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1.
Hear Res ; 451: 109079, 2024 Sep 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39053297

RESUMEN

Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize its structure or function in response to experiences, learning, and environmental influences. This phenomenon is particularly significant in individuals with deafness, as the brain adapts to compensate for the lack of auditory stimulation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether cochlear implantation can restore a normal pattern of brain activation following auditory stimulation in cases of asymmetric hearing loss. We used a PET-scan technique to assess brain activity after cochlear implantation, specifically during an auditory voice/non-voice discrimination task. The results indicated a nearly normal pattern of brain activity during the auditory discrimination task, except for increased activation in areas related to attentional processes compared to controls. Additionally, brain activity at rest showed significant changes in implanted participants, including cross modal visuo-auditory processing. Therefore, cochlear implants can restore the brain's activation pattern through long-term adaptive adjustments in intrinsic brain activity.


Asunto(s)
Estimulación Acústica , Adaptación Fisiológica , Implantación Coclear , Implantes Cocleares , Plasticidad Neuronal , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Humanos , Implantación Coclear/instrumentación , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva/psicología , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva/rehabilitación , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Audición , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Percepción Auditiva , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral/fisiopatología , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral/rehabilitación , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral/diagnóstico por imagen , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral/psicología , Sordera/fisiopatología , Sordera/diagnóstico por imagen , Sordera/rehabilitación , Sordera/cirugía , Anciano , Corrección de Deficiencia Auditiva , Discriminación en Psicología
2.
Int J Audiol ; 62(4): 304-311, 2023 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35290165

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The "Marginal benefit from acoustic amplification" version 2 (MBAA2) sentence test has been used in France in the routine evaluation of cochlear implant (CI) users for 20 years. Here we present four studies that characterise and validate the test, and compare it with the French matrix sentence test. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: An analytic method was developed to obtain speech recognition threshold in noise (SNR50) from testing at a fixed signal to noise ratios (SNRs). Speech recognition was measured at several fixed SNRs in 18 normal-hearing listeners and 15 CI listeners. Then, the test-retest reliability of the MBAA2 was measured in an additional 15 CI listeners. Finally, list equivalence was evaluated in eight CI listeners. RESULTS: The MBAA2 test produced lower SNR50s and SNR50s were obtained in more CI listeners than with the French matrix test. For the MBAA2, the standard deviation of test-retest differences in CI listeners was around 1 dB SNR. Three lists had deviant difficulty and nine low item-to-total correlations. CONCLUSIONS: We propose to reduce the number of MBAA2 test lists to reduce variability. The MBAA2 test has high test-retest reliability for percent correct and SNR50, and is suitable for the assessment of cochlear implant patients.


Asunto(s)
Implantación Coclear , Implantes Cocleares , Percepción del Habla , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Implantación Coclear/métodos , Acústica
3.
Transplant Proc ; 42(10): 4311-3, 2010 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21168688

RESUMEN

Despite initiatives to increase cadaveric donation, there is still a shortfall in donor organs. Kidneys from living donors now makes a significant contribution to increasing the number of organs available for transplantation in Tunisia. We performed a retrospective study of 405 kidney transplantations, including 321 (79.3%) from living donors performed from June 1986 to December 2007. We obtained information on only 162 (50.4%), namely, 64 men (39.5%) and 98 women (60.5%), whose mean age at the time of donation was 42.3 ± 12.2 years. Twelve (8.22%) perioperative complications occurred: wound infections (n = 4), pneumothorax (n = 4), phlebitis (n = 1), hematomas (n = 2), and urinary infection (n = 1). The mean follow-up period was 117.4 ± 74.4 months. Hypertension occurred in 42 donors (25.9%) with mean values of 134 ± 20 for systolic and 79 ± 10 for diastolic blood pressure. Twelve donors (7.4%) developed proteinuria (mean proteinuria, 0.08 ± 1.25 g/d). Renal insufficiency was found in 28 donors (19.44%), 2 of whom developed chronic renal failure requiring dialysis at intervals of 36 and 84 months. In both cases, we diagnosed a familial form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Two donors (1.2%) died within 10 years after kidney donation due to senility. The relatively favorable outcomes suggest that living-donor kidney transplantation is an acceptable approach, in view of the superior results it yields in recipients. However, efforts to increase the number of cadaveric donors in Tunisia should be made. It is also important to develop a registry of long-term kidney function after kidney donation.


Asunto(s)
Donadores Vivos , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Túnez
4.
Dev Biol (Basel) ; 126: 123-32; discussion 325-6, 2006.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17058488

RESUMEN

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a major worldwide zoonotic disease. Foremost of the drawbacks in the control campaigns is the slow growth of its causative agent, M. bovis, as bacteriology remains the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of this disease. Rapid alternative molecular biology methods for TB diagnosis have long been hampered due to mycobacterial-linked difficulties when conventional DNA extraction techniques are applied. Moreover, the correct specificity is difficult to achieve because of the similarities in genetic background between M. bovis and other ubiquitous mycobacterial species. Nevertheless, much technological progress has been achieved in recent years, allowing the development of accurate molecular diagnosis. One of the main problems for bovine TB control is the existence of M. bovis wildlife reservoirs, a source of re-contamination in bovine TB-free herds. PCR seems an interesting alternative method for rapidly screening these species in epidemiological enquiries and immediate decision-making to avoid transmission to livestock. We describe here the validation process for a PCR diagnostic method compared to bacteriology in a wildlife TB survey.


Asunto(s)
Animales Salvajes/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/veterinaria , Animales , Ciervos/microbiología , Mustelidae/microbiología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Sus scrofa/microbiología
5.
Tunis Med ; 83(9): 519-23, 2005 Sep.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16383195

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Central venous catheters for hemodialysis are very useful as blood accesses when arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are not available. The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical impact of internal jugular catheters (IJC) in hemodialysed patients and to assess their economic consequences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is a prospective study realised from July 1998 to March 2002 including 533 hemodialysed patients without functional AVF: 280 males and 253 females aged between 17 and 87 years (mean age: 54.1 +/- 15 years). Single lumen polyurethane Vygon were used. All catheters were placed using Seldinger procedure and the posterior route of Jernigan which is more comfortable for patient. RESULTS: Indications of IJC placement were new hemodialysed patients without AVF in 73.5% cases and no functional AVF in 26.5% cases. During the period of the study. IJC was placed in 533 patients. We failed to place the IJC at the first attempt in 42 patients but we succeed in placing it on the controlateral side. During IJC placement, we observed 50 (9.4%) cases of accidental puncture of carotid artery. The median duration use of IJC was 41 days (extreme: 1 to 413 days). IJC were removed mainly because of the use of AVF in 469 (88%) cases and the catheter infection in 41 (77%) cases. Bacteriological analysis were made only for 25 patients: staphylococci were identified in 16 cases and catheter cultures were negative in the 9 other cases. All patients were treated with antibiotics. Outcome was favourable for 39 of them and we had 2 deaths by septicemia. The IJC cost was 44,287 Tunisian Dinars (DT) coresponding to 31.633 Euro including 10125 DT (7,232 Euro) for infectious treatment. CONCLUSION: The use of IJC is frequent in our center with a high rate of infectious complications which increased the hemodialysis cost. The realisation of AVF, in patients with chronic renal failure before the beginning of hemodialysis, is the best way to limit the use of catheters.


Asunto(s)
Cateterismo Venoso Central/efectos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Diálisis Renal/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica , Cateterismo Venoso Central/economía , Femenino , Costos de la Atención en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Venas Yugulares , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Sepsis/etiología
7.
J Clin Microbiol ; 39(10): 3623-32, 2001 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11574583

RESUMEN

The molecular fingerprints of 1,349 isolates of Mycobacterium bovis received between 1979 and August 2000 at Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (Afssa) have been obtained by spoligotyping. The majority of the isolates (1,266) were obtained from cattle living in France. An apparently high level of heterogeneity was observed between isolates. One hundred sixty-one spoligotypes were observed in total, of which 153 were from French isolates. The two predominant spoligotypes, designated BCG-like and GB54, accounted for 26 and 12% of the isolates, respectively. In addition, 84% of the spoligotypes were found fewer than 10 times. Analysis of the results by clustering and parsimony-based algorithms revealed that the majority of the spoligotypes were closely related. The predominant spoligotype was identical to that of the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG, which was isolated in France at the end of the 19th century. Some spoligotypes were closely associated with restricted geographical areas. Interestingly, some spoligotypes, which were frequently observed in France, were also observed in neighboring countries. Conversely, few spoligotypes were common to France and England, and those that were shared were observed at very different frequencies. This last point illustrates the potential role for an international data bank, which could help trace the spread of M. bovis across national borders.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Mycobacterium bovis/clasificación , Mycobacterium bovis/genética , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Tuberculosis Bovina/epidemiología , Animales , Bovinos , Análisis por Conglomerados , Francia/epidemiología , Mycobacterium bovis/aislamiento & purificación , Oligonucleótidos/análisis , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Tuberculosis Bovina/microbiología
9.
Vet Res ; 29(2): 207-12, 1998.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9601152

RESUMEN

This study reports on two series of cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in zoo animals. The first was in a captive population of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the second in a mixed group of wild mammals, including four leopards (Panthera uncia and Panthera pardus) and a sea-lion (Otaria byrona). The isolation and identification of strains of M. bovis confirmed the presence of M. bovis infections in both zoos. The epidemiological study using genetic markers such as the IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting system made it possible to differentiate between M. bovis strains. The M. bovis strains isolated from baboons were shown to contain a single IS6110 copy, as usually do cattle isolates, whereas the M. bovis strains isolated from the other exotic animals presented multiple copies. This finding suggests that the origin of the contamination for the baboons in zoo A could be related to cattle. The origin of the contamination for the leopards and sea-lion in zoo B is more difficult to determine. In conclusion, the authors suggest some recommendations for avoiding outbreaks of tuberculosis infections in zoos.


Asunto(s)
Carnívoros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Monos/microbiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/veterinaria , Mycobacterium bovis , Papio/microbiología , Leones Marinos/microbiología , Animales , Animales de Zoológico , Bovinos , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Francia , Genoma Bacteriano , Alemania , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Monos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Monos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/epidemiología , Mycobacterium bovis/clasificación , Mycobacterium bovis/aislamiento & purificación
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