Bioelectrocatalytic performance of d-fructose dehydrogenase.

This review summarizes the bioelectrocatalytic properties of d-fructose dehydrogenase (FDH), while taking into consideration its enzymatic characteristics. FDH is a membrane-bound flavohemo-protein with a molecular mass of 138 kDa, and it catalyzes the oxidation of d-fructose to 5-keto-d-fructose. The characteristic feature of FDH is its strong direct-electron-transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalytic activity. The pathway of the DET-type reaction is discussed. An overview of the application of FDH-based bioelectrocatalysis to biosensors and biofuel cells is also presented, and the benefits and problems associated with it are extensively discussed.