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Six Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides (named CMP-1, CMP-2, CMP-3, CMP-4, CMP-9, and CMP-A) were obtained by fractional alcohol precipitation. The experimental results showed that the six Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides had similar chemical composition and spectral features, and different molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions and anti-tumor activities. Purification of CMP-9 yielded the small molecule polysaccharide LMW-CMP (3.06 kDa). Structural experiments showed that LMW-CMP is an α-glucan with (1 â 4)-α-D-Glcp as the main chain and a glucose branched chain attached at the O-6 position. The results of cell experiments showed that LMW-CMP could effectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of HepG2 cells, activate the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway through the MAPK pathway to induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells, and block apoptosis at the G1 phase. Animal experiments showed that LMW-CMP inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells in H22 tumor-bearing mice by improving the state of immune organs, increasing the activity of immune cells and cytokine levels in the body, and regulating the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations, with a tumor inhibition rate of 45.70 % (200 mg/kg).
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The paper introduces JIAO Lin's clinical experience in treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by manual mobilization of meridian muscle regions. Professor JIAO Lin believes that the key to the occurrence and development of KOA lies in the disorder of meridian muscle regions (sinews/fascia). In pathology, four stages are divided, i.e. the acute stage, the blockage stage, the contraction stage and the atrophy stage of muscle regions, characterized as multi-layer, multi-dimensional and multi-morphological distribution. In treatment, based on the principle, "taking pain sites as stimulating points", the sites, with reduced pain threshold and distributed along the meridian muscle regions, are regarded as "acupoints" for intervention. Manual mobilization of meridian muscle regions is the dominant approach, combined with routine acupuncture, heat-sensitive moxibustion, cupping and bloodletting corresponding to the features of syndromes and meridian manifestation at different stages. The comprehensive treatment may restore and reconstruct the physiological functions of the meridian muscle regions around knee joints by "nourishing tendons, strengthening bones and benefiting joints".
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Puntos de Acupuntura , Meridianos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia por Acupuntura , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/terapia , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of thoracic manipulation (TM) in patients with neck pain (NP). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of thoracic manipulation (TM) in patients with neck pain (NP). METHODS: Seven electronic databases were searched from their inception through October 2023 by two authors. The methodological quality assessments were performed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Pain, cervical range of motion (ROM), disability, and quality of life (QOL) were estimated for TM treatment in patients with NP. RESULTS: Eighteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 914 patients were included with a PEDro score of 6.923 ± 3.120. Pooled effect sizes of pain (SMD =-0.481, 95% CI -0.653 to -0.309, P= 0.000), disability (SMD =-1.435, 95% CI -2.480 to -0.390, P= 0.007), QOL-physical component score (PCS) (SMD = 0.658, 95% CI 0.290 to 1.025, P= 0.000), ROM of flexion (SMD = 0.921, 95% CI 0.287 to 1.555, P= 0.000), ROM of extension (SMD = 0.572, 95% CI 0.321 to 0.822, P= 0.000), ROM of left lateral flexion (SMD = 0.593, 95% CI 0.075 to 1.112, P= 0.025) and ROM of left rotation (SMD = 0.230, 95% CI 0.010 to 0.450, P= 0.04) were favored by the TM group. CONCLUSIONS: TM provides short-term effect on relieving neck pain, increasing cervical ROM, and disability in patients with NP without serious side effects. Continuous therapy and distraction therapy are recommended as optimal choice on reducing pain and improving cervical ROM, especially in patients with chronic NP (> 3 months). The TM-induced improvements in the QOL of patients with NP should be verified by more further high-quality RCTs.
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Dolor de Cuello , Calidad de Vida , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Humanos , Dolor de Cuello/terapia , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Manipulación Espinal/métodosRESUMEN
An important micronutrient involved in immune response and antitumor is selenium. LMW-GFP, a polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa seed bodies, has a relatively weak antitumor effect on BGC-823 and MFC cells in vitro, whereas selenium binding to LMW-GFP can significantly increase the in vitro antitumor activity of LMW-GFP. In this study, Se-LMW-GFP was prepared by the HNO3-Na2SeO3 method, and the structures of LMW-GFP and Se-LMW-GFP were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy of absorption, FTIR spectroscopy, and electron scanning microscopy, and these structural analyses showed that selenium was successfully complexed to LMW-GFP. The selenium content of Se-LMW-GFP was measured to be 2.08 % ± 0.08 % by ICP-MS. The anti-tumor activity of LMW-GFP before and after selenium modification was compared by cellular experiments, and the findings indicated that the anti-tumor activity of Se-LMW-GFP was considerably improved over that of LMW-GFP, and inhibited the proliferation of BGC-823 cells and MFC cells through a combination of the Fas/FasL-mediated exogenous death receptor pathway as well as the endogenous mitochondrial pathway. Our results suggest that Se-LMW-GFP not only has great potential for natural health food and anti-gastric cancer drug development but is also a good selenium supplement.
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Proliferación Celular , Grifola , Peso Molecular , Selenio , Neoplasias Gástricas , Grifola/química , Humanos , Selenio/química , Selenio/farmacología , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/farmacología , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/químicaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To comprehensively identify the corneal biomechanical differences measured by Corvis ST between different degrees of myopia and emmetropia. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, were systematically searched for studies comparing the corneal biomechanics among various degrees of myopes and emmetropes using Corvis ST. The weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Meta-analysis was performed in high and nonhigh myopes and in myopes and emmetropes, respectively. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in this study. The meta-analysis among myopes and emmetropes included 1947 myopes and 621 emmetropes, and 443 high myopes and 449 nonhigh myopes were included in the meta-analysis among high and nonhigh myopia. Myopes showed the cornea with significantly longer time at the first applanation (A1t) and lower length at the second applanation (A2L) than emmetropes. High myopes showed significantly greater A1t, velocity at the second applanation (A2v), deformation amplitude at the highest concavity (HC-DA), and peak distance at the highest concavity (HC-PD) and decreased time at the second applanation (A2t) and radius of the highest concavity (HC-R). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal biomechanics is different in myopia, especially in high myopia. Compared with nonhigh myopes, the corneas of high myopes deformed slower during the first applanation, faster during the second applanation, and showed greater deformation amplitude, indicating greater elasticity and viscidity.
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Córnea , Emetropía , Miopía , Humanos , Córnea/fisiopatología , Emetropía/fisiología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos/fisiología , Miopía/fisiopatología , Elasticidad/fisiología , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Tonometría Ocular , Refracción Ocular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) may exhibit different immune responses to novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection compared to healthy individuals. While previous studies have primarily investigated changes in COVID-19-related antibodies post-vaccination for RMD patients, this study sought to explore the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and neutralising antibodies (NAb) in RMD patients after COVID-19 infection. METHODS: In this longitudinal study, we monitored the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and NAb levels in RMD patients and healthy controls (HC) at 60 and 90 days post-COVID-19 infection. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to detect the levels of novel coronavirus-specific IgG (anti-S1/S2 IgG) antibodies and NAb. RESULTS: A total of 292 RMD patients and 104 HC were enrolled in the study. At both the 60-day and 90-day post-COVID-19 infection, RMD patients exhibited significantly lower levels of anti-S1/S2 IgG and NAb than those in the HC group (p<0.001). The anti-S1/S2 IgG antibody levels remained relatively stable, while the NAb levels in RMD patients could vary greatly between the 60th and 90th days. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the prior administration of glucocorticoids (GC), immunosuppressants, and b/tsDMARDs stood out as independent risk factors associated with reduced anti-S1/S2 IgG and NAb levels, irrespective of the specific RMD subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: GC and anti-rheumatic medications can potentially alter the production of specific antibodies, especially NAb, in RMD patients post-COVID-19 infection. These findings emphasise the importance of continuous monitoring for NAb fluctuations in RMD patients following a COVID-19 infection.
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Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , COVID-19 , Inmunoglobulina G , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas , Enfermedades Reumáticas , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/sangre , Enfermedades Reumáticas/inmunología , Enfermedades Reumáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Reumáticas/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Estudios Longitudinales , Adulto , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/inmunología , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/sangre , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/sangre , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/inmunología , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y ControlesRESUMEN
Ischemic stroke is a common neurological disease. Currently, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that can maximize the improvement in ischemic stroke-induced nerve damage. Hence, treating ischemic stroke remains a clinical challenge. Ferroptosis has been increasingly studied in recent years, and it is closely related to the pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke. Iron overload, reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and glutamate accumulation associated with ferroptosis are all present in ischemic stroke. This article focuses on describing the relationship between ferroptosis and ischemic stroke and summarizes the relevant substances that ameliorate ischemic stroke-induced neurological damage by inhibiting ferroptosis. Finally, the problems in the treatment of ischemic stroke targeting ferroptosis are discussed, hoping to provide a new direction for its treatment.
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Ferroptosis , Sobrecarga de Hierro , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico , Humanos , Ácido Glutámico , Peroxidación de Lípido , Especies Reactivas de OxígenoRESUMEN
PRCIS: There was a significant inverse linear relationship between age at menopause and open angle glaucoma (OAG). Late menarche (≥13 y) and a history of 5 or more deliveries were significantly associated with an increased risk of OAG. PURPOSE: To determine the association between reproductive factors including age at menarche, age at menopause, reproductive period, parity, and the risk of OAG in women. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched until February 9, 2022. Studies were included if they assessed the association between reproductive factors and OAG. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with relevant 95% CIs were extracted and pooled using fixed-effects models. Besides, we conducted dose-response analyses via the generalized least squares for trend method. RESULTS: Seven articles including 18,618 women were identified in this review. The pooled results indicated that late age at menarche (≥13 y) was significantly associated with an increased risk of OAG (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.43). Early menopause (<45 y) also significantly elevated the risk of OAG (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.90) in categorical meta-analyses, consistent with the inverse linear relationship between menopausal age and the risk of OAG in dose-response analyses ( P =0.002). In addition, women who had delivered at least 5 children were at significantly higher risk of OAG compared with those nulliparous (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.02, 5.39), and a J-shape relationship between parity and OAG was observed in dose-response analyses ( P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Late menarche (≥13 y), early menopause (<45 y), and a history of 5 or more parturitions are possible risk factors for OAG. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further examine the relationships between reproductive factors and the risk of OAG.
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Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto , Embarazo , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/diagnóstico , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/epidemiología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/etiología , Presión Intraocular , Historia Reproductiva , Paridad , Menopausia/fisiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a devastating disease most often associated with tobacco consumption that induces a field of mutations from which a tumor arises. Identification of ways to prevent the emergence of cancer in high-risk patients is an ultimate goal for combatting all types of cancer, including OSCC. METHODS: Our study employs a mouse model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), to establish tongue dysplasia and OSCC. We use conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging, mass cytometry, novel cell lines, pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3Kγ, T-cell suppression assays and mouse transplant models in our functional experimentation. RESULTS: In our study, we identify Ly6G+ granulocytes as the most abundant immune cell type in a model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic 4NQO. Targeting Ly6G+ granulocytes with a pharmacologic inhibitor of PI3Kγ, an isoform of PI3K exclusively expressed by myeloid cells, resulted in reduced tongue dysplasia severity, and reduced rates of OSCC. Importantly, we performed functional assays with the Ly6G+ granulocytes induced in cell line models of 4NQO carcinogenesis to demonstrate that these granulocytes have increased polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) activity against T-cell proliferation and these PMN-MDSCs play a functional role in promoting tumor formation by inhibiting tumor regression in a PI3Kγ-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our data suggest that recruitment of PMN-MDSCs to sites of dysplasia is critical to immune suppression of CD8 T cells, thereby permitting malignancy, and PI3Kγ inhibitors are one mechanism to reduce PMN-MDSC recruitment, immunosuppression and tumorigenesis in OSCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Boca , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias de la Boca/inducido químicamente , Carcinogénesis , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , FosfatidilinositolesRESUMEN
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFß) activity is linked to metastasis in many cancer types, but whether TGFß activity is necessary for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lung metastasis has not been studied. Here we used a lung metastatic SCC model derived from keratin 15 (K15). KrasG12D.Smad4-/- SCC and human SCC specimens to identify metastasis drivers and test therapeutic interventions. We demonstrated that a TGFß receptor (TGFßR) inhibitor reduced lung metastasis in mouse SCC correlating with reduced CD11b+/Ly6G+ myeloid cells positive for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Further, TGFß activity and iNOS were higher in primary human oral SCCs with metastasis than SCCs without metastasis. Consistently, either depleting myeloid cells with anti-Gr1 antibody or inhibiting iNOS with L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine (L-NIL) reduced SCC lung metastasis. L-NIL treated tumor-bearing mice exhibited reductions in tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and in plasma Cxcl5 levels, and attenuated primary tumor growth with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Blocking Cxcl5 with an antagonist of its receptor Cxcr2, SB225002, also reduced SCC lung metastasis.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Current chemotherapeutic drugs cannot meet the treatment needs of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), so urgent action is needed to discover novel chemotherapeutic agents. Our previous study revealed that garcinone E (GE) inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of NPC, suggesting that the compound might display promising anticancer activity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the mechanism underlying the anti-NPC activity of GE for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For MTS assay, NPC cells were treated with 2.5-20 µmol/L GE or dimethyl sulfoxide for 24, 48, and 72 h. Colony formation capacity, cell cycle distribution, and in vivo xenograft experiment of GE were assessed. MDC staining, StubRFP-sensGFP-LC3 observation, LysoBrite Blue staining, and immunofluorescence examined the autophagy of NPC cells after GE exposure. Western blotting, RNA-sequencing, and RT-qPCR measured protein and mRNA levels. RESULTS: GE suppressed cell viability with an IC50 of 7.64, 8.83 and 4.65 µmol/L for HK1, HONE1 and S18 cells. GE inhibited colony formation and cell cycle, increased autophagosome number, and inhibited the autophagic flux partially by blocking lysosome-autophagosome fusion, and repressed S18 xenograft growth. GE dysregulated the expression of autophagy- and cell cycle-related proteins such as Beclin-1, SQSTM1/p62, LC3, CDKs, and Cyclins. Bioinformatics GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of RNA-seq showed that autophagy was enriched in differentially expressed genes upon GE treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: GE acts as an autophagic flux inhibitor, which may have potential chemotherapeutic use for NPC treatment and may have an application in basic research to explore the mechanisms of autophagy.
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Apoptosis , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Autofagia , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologíaRESUMEN
Long-term management of inflammatory skin diseases is challenging because of side effects from repeated use of systemic treatments or topical corticosteroids. This study sought to identify the mechanisms and developmental therapeutics for these diseases using genetic models and pharmacological approaches. We found that mice overexpressing SMAD7 in keratinocytes but not mice overexpressing the N-terminal domain of SMAD7 (i.e., N-SMAD7) were resistant to imiquimod-induced T helper 1/17- and T helper 2-type inflammation. We generated a Tat-PYC-SMAD7 (truncated SMAD7 protein encompassing C-terminal SMAD7 and PY motif fused with cell-penetrating Tat peptide). Topically applied Tat-PYC-SMAD7 to inflamed skin entered cells upon contact and attenuated imiquimod-, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-, and tape-stripping-induced inflammation. RNA-sequencing analyses of mouse skin exposed to these insults showed that in addition to inhibiting TGFß/NF-κB, SMAD7 blunted IL-22/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and associated pathogenesis, which is due to SMAD7 transcriptionally upregulating IL-22 antagonist IL-22RA2. Mechanistically, SMAD7 facilitated nuclear translocation and DNA binding of C/EBPß to IL22RA2 promoter for IL22RA2 transactivation. Consistent with the observations in mice mentioned earlier, transcript levels of IL22RA2 were increased in human atopic dermatitis and psoriasis lesions with clinical remission. Our study identified the anti-inflammation functional domain of SMAD7 and suggests the mechanism and feasibility for developing SMAD7-based biologics as a topical therapy for skin inflammatory disorders.
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Dermatitis , Psoriasis , Receptores de Interleucina , Ratones , Humanos , Animales , Imiquimod/farmacología , Proteína smad7/genética , Piel/patología , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Psoriasis/genética , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Dermatitis/patología , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Fenotipo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
A boy, aged 16 months, attended the hospital due to head and facial erythema for 15 months and vulva erythema for 10 months with aggravation for 5 days. The boy developed perioral and periocular erythema in the neonatal period and had erythema and papules with desquamation and erosion in the neck, armpit, and trigone of vulva in infancy. Blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis; the analysis of amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles for inherited metabolic diseases and the analysis of organic acid in urine suggested multiple carboxylase deficiency; genetic testing showed a homozygous mutation of c.1522C>T(p.R508W) in the HLCS gene. Finally the boy was diagnosed with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and achieved a good clinical outcome after oral biotin treatment. This article analyzes the clinical data of a child with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and summarizes the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this child, so as to provide ideas for clinicians to diagnose this rare disease.
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Deficiencia de Holocarboxilasa Sintetasa , Humanos , Masculino , Biotina/genética , Biotina/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Holocarboxilasa Sintetasa/genética , Deficiencia de Holocarboxilasa Sintetasa/diagnóstico , Deficiencia de Holocarboxilasa Sintetasa/tratamiento farmacológico , Homocigoto , Mutación , Enfermedades Raras/tratamiento farmacológico , LactanteRESUMEN
Velvet antler is a traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological values, which is an important raw material for traditional Chinese medicinal wine. Nevertheless, the chemical compositions and bioactivities of velvet antler residue used for making medicinal wine are rarely reported, leading to a waste of resources. In this study, a velvet antler protein (VA-pro) was extracted from velvet antler residue by simulating the gastrointestinal digestion, and its composition, structural characteristics and in vivo anti-tumor activities were determined and investigated. VA-pro possessed high purity with a relatively low molecular weight as 22.589 kDa under HPLC, one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis, and it contained high contents of Pro, Gly, Glu and Ala. Besides, the secondary structure of VA-pro was dominated by ß-turn and ß-sheet, and VA-pro possessed similar protein sequence, isoelectric point and amino acid compositions to hypothetical protein G4228_020061. The in vivo results substantiated that VA-pro could improve the body weights and immune organ indices, increase the expressions of sera cytokines and regulate the distributions of T and B lymphocytes subsets in peripheral blood of S180 tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, VA-pro could effectively inhibit solid S180 tumors growth by inducing S phase cell cycle arrest mediated through mitochondria. To summarize, our study provided theoretical support that VA-pro had the potential to be used as an immunopotentiator in immunocompromised or cancer-bearing hosts.
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Cuernos de Venado , Neoplasias , Ratones , Animales , Cuernos de Venado/química , Cuernos de Venado/metabolismo , Peso Molecular , Proteínas/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMEN
Biogenetics plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder in adolescents. Various genetic polymorphism studies have updated the understanding of adolescent depressive disorder. However, due to the influence of gene-environment interaction and age of puberty, the influence of gene polymorphisms on adolescent depressive disorder is complicated to clarify. Investigating and clarifying the relationship between gene polymorphisms and adolescent depressive disorder will promote the research on the pathogenesis of this disorder and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of this disorder. This article reviews the genetic polymorphisms related to adolescent depressive disorder.
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Humanos , Adolescente , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Interacción Gen-Ambiente , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Predisposición Genética a la EnfermedadRESUMEN
A boy, aged 16 months, attended the hospital due to head and facial erythema for 15 months and vulva erythema for 10 months with aggravation for 5 days. The boy developed perioral and periocular erythema in the neonatal period and had erythema and papules with desquamation and erosion in the neck, armpit, and trigone of vulva in infancy. Blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis; the analysis of amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles for inherited metabolic diseases and the analysis of organic acid in urine suggested multiple carboxylase deficiency; genetic testing showed a homozygous mutation of c.1522C>T(p.R508W) in the HLCS gene. Finally the boy was diagnosed with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and achieved a good clinical outcome after oral biotin treatment. This article analyzes the clinical data of a child with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency and summarizes the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this child, so as to provide ideas for clinicians to diagnose this rare disease.
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Humanos , Masculino , Lactante , Biotina/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Holocarboxilasa Sintetasa/tratamiento farmacológico , Homocigoto , Mutación , Enfermedades Raras/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is becoming increasingly common in adolescents and seriously affects their physical and mental health, and it is also a major risk factor for suicide among adolescents. NSSI has now become a public health issue of general concern; however, the identification of cognitive dysfunction in NSSI is still based on neuropsychological cognitive assessment and subjective questionnaire assessment, with a lack of objective evaluation indicators. As a method for studying the cognitive neural mechanism of NSSI, electroencephalography is a reliable tool for finding objective biomarkers of NSSI. This article reviews the recent research on electrophysiology associated with cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with NSSI.
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Humanos , Adolescente , Conducta Autodestructiva , Disfunción Cognitiva , Electroencefalografía , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
ObjectiveTo analyze the induction effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins Glucose-regulating protein 78(GRP78) and X-box binding protein 1(XBP1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to explore its potential mechanism and clinical significance. MethodsESCC cells KYSE150 and KYSE140 were infected with Fn for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The oxidative stress indexes (ROS, MDA and SOD) and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 in each group were detected by oxidative stress index kit and Western blot. The experiment was divided into Fn groups, Fn+siNC1 groups, Fn+siGRP78 groups, Fn+siNC2 groups and Fn+siXBP1 groups; the oxidative stress indexes, paclitaxel (PTX) response efficacy, abilities of proliferation, invasion and metastasis in each group were compared. The infection of Fn and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 in 234 ESCC and paracancerous tissues were detected by RNA scope and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between each factor and clinicopathological characteristics of patients was analyzed by Chi-square test. The influence of each factor on the survival of patients was compared by Kaplan-meier survival estimate. ResultsCompared with Fn uninfected KYSE150 and KYSE140 cells, the content of ROS and MDA was gradually increased, the activity of SOD was gradually decreased, and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 was gradually increased in Fn infected groups (12 h, 24 h and 48 h) (P < 0.05). Compared with Fn groups, Fn+siNC1 groups, and Fn+siNC2 groups, ROS and MDA contents were decreased, SOD activity was increased, PTX response efficacy was enhanced, and abilities of proliferation, invasion and metastasis were decreased in Fn+siGRP78 and Fn+siXBP1 groups (P < 0.05). The rates of Fn, GRP78 and XBP1 in ESCC tissues were 43.16%, 69.66% and 60.68%, respectively. And the three indexes were significantly consistent (P < 0.05). The patients with positive Fn infection and high expression of GRP78 and XBP1 were mostly males with a history of smoking and drinking, and the tumor differentiation degree was low, the invasion degree was deep, the lymph node metastasis rate was high, and the clinical stage was mostly stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ. The 5-year survival time of patients with above positive indexes was shortened (P < 0.05). ConclusionsFn could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress by inducing the high expression of GRP78 and XBP1, and promote the malignant evolution of ESCC.
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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation for chronic low back pain.Materials and methods: Eleven databases were searched from their inception through January 2021. The primary outcomes were pain intensity, individual activities, quality of life, and adverse events. Results: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 184 patients (mean age: 37.8±3.1 years; range, 35 to 50 years) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled effect size showed proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, relieved pain (standard means difference [SMD]: -0.835, 95% CI: -1.139 to -0.531, p<0.001, n=4), and improved individual activity (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, SMD: -1.765, 95% CI: -2.642 to -0.888, p<0.001, n=2; Oswestry Disability Index, SMD: -0.893, 95% CI: -1.434 to -0.352, p=0.001, n=1) for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Conclusion: This study verified that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation could relieve pain and improve individual activities without serious adverse events in patients with CLBP; however, it should be cautiously recommended due to the small number of included RCTs.
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BACKGROUND: There is accumulating evidence of the associations between age-related eye diseases (AREDs) and smoking or dietary factors. We aimed to provide an umbrella review of the published literature pertaining to smoking or dietary intake as risk factors for major AREDs including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: We searched for pertinent systematic reviews or meta-analyses in PubMed and Web of Science until 16 April 2022. We reperformed the meta-analysis of each association using random effects models. The heterogeneity and 95% prediction interval were calculated. The presence of small-study effect or excess significance bias was also assessed. RESULTS: In total, 64 associations from 25 meta-analyses and 41 associations from 10 qualitative systematic reviews were evaluated. There was convincing (class I) evidence for only one association, namely current smoking and cataract. Two factors had highly suggestive (class II) evidence, namely ever smoking associated with cataract and fish consumption associated with AMD. We also found suggestive (class III) evidence for associations between the dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C and the risk of cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking as a risk factor for cataract was the most robust association we identified. We also identified several dietary elements associated with AREDs. Large prospective studies are warranted to further examine the associations discussed in this review. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022339082.