Ultrastructural changes in the small intestine of suckling mice, caused by vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease.

Suckling mice aged 4-5 days were injected with Vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease and ultrastructural changes in their small intestine were studied after 5 h. The preparation caused a statistically significant accumulation of fluid in the intestine, appearance of large gaps along cell-cell spaces in the villi and crypts, intense production and secretion of the mucus by goblet cells. The formation of interepithelial cavities was paralleled by vascular changes, supplemented by extravasal disorders caused by mast cell reaction. The role of enterochromaffin cells and lipofibroblasts, modulating the secretion in the intestine, is confirmed.

Ultrastructural evidence of invasive activity of Vibrio cholerae.

The development of experimental cholera in suckling rabbits is associated with typical cholerogenic syndrome: the presence of Vibrio cholerae in the blood, bile (in 60 and 70% cases, respectively), small and large intestine (in 100% cases). Simultaneously with enterocyte desquamation and increased permeability of the blood-enterocyte barrier, the vibrios are released into villous stroma and then into the microcirculatory bed. the zot toxin is involved in the mechanism of Vibrio cholerae invasion, the corresponding gene is present in the genome of the studied strain.

Ultrastructural changes in small intestinal lipofibroblasts of suckling rabbits with experimental cholera.

Ultrastructural analysis of the jejunum in suckling rabbits showed that lipofibroblasts localized in the submucosa and adjacent to crypts contain lipid inclusions (granules) with typical "melting" surface. Lipofibroblasts contained moderately widened cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and few mitochondria with dense matrix and poorly developed cristae. Experimental cholera was usually accompanied by a decrease in the number of lipid inclusions, and only in some cases by accumulation of lipid material. Our results suggest that the material accumulated in granules plays a role in the pathogenesis of cholera.

Ultrastructural changes in smooth muscle cells of the small intestine in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera.

Ultrastructural study of the small intestine in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera revealed involvement of the inner and outer smooth muscle layers into the pathological process. Smooth muscle cells were characterized by vacuolar and fatty degeneration and focal colliquative necrosis. Apoptosis played little role in gastrointestinal motility disturbances. The presence of considerable amounts of fluid in intestinal loops reflects peristaltic dysfunction due to generalized damage to smooth muscle cells.

[Coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori and their role in human pathology]. / Kokkovidnye formy Helicobacter pylori i ikh rol' v patologii cheloveka.

Most helocobacteria die as a result of eradication therapy. However, a negligible amount of them revert to the non-cultivated state and remain in the form of coccoids. Based on the literature analysis it has been proved that coccoid forms of H. pylori are viable and their basic properties are similar to those of vegetative helocobacteria forms. It has been suggested for the first time that it is necessary to find therapeutic means for having an impact on helocobacteria, which are in the coccoid form, in addition to standard methods of treatment of helicobacteriosis and its consequences.

Ultrastructural peculiarities of intranuclear inclusions in some target cells during endotoxin shock.

Intranuclear inclusions detected in hepatic, renal, and cerebral cells during endotoxemia can be subdivided into true and pseudo inclusions. True inclusions have filamentous and crystalline structure and are rarely found in control animals. However, the number of true inclusions increases during pathology and can serve as a marker of molecular pathology in the cells provoked by endotoxin.

[Ultrastructural changes of gastric superficial epithelium cells in chronic Helicobacter gastritis]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia kletok poverkhnostnogo épiteliia zheludka pri khronicheskom khelikobakternom gastrite.

Electron-microscopic investigations were carried out in 22 specimens of biopsy material from pyloric and fundal parts of the stomach in patients with chronic Helicobacter gastritis. In 6 cases of normal mucosa Helicobacter pylori (HP) was absent both in the antrum and fundus. In chronic antral gastritis HP was found in both regions. Variants of HP adhesion to the epithelium and its interactions were studied. It is demonstrated that HP may penetrate into intercellular spaces and cell cytoplasm. Cell reciprocal reaction to adhesion and invasion was accompanied by hyperplasia of the microvilli, clasmatosis and "selfsanation" phenomenon. Differences between ultrastructural changes in the antrum and fundus were considered.

[Role of genetic features of Helicobacter pylori in development of inflammation of the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis and ulcer disease]. / Rol' geneticheskikh osobennostei Helicobacter pylori v razvitii vospaleniia slizistoi obolochki zheludka pri khronicheskom gastrite i iazvennoi bolezni.

This review, which is devoted to the analysis of current data on genetic properties of Helicobacteria, is the first work in the Russian literature summarizing the research results published before and after the sequencing of the genome of two Helicobacter pylori pathogenic strains--26695 and J99. It discloses information about the genetic control of pathogenecity factors and their localization on the chromosome. There is a review of genes participating in the colonization of Helicobacteria, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, urease synthesis, and pH control. Special attention is focused on the problem of so-called "viable" but non-cultured forms of Helicobacter pylori.

[Problem of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori and ways of overcoming it]. / Problema antibiotikorezistentnosti Helicobacter pylori i puti ee preodoleniia.

Application of non-drug treatment methods along with the basic drug therapy can promote the overcoming of antibiotic resistance and contribute to the eradication of H. pylori.

Ultrastructural changes in the nephron and renal protein cleaving function in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera.

Immature nephrons and the presence of a proteolytic system mediating extracellular protein digestion in the epithelium of proximal tubules are characteristic features of renal cortical ultrastructure in intact 10-12-day-old suckling rabbits. Cholera infection is accompanied by intensive cleavage of exogenous protein, which starts in podocytes and is completed in the cytoplasm of the proximal tubule epitheliocytes. Overload to nephron associated (in addition to urine production) with intensive extracellular hydrolysis impairs nephrothelium reactivity and increases its vulnerability to cholera exo- and endotoxins and their mediators.

[Ultrastructure of renal cortex in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera]. / Ul'trastrukturnye osobennosti izmenenii korkovogo veshchestva pochek krolikov-sosunkov pri éksperimental'noi kholere.

Development of experimental cholera in suckling rabbits is associated with appearance of alterations in glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of renal cortex. Ultrastructural changes of nephrons appear in the adhesion period and progress 24 hours later. In this case, particular vulnerability of the kidneys is associated with insufficient development of principal stages both in the cavity and membrane digestion in the gut, therefore, the kidney plays a role of one of the components of the protein-splitting system in the organism.

[The ultrastructural bases of multiple organ failure in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock]. / Ul'trastrukturnye osnovy poliorgannoi nedostatochnosti v patogeneze éndotoksinovogo shoka.

The paper presents ultrastructural characteristics of polyvisceral lesions underlying organ insufficiency in endotoxin shock, demonstrates the role of initial intracellular changes in target organs in the mechanism of generalized disorders caused by endotoxin action.

[The ultrastructural bases of disorders in the vascular plexuses of the lateral cerebral ventricles in rats under the action of endotoxin]. / Ul'trastrukturnye osnovy narushenii v sosudistykh spleteniiakh bokovykh zheludochkov golovnogo mozga krys pri deistvii éndotoksina.

Using method of electron microscopy, the ultrastructural changes in epithelium and capillaries of the vascular plexuses of the brain lateral ventricles in rats after intravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin were studied. The dynamics of ultrastructural disorders during endotoxemia and epithelial cells alterations depending on microcirculatory bed conditions were shown.