The association of impaired gestational glucose tolerance with maternal and fetal outcomes.

The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with maternal and fetal outcomes.A total of 200 pregnant women were included in this cross-sectional study. A 50-gram oral glucose challenge test (GCT) was performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, followed by glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 100 grams of oral glucose in those with an abnormal one-hour test result. The following were not significantly different between groups. Preterm labour (PL), pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH), pre-eclampsia, polyhydramnios, and macrosomia. However, a significant increase was noted in the fetal birth weight as well as in number of cesarean deliveries among GDM subjects. Neonatal outcomes were also similar between the two groups. In conclusion, the present results suggest that single high glucose readings in OGTT may be as important as a diagnosis of GDM in terms of fetomaternal complication risk.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome accompanied by invasive ductal carcinoma: a case report.

Milllerian agenesis and the absence of organs of Millerian canal origin are referred to as Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Invasive ductal carcinoma constitutes 47-75% of all breast carcinomas and is the most common type. The authors report the first case of invasive ductal carcinoma associated with MRKH syndrome in the literature to their knowledge. A 25-year-old woman with a palpable mass in her right breast for three months presented to the presented clinic. On physical examination a mobile, firm mass measuring 2x2 cm was detected in right breast, at a region close to axilla. A fine needle aspiration biopsy from the lesion revealed malignant cells and thus a segmental mastectomy operation was performed. All genital tract and endocrinological system should be thoroughly examined before administering hormone replacement therapy to patients presenting with primary amenorrhea.The co-occurrence MRKH syndrome of with invasive ductal carcinoma is regarded as coincidental. Confirming the absence of a common etiology, however, requires further genetic studies.

Effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic markers, dietary intake and abdominal fat distribution in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on metabolic markers, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and abdominal visceral fat thickness (VFT) in pregnancy. METHODS: Seventy-eight healthy pregnant subjects who had fasted for at least 15 days during the month of Ramadan in 2012 and 2013 and 78 controls were included in this study. Metabolic markers, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and ultrasonographic VFT were calculated for each subject before and after Ramadan fasting. RESULTS: When before and after Ramadan values in the fasting group were compared, we found that daily protein intake was increased (p <0.001), but fat and carbohydrate intake remained unchanged. A significant reduction was observed in liquid consumption while the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria was increased. High-density lipoprotein significantly increased, and glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and homeostasis model index significantly decreased (p =0.005, p =0.01, p <0.001, and p =0.03, respectively). A significant increase in ferritin was found (p =0.02). No change was observed in subcutaneous fat thickness, while VFT significantly decreased (p =0.08, p =0.005). However, in the control group, only ferritin level increased. CONCLUSION: A combined change in the number and timing of meals and the portioning of the entire daily intake into only two meals per day may have beneficial metabolic effects and reduction in VFT during pregnancy. Hippokratia 2015; 19 (4): 298-303.