[Fatal dengue fever]. / Likhoradka denge s letal'nym iskhodom.

Dengue fever is acute zooanthroponic infection from a group of vector-borne viral hemorrhagic fevers. Since 2013, Russia has introduced the mandatory registration of dengue fever cases. The paper presents data on the epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of Dengue fever and describes a case of a fatal outcome in severe dengue fever and morphological changes in organs and tissues.

Detection of causative agents of tick-borne rickettsioses in Western Siberia, Russia: identification of Rickettsia raoultii and Rickettsia sibirica DNA in clinical samples.

OBJECTIVES: The main causative agent of tick-borne rickettsioses in Siberia is considered to be Rickettsia sibirica; however, only a few cases have been genetically confirmed. Other pathogenic species of Rickettsia have been detected in ixodid ticks in Western Siberia. The aim of this study was to detect the aetiological agents of tick-borne rickettsioses in Western Siberia and compare their clinical manifestations. METHODS: A total of 273 blood and 44 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 273 patients hospitalized because of tick-transmitted infection in April-September 2016 were examined for the presence of Rickettsia spp., using nested PCR with subsequent sequencing. RESULTS: DNA of Rickettsia spp. was found in samples from 10 patients. The gltA gene fragment sequence analysis revealed R. sibirica DNA in seven patients (blood samples) and Rickettsia raoultii DNA in three patients (two blood and one CSF sample). Most patients infected with R. sibirica showed typical clinical symptoms, including high-grade fever (38.9-39.5°Ð¡), myalgia, rash, eschar at the site of the tick bite, and elevated levels of serum aminotransferases. In contrast, patients infected with R. raoultii showed nonspecific symptoms with short-term fever (37.2-37.7°Ð¡); one patient had a short episode of meningeal syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first finding of R. raoultii DNA in clinical samples from Russian patients. The clinical manifestations of this rickettsiosis were nonspecific and differed from those caused by R. sibirica.

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF ACUTE VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS IN ADULTS, RESIDENTS OF NOVOSIBIRSK.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the clinical and laboratory features of acute viral gastroenteritis in adult patients the residents of Novosibirsk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 363 patients aged 16 to 82 years hospitalized with a diagnosis of"acure gastroenteriris" in the winter-spring season 2016 and with no evidence of immunosuppression were examined. In addition to generally accepted diagnostic techniques faeces were investigated using polymerase chain reaction for the detection and differentiation group A and C rotaviruses (HRVA and HRVC), I norovirus genogroup II (HNoV Gil) and astroviruses (HAstV) with applying the original set of specific primers. RESULTS: Viral etiology has been set at 19,6% of patients with acute gastroenteritis. Noroviruses were predominant (10,2%), the proportion of rotavirus was 7,7%, astroviruses - 1,7%. The proportion of viral gastroenteritis was higher in the winter months and decreased in spring months. The moderate form of the disease dominated (99.4%). No significant differences in clinical symptoms, blood count and coprogram parameters were revealed in patients with different etiology of viral gastroenteritis, except the higher frequency of lymphocytosis in norovirus infection (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: Set frequency of viral gastroenteritis in adults, no significant differences in the clinical picture of viral gastroenteritis of various etiologies determine the necessity of elaboration and introduction into clinical practice of universal test systems for the detection of common viral pathogens.

[Glucose, glycotoxins, and protein glycation products: the role in pathogensis].

Arteriosclerosis and atheromatosis are etiologically and pathogenetically different non-physiological processes in atherosclerosis localized in the proximal segments of the arterial bed and elastic-type arteries; both affect the structure and function of the arterial wall. They cause an inflammatory reaction with subsequent compaction (sclerosing) of the walls of large and mid-size arteries, the loss of their elasticity due to structural changes in the loose connective tissue of intima-media, impaired elasticity and enhanced rigidity of the wall, inflammation, fibrosis, and increased pulse wave conduction velocity. Arteriosclerosis is initiated by long-term hyperglycemia, chemical collagen and elastin glycation by glucose and its metabolites (glycotoxins glyoxal and methylglyoxal) forming cross-links between collagen and elastin fibers. In contrast, atheromatosis as the main manifestation of atherosclerosis affects elastic-type arteries via accumulation of intimal lipids (cholesterol-esterified essential unsaturated and polyenic fatty acids, plaque formation at the sites of macrophage deposition in intima, necrotic and calcinotic foci. Atheromatosis does not affect collageous and elastic structures in the arterial wall. Arteriosclerosis and atheromatosis are two independent pathological processes in the walls of elastic-type arteries. Arteriosclerosis results from glycation of collagen and elastin chains in muscular-type arterioles, postarterioles, endothelium, and pericytes of exchangeable capillaries. Microangiopathy initiates only glycation and glycotoxin action because muscular-type arterioles have no intima, an interstitial tissue for the collection and utilization of biological "rubbish" from blood and intravascular pool of intercellular medium.

[Multifactorial evaluation of endogenous intoxication in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C].

The integral laboratory indices of endogenous intoxication (EI) (effective albumin concentration (EAC) and albumin binding reserve (ABR)) were studied in 104 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in the context of data on the current manifestations of the disease and the pattern of and association between different types of somatic pathology and toxic exposures. The patients with CHC were found to have significant changes in EI indices as compared with the control group wherein the indices were steady-state during conventional pathogenetic therapy. There was no clear correlation between the clinical symptoms of intoxication and EAC and ABR. More considerable changes were ascertained in CHC patients with degenerative diseases, biliary system diseases, and chronic constipation and in those with the signs of negative changes in the body's responsiveness.

[Serum albumin binding capacity values in the clinical evaluation of endogenous intoxication in acute viral hepatitis].

The fluorescence technique was used to determine the effective albumin concentration (EAC) and albumin binding reserve (ABR) in 130 patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B in order to establish their values in the evaluation of endogenous intoxication (EI). The most considerable EAC and ABR reduction was found in patients with previous comorbidity and with negative responsiveness changes underlying a high baseline EI level. Despite the resolution of the clinical symptoms of intoxication, the long existence of EAC and ABR changes in the course of the disease in these patients is associated with the tension of the body's key systems in impaired somatic regulation and determines the increased consumption of defense reserves and their rapid exhaustion. Thus, the informative value of the study biochemical parameters of EI increased within the multifactor system of its clinical evaluation.

Insights into the role of anaplerosis in insulin secretion: A 13C NMR study.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Defining mechanisms and enzymatic paths critical to fuel-regulated insulin secretion are key goals of diabetes research. In this study, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and isotopomer analysis were used to investigate the link between insulin secretion and metabolic pathways associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To this end, four insulinoma cell lines (betaTC3, betaTC-tet, INS-1 [832/13], R7T1) and porcine islets were examined under a variety of culture conditions (i.e. presence vs absence of amino acids and sera, and low vs high glucose). RESULTS: Glucose consumption, insulin release, and glutamate isotopomeric patterns were influenced by media complexity (e.g. PBS, plain culture media, fully supplemented culture media). The 13C-labelled metabolites increased with media complexity and increasing glucose concentration, with the notable exception of aspartate, which was always higher under low-glucose conditions. The 13C-glutamate isotopomeric fractions were fitted to metabolic models to estimate the relative metabolic fluxes to the TCA cycle through key enzymatic processes. These indices of metabolism were compared with insulin secretion to determine correlative links. A model containing a single pool of pyruvate, an entrance to the TCA cycle via the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and two anaplerotic entrances, one through pyruvate carboxylase and another through an undefined (by the modelling program) source, provided the best fit to the data under all conditions tested, for all cell lines. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: On the basis of our findings, a strong correlation may exist between stimulated insulin secretion and non-pyruvate carboxylase anaplerosis for the four cell lines examined in this study.

[About different mechanisms of the biochemical adaptation of mycelial fungi to temperature stress: changes in cytosol carbohydrate composition]. / O razlichnykh mekhanizmakh biokhimicheskoi adaptatsiimitselial'nykh gribov k temperaturnomu stressu: izmeneniia v sostave uglevodov tsitozolia.

The effect of temperature stress on the cytosol carbohydrate composition of fungi belonging to various systematic groups was investigated. In Mucorales representatives (subkingdom Eomycota, phylum Archemycota, class Zygomycetes), adaptation to hypo- and hyperthermia occurs via the regulation of trehalose synthesis, although inositol is also involved in these processes in Blakeslea trispora. Basidiomycota (subkingdom Neomycota) use two pathways of biochemical adaptation, depending on the cytosol carbohydrate composition. In the absence of sucrose, glycerol and arabitol are involved in the adaptation to hyperthermia; trehalose accumulates under hypothermic conditions (type I of regulation). Type II regulation (revealed in Pleurotus ostreatus) involves sucrose rather than glycerol or arabitol. The data obtained are discussed in terms of fungal systematics and phylogeny.

[About different mechanisms of the biochemical adaptation of mycelial fungi to temperature stress: changes in lipids composition]. / O razlichnykh mekhanizmakh biochimicheskoi adaptatsii mitselial'nykh gribov k temperaturnomu stressu: izmeneniia v sostave lipidov.

A comparative study was conducted concerning the effect of temperature stress on the lipid composition of representatives of the subkingdoms Eomycota and Neomycota. Changes in the composition of lipid acyl chains (such as saturation and desaturation, isomerization, and changes in the length of fatty acid carbon chains), in the phospholipid composition, and in the contents of sterols and other neutral lipids were revealed. Hyperthermia resulted in (i) an increase in the phosphatidylcholine level; (ii) a decrease in the phosphatidylethanolamine level; (iii) a rise in the content of reserve lipids (triacylglycerols); and (iv) a decline in the free fatty acid level in the neutral lipids. An inverse pattern occurred under hypothermic conditions. The peculiarities in the patterns of the temperature adaptation-related changes in the lipid bilayer composition are considered in terms of the systematic position of the fungi.

[The use of immunoblotting for studying Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) antigens]. / Primenenie immunoblotinga dlia izucheniia antigenov Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884).

Opisthorchis somatic, metabolic, and tegumental antigens were studied by using immunoblotting. It was shown that among several antigenic components, only the somatic protein with a molecular weight of about 100 kD failed to react with noninvased human sera.

[Some problems in the complex design of flexible medical endoscopes]. / Nekotorye voprosy kompleksnoi razrabotki gibkikh meditsinskikh éndoskopov.

A multiple approach to developing national flexible medical endoscopes and efforts to provide their production permit one to expand the range of functional endoscopes and to form the basis of new completed units and unified designs of the major blocks.