performed. Before October 9, 1995 52 of these operations were implemented. Based the results we may state that subfascial ligatures on the leg according to Linton can be adequately replaced by less mutilating operations, i.e. by endoscopic elimination of perforators in Linton's line of the leg.

[Emergency endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in a department of surgery]. / Urgentní endoskopická papilosfinkterotomie na chirurgickém pracovisti.

During 1992-1994 at the Second Surgical Clinic of the Faculty Hospital (St. Ann) in Brno a total o 66 urgent ERCP were performed on account of acute pancreatis, cholangitis and rapidly progressing jaundice of the obstructive type. After the diagnostic part of the examination endoscopic papillosphincterotomy followed in 58 patients. A 92% success was achieved in endoscopic papillosphincterotomy and 77% success as regards sanation of the biliary pathways during the first session. The authors emphasize the advantages of these endoscopic method in surgical departments.

[Report on 3061 laparoscopic cholecystectomies]. / Zpráva o 3061 laparoskopických cholecystektomiích.

The results of 3061 laparoscopic cholecystectomies made by 58 surgeons in nine departments--feasibility 88.9%, low morbidity rate (n = 2071) 11.8%, high morbidity rate 2.48%, mortality rate 0.22%, residual choledocholithiasis 1.36%, preoperative use of endoscopic methods 1.0%, revision in a total of 1.8%--are as a rule less favourable than summarized statistical data from abroad. Similarly as in data abroad the incidence of biliary lesions is not satisfactory--0.65%. The incidence of fistulas (0.13%) revisions on account of haemorrhage (0.29%) and surgical preoperative accidents (0.24%) was lower. Departments which use thermocoagulation have a significantly lower incidence of lesions (0.14% - p < 0.06) than teams working with electrocoagulation.

[Surgical endoscopy--analysis of 6 years' activity]. / Chirurgická endoskopie--rozbor sestileté cinnosti.

Fibroscopy of the digestive system which in the majority of developed countries is quite common is in our country still not available in an adequate extent. The authors evaluate their experience in a surgical department covering a six-year period. A total of 4436 fibroscopic examinations were made incl. 3821 gastroscopies 615 ERCP and examinations of the papilla Vateri. They describe their experience with urgent endoscopy on account of haemorrhage into the GIT, pancreatitis or cholangitis. They emphasize the advantages of a maximal extension of endoscopic methods and their advantages, as compared with classical examination methods.

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy without cholangiography]. / Laparoskopická cholecystektomie bez cholangiografie.

The results assembled in a group of 260 patients subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy without i.v. cholangiography (0.38% residual stones, entirely successful perioperative endoscopic treatment, no biliary lesion) confirm that a low incidence of residual cholelithiasis, elimination of revision on account of concrements in the bile duct and absence of biliary lesions can be achieved without obligatory preoperative cholangiography even in a non-selected clinical group. When therapeutic "splitting" is used, peroperative selective cholangiography is not necessary.

[Emergency endoscopic papillotomy]. / Urgentní endoskopické papilotomie.

The authors describe their experience with urgent endoscopic procedures of the papilla Vater. They consider septic cholangitis and acute pancreatitis indications for endoscopic papillotomy. The authors made a total of 27 operations, incl. 22 on account of pancreatitis and five on account of cholangitis. One female patient with necrotizing pancreatitis caused by a protracted sepsis and multiorgan failure, died. Otherwise there were no serious complications; after the majority of operations a steep drop of pathological laboratory values was recorded. One of the most important factors for successful endoscopic intervention is in the authors' opinion rapid action. With regard to the favourable initial results the authors recommend a detailed multi-centre prospective randomized study.

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: early results in the initial non-selected group of 50 surgical patients]. / Laparoskopická cholecystektomie: casné výsledky úvodního neselektovaného souboru 50 operovaných.

Early results of an initial non-selected group of 50 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (mean hospitalization 3.5 days, 6% conversions, no serious complications, no revisions, morbidity due to minor complications 6.3% and saved costs of postoperative hospital treatment 44.6%) confirm that this operation is feasible, safe, preferred by patients and well tolerated economical definitive treatment of cholecystolithiasis. On these grounds it is becoming a method of first choice. The safety of patients is ensured by steady care of the surgeon and his adequate training according to generally accepted principles.

[Peroperative endoscopic papillosphincterotomy]. / Peroperacní endoskopická papilosfinkterotomie.

The authors describe their experience with combinations of endoscopic and surgical procedures when dealing with stenoses of the papilla Vateri. They give a detailed account of the endoscopic phase of surgical intervention. In their opinion the most important thing is exclusion of duodenotomy which should reduce the risk of a duodenal fistula. Another important advantage is more rapid convalescence and a shorter hospitalization period as well as a shorter time required for the intervention. Next the authors discuss possible complications described in the literature and their relationship to endoscopic papillotomy. The authors evaluate contemporary possibilities of endoscopic treatment and emphasize the necessity to extend the use of endoscopic methods in everyday surgical practice.

[Endoscopic bipolar coagulation of acute gastroduodenal hemorrhage]. / Endoskopická bipolární koagulace akutního gastroduodenálního kravácení.

The authors describe one possible way of endoscopic haemostasis, i.e. by bipolar coagulation. First they give an account of the principle of the method and technique of coagulation. Then they demonstrate on their own group of patients with haemorrhage into the gastroduodenum a 71% effectiveness of haemostasis by this method. In another 10% a temporary effect was achieved with the possibility of effective supplementation of the blood volume and thus an improved prognosis of surgery. In case of failure, in particular haemorrhage according to Forest Ia, they warn against any delay of surgery.

[Hemostatsis during liver resection using the Leister Hot-Jet coagulator]. / Stavení krvácení pri resekci jater pomocí Leister Hot-Jet koagulátoru.

The authors present their own experience with the use of a hot-jet coagulator in resections of the liver. The principle is based on contact-free transmission of thermal energy by means of a current of hot air to achieve haemostasis and tissue coagulation. They mention the use of the apparatus in animal experiments and in resections of the liver in nine patients. They recommend the procedure as one possibility of haemostasis where conventional methods do not affect haemostasis.

[Gastric volvulus]. / Volvulus zaludku.

Patient with gastric volvulus of secondary type due to paraesophageal hernia is reported. The possibility of gastric volvulus has to be considered in light of the severity of the condition and its relatively rare occurrence. Contrast esophagography and swallow in the lateral projection will confirm the diagnosis.