RESUMEN
A new test stand at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) is being constructed to carry out experiments to develop and upgrade the present magnetron-type sources of H(-) ions of up to 80 mA at 35 keV in the context of the Proton Improvement Plan. The aim of this plan is to provide high-power proton beams for the experiments at FNAL. The technical details of the construction and layout of this test stand are presented, along with a prospective set of diagnostics to monitor the sources.
RESUMEN
Given the dynamic nature of the health care environment, what should be the focus of graduate education in nursing? New advanced practice roles for nurses are emerging, but few university-based educational programs exist to respond to the need. In developing a Master's program, Baylor University School of Nursing accepted the challenge to deviate from tradition by preparing a nurse who has the advanced knowledge and skills necessary to proactively address the present and future needs of health care in multiple settings and roles. This article discusses this unique and creative program in patient care management. Outcome evaluation reveals that students are attaining the terminal objectives, meeting the outcome criteria, and readily securing employment.
Asunto(s)
Manejo de Caso , Educación de Postgrado en Enfermería/tendencias , Curriculum , Humanos , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , TexasRESUMEN
This study compared the metabolic cost of ice skating and in-line skating in Division I collegiate hockey players. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were compared between the two conditions at three skating velocities: 12.5 km.h-1, 16.5 km.h-1, and 20 km.h-1. Twelve subjects were tested on two occasions: on ice (ice skating) and off ice (in-line skating). They skated for 3 min at each velocity, with heart rate recording and gas collection taking place during the final 30 s of each stage. A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the chosen velocities affected the two conditions differently for heart rate (p < .01). No interaction between condition and velocity was found for absolute (p < .43) and relative (p < .15) oxygen uptake. In-line skating produced significantly greater heart rate values and absolute oxygen uptake values than ice skating at all three velocities (p < .05). In-line skating also generated significantly greater relative oxygen uptake values at 16.5 km.h-1 and 20 km.h-1. Results suggest that the metabolic cost of in-line skating is greater than that of ice skating for collegiate ice hockey players when skating at three velocities similar to those skated during game conditions.
Asunto(s)
Metabolismo Energético , Hockey , Patinación/fisiología , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Monitoreo Fisiológico , Consumo de Oxígeno , Patinación/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Four horses were inoculated with Ehrlichia risticii contained in either infected murine P388 D1 cells or heparinized blood from an infected horse. All 4 horses produced serum antibody, plasma antigen, and clinical signs of the disease. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibody in the serum and was also used in conjunction with an anti-E. risticii monoclonal antibody to detect antigenemia. These laboratory and clinical findings were correlated to determine the efficiency of the antigen detection method for discerning E. risticii infection.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/sangre , Ehrlichiosis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Ehrlichia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ehrlichiosis/sangre , Ehrlichiosis/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Caballos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Ratones , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antigen in plasma and antibody in serum of 3 horses inoculated with Ehrlichia equi. Clinical signs, including rectal temperature, were correlated with the antigen and antibody detection. ELISA was very efficient in detection of serum antibody. Antigen detection using monoclonal antibodies to E. equi and ELISA should be considered as a diagnostic method.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/sangre , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Ehrlichia/inmunología , Ehrlichiosis/sangre , Ehrlichiosis/diagnóstico , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/inmunología , Caballos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangreRESUMEN
A descriptive survey method was used to study clinical structure and evaluation in NLN-accredited baccalaureate degree schools of nursing. A 68% response rate of 198 mailed questionnaires elicited responses from deans, directors, associate deans or curriculum committee chairpersons regarding the schools' clinical structure and evaluation methods. Structure of the clinical courses was almost equally divided; 69 programs had an integrated focus and 60 had a specialty focus. The majority of schools (59%) used the pass-fail method for grading clinical performance and 41% used numerical or letter grades (A-F). Most of the programs used faculty-developed evaluation tools that varied between clinical courses. Study results showed a significant difference at the .001 level in faculty satisfaction. Faculty who graded pass-fail were more satisfied than those who used numerical or letter grades.
Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Bachillerato en Enfermería/normas , Evaluación Educacional/métodos , Atención de Enfermería/normas , Recolección de Datos , Evaluación Educacional/normas , Docentes de Enfermería , Humanos , Investigación en Educación de Enfermería , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Eleven unilateral cryptorchid stallions, two to three years old, were castrated at Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Five of these cryptorchid cases were abdominal and the rest were inguinal. This study was initiated to document the differences between the abdominal and inguinal equine cryptorchid testes. Specimens were obtained from the abepididymal side of each cryptorchid testes and processed for light and electron microscopic study. The cryptorchid testes were smaller than the scrotal testes, with the abdominal testes being one-fourth the size of the scrotal testes. Two of the abdominal testes had cysts filled with a straw-colored fluid. The seminiferous tubules of the abdominal testes were larger than those in the inguinal testes. The epithelial linings of the seminiferous tubules of the abdominal testes were vacuolated and did not contain more than two layers of undifferentiated cells. The interstitial collagen fibers of the abdominal testes were coarse and more abundant than those of the inguinal testes. The seminiferous tubules of the inguinal testes were smaller and contained many layers of epithelial cells at different stages of embryological differentiation, with scattered primordial germ cells. The necrotic, degenerative changes of the epithelial cells of the abdominal testes were distinct, while the inguinal testes had healthy cells at embryological arrest.
Asunto(s)
Criptorquidismo/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Testículo/patología , Animales , Criptorquidismo/patología , Caballos , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Testículo/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Eight horses with previous racing experience were used in a comparative study of training methods for Thoroughbred racehorses. They were randomly assigned to two groups of four horses each. One group was trained using an interval training method (IT) and the other using conventional training (CT) methods. Peak heart rates, heart rate recovery curves, peak plasma lactate levels, plasma lactate clearance rates and run times were used to evaluate differences in the training methods. Peak heart rates, heart rate recovery curves, and run times were not significantly different between the groups. However, higher lactate production and increased plasma lactate clearance by the IT group demonstrated an increased anaerobic capacity.
Asunto(s)
Caballos/fisiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Deportes , Animales , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Caballos/sangre , Lactatos/sangre , Masculino , Carrera/fisiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Parasite-free, 4-month-old-calves were inoculated with Ostertagia ostertagi and/or Trichostrongylus axei, followed 6 weeks later by inoculation with increasing doses of O ostertagi for 8 weeks in the 2 groups (n = 4) of calves that had been given O ostertagi. Gastrin immunoreactivity concentration in serum was measured before and after infection and was correlated with changes in mucosal thickness. Gastrin immunoreactivity concentration in preinoculation control sera ranged from 95.2 to 287.1 pg/ml, and increased values were measured in all parasitized calves after 15 weeks. Significantly (P less than 0.05) increased serum gastrin immunoreactivity concentration compared with the preinfection value, was found in calves infected with O ostertagi or T axei, and highly significant (P less than 0.01) values were observed in calves infected with both parasites. Abomasal mucosal hyperplasia was observed in all parasitized calves; increased mucosal thickness and mucosal cross-sectional area were most prominent in calves infected with O ostertagi and T axei.
Asunto(s)
Abomaso/patología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Gastrinas/sangre , Ostertagiasis/veterinaria , Tricostrongiloidiasis/veterinaria , Tricostrongiliasis/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/sangre , Hiperplasia , Ostertagiasis/sangre , Ostertagiasis/patología , Tricostrongiliasis/sangre , Tricostrongiliasis/patologíaRESUMEN
Fourteen penned and 17 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Rafinesque) were singularly or repeatedly immobilized with 100 mg xylazine hydrochloride (HCl) and 300 mg ketamine HCl. The mean times from intravenous injection to ambulation for 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg body weight doses of tolazoline HCl were 13.5, 10.5, and 9.2 min. Deer not receiving tolazoline HCl recovered in an average of 168 min. Heart rates significantly (P less than 0.001) increased from 47 to 83 beats/min after tolazoline HCl administration, representing a return to normal rate. Tolazoline HCl had no effect on respiratory rate. A total of 85 reversals with tolazoline HCl resulted in no apparent adverse reactions.
Asunto(s)
Ciervos/fisiología , Ketamina/farmacología , Tiazinas/farmacología , Tolazolina/farmacología , Xilazina/farmacología , Animales , Nivel de Alerta , Peso Corporal , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Ketamina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Masculino , Xilazina/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Fawn viability was tested in captive, pregnant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) immobilized with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and reversed by yohimbine hydrochloride or tolazoline hydrochloride. Nine pregnant does were immobilized 10 times each from December 1984 to May 1985. Their mean parturition date was 8 June. The number of fawns produced per pregnant doe was 1.88. Mean weight of newborn fawns was 4.18 kg. Seventy-five percent of the does produced twins or triplets. Three (20%) fawns died postnatally within 48 hr, but the remaining 12 survived for the full 72 hr they were allowed to remain with their dams. These observations compare favorably with those of non-immobilized captive deer on similar diets.
Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos , Ciervos , Inmovilización , Preñez , Animales , Femenino , Fertilidad , Ketamina/farmacología , Masculino , Embarazo , Preñez/efectos de los fármacos , Tolazolina/farmacología , Xilazina/farmacología , Yohimbina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Twenty 4-month-old calves were infected with O ostertagi and/or T axei and the responses to phytolectins were evaluated. Whole blood cultures were incubated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The blastogenic response was determined by tritiated thymidine uptake with results presented as counts per minute (cpm), stimulation indices (SI) and a mononuclear cell responsive index determined by dividing the phytomitogen induced cpm by the absolute mononuclear cell number per ul. The control group results were adjusted to 100 percent and changes in the percentage difference by the parasitized calves was determined. There was a decline in lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA beginning at the time of infection. Significant depression of responses to PHA was observed in all parasitized calves 8 weeks after infection although clinical signs of parasitism did not occur. Lymphocyte responses to PW, were not different in infected calves from the control, although the O ostertagi group had significantly higher PWM mean upon than the calves infected with T. axei. A slight depression in response to Con A was also observed at 8 weeks after infection followed by a significant increase after 10 weeks. The immunosuppression appeared to be a feature of gastrointestinal parasitism and related to infections with O. ostertagi and/or T. axei.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos , Linfocitos/inmunología , Ostertagiasis/veterinaria , Tricostrongiloidiasis/veterinaria , Tricostrongiliasis/veterinaria , Factores de Edad , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Lectinas/farmacología , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ostertagia/aislamiento & purificación , Ostertagiasis/inmunología , Ostertagiasis/parasitología , Tricostrongiliasis/inmunología , Tricostrongiliasis/parasitología , Trichostrongylus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Thirteen captive and one free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were immobilized one to six times each with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride during winter and spring in northern Minnesota. Administration of 0.09 to 0.53 mg of yohimbine hydrochloride per kg IV after each trial reversed the immobilization. The deer raised their heads within a median time of 2.0 min, stood in 6.0 min and walked away in 9.5 min. No adverse side effects were observed for several weeks following the immobilization.
Asunto(s)
Ciervos , Inmovilización , Ketamina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tiazinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Xilazina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Yohimbina/farmacología , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Ketamina/administración & dosificación , Factores de Tiempo , Xilazina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Parasite-free 4-month-old calves were inoculated with Ostertagia ostertagi and/or Trichostrongylus axei followed 6 weeks later by increasing doses of O ostertagi for 8 weeks. Clinical signs of parasitism, fecal egg counts, and plasma pepsinogen concentrations were monitored, and gross lesions and parasite burdens were determined postmortem. Clinical signs of parasitism were not observed and weight gains were not affected in experimentally infected calves. In calves infected with O ostertagi, mean plasma pepsinogen concentrations were greater than for control calves and were diagnostically significant 4 weeks after inoculation and during the last 4 weeks of serial inoculations with O ostertagi. In calves that were given O ostertagi and T axei, abomasal pH was significantly increased, and abomasal lesions were more pronounced than in control calves or in calves inoculated with only O ostertagi or T axei. Abomasal lymph nodes were enlarged in all parasitized calves; other lymph nodes in the calves inoculated with both O ostertagi and T axei were usually smaller than in calves inoculated with only O ostertagi or T axei. Numbers of O ostertagi-inhibited larvae were small in all inoculated calves, but the percentage inhibition was significantly greater in calves inoculated with both O ostertagi and T axei. The percentage inhibition was 3.53% for the O ostertagi-inoculated calves and 7.07% for calves inoculated with both O ostertagi and T axei. These percentages indicated a synergistic effect of concurrent abomasal parasitism, whereas a synergistic effect on T axei worm burden was not observed. The low percentage of larval inhibition indicated that factors other than host resistance are involved in naturally occurring pretype II ostertagiosis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Ostertagiasis/veterinaria , Trichostrongyloidea/fisiología , Tricostrongiloidiasis/veterinaria , Tricostrongiliasis/veterinaria , Abomaso/patología , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Heces/parasitología , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Larva/fisiología , Masculino , Ostertagiasis/parasitología , Ostertagiasis/patología , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/veterinaria , Pepsinógenos/sangre , Tricostrongiliasis/parasitología , Tricostrongiliasis/patologíaRESUMEN
Hematology and serum chemistry values were determined for 27 (18 male, 9 female) wild-caught bobcats (Felis rufus Schreber) greater than or equal to 1.0 yr old from northcentral Minnesota. Most blood parameters were similar to normal values for both captive bobcats and domestic cats. Deviations from these normals were likely the result of capture stress, nutritional status, and/or reproductive condition.
Asunto(s)
Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinaria , Carnívoros/sangre , Animales , Gatos/sangre , Femenino , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinaria , Masculino , Minnesota , Valores de Referencia , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
In a survey of 13 Louisiana equine practices, it was determined that 366 of 3,316 horses developed adverse reactions following use of ivermectin, with 3 of the horses having more than 1 reaction. Almost all of the reactions were of minor to moderate concern; however, 1 death was reported. Three hundred and thirty-two (91% of all reactions) were reported as ventral midline pruritus or edema (10% of all doses). Fifteen (0.45%) were transient injection site swelling and/or stiffness. Eleven horses (0.33%) developed limb edema. Eyelid edema was reported in 4 horses (0.12%). Two horses (0.06%) had fever. Rate and depth of respiration was increased in 1 horse (0.03%). One horse (0.03%) became disoriented. Three horses (0.09%) developed signs of colic. One horse (0.03%) died a few minutes after injection, and 1 horse (0.03%) became depressed. The survey covered the period from March to August of 1983.