Assessment of Sirtuin 3 and Sirtuin 4 Level in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis: A Clinical Study.

AIM: Periodontitis is considered as infection in periodontal supporting structure leading to tooth mobility and ulcerated periodontal pockets. The present study was conducted to assess Sirtuin 3 (SIRT 3) and SIRT 4 level in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 60 subjects. Subjects were divided into four groups, groups I to IV. Each group comprised of 15 subjects. In all subjects, fasting blood glucose level was assessed. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The SIRT 3 and SIRT 4 were estimated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: In group I, mean age was 44.13 ± 1.35 years, in group II, it was 43.53 ± 1.45 years, in group III it was 43.93 ± 1.22 years, and in group IV, it was 44.47 ± 0.74 years. The mean BOP score was significantly higher in group IV (5.74 ± 0.30) compared with group I (1.92 ± 0.44), group II (2.25 ± 0.22), and group III (5.31 ± 0.54). A statistically significant (p < 0.001) difference was observed in mean PI score in group I (2.25 ± 0.23), group II (2.26 ± 0.13), group III (4.37 ± 0.60), and group IV (3.25 ± 0.16). Mean GI score was significantly higher in group IV (8.89 ± 0.89) as compared with group I (0.78 ± 0.23), group II (0.95 ± 0.18), and group III (8.69 ± 1.13). A statistically significant difference was seen in mean CAL in group III (5.66 ± 0.64) and group IV (6.37 ± 0.30). Mean fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) in group I was 80.40 ± 13.05, in group II, it was 160.40 ± 27.20, in group III, it was 77.00 ± 12.78, and in group IV, it was 264.20 ± 53.17. The nonsignificant mean expression of SIRT 3 was seen in group I (29.20 ± 3.14), group II (29.19 ± 2.18), group III (28.89 ± 2.77), and group IV (29.59 ± 5.82). In group I, the mean level of SIRT 4 was 28.93 ± 12.55, in group II, it was 28.82 ± 9.14, in group III, it was 28.88 ± 6.03, and in group IV, it was 29.05 ± 10.68. CONCLUSION: Association of DM and periodontitis is well known. The SIRT 3 and SIRT 4 are useful indicators of glycemic level in patients with DM. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The SIRT 3 and SIRT 4 in DM show variation in their level. Early assessment may be proved beneficial in patients who are not responding to other drugs.

Evaluation of new technique of sterilization using biological indicator.

BACKGROUND: A novel technique of sterilization of endodontic files is introduced in this article. AIMS: Newly introduced sterilization unit, named "SteriFast" is compared with autoclave and glass bead sterilizer using biological indicator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spore strips of Bacillus pumilus were cultured in nutrient broth. This cultured media was used to contaminate the experimental samples of endodontic files. These contaminated files were sterilized using three different techniques. The sterilized files were transferred into nutrient medium under aseptic condition. The results were observed after 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days. RESULTS: The results showed that autoclave and new sterilization device (SteriFast) showed complete sterilization. The files sterilized using glass bead sterilizer showed bacterial growth (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it proves that autoclave and SteriFast are ideal techniques of sterilization of endodontic files. Glass bead sterilizer does not completely sterilize the files. The article also compares SteriFast and autoclave in other aspects such as its design, basic principle, advantages, and disadvantages. The article also describes features and design of SteriFast, used for all kind of small dental instruments.