RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder neoplasms constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse clinical behaviors and outcomes. Understanding the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer is vital for personalized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This prospective observational study aimed to comprehensively investigate the clinicopathological correlations and prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers in urinary bladder neoplasms. METHODS: A cohort of 174 patients diagnosed with urinary bladder neoplasm participated in this study. Clinicopathological data, including demographic information, medical history, imaging findings, and histopathological reports, were collected from the patient records. Tissue samples obtained from transurethral resection or biopsy were subjected to molecular biomarker analysis using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular profiling techniques. Longitudinal follow-up assessments were conducted to monitor disease progression, recurrence, and overall survival. RESULT: Out of 174 patients diagnosed with bladder neoplasms, the mean age of the patients was 62.4 years (±8.7), indicating that the study cohort primarily comprised elderly individuals. The majority of patients were male (126, 72.4%), reflecting the higher prevalence of bladder cancer among men compared to women. Preliminary analysis revealed significant associations between clinicopathological parameters, molecular biomarker expression profiles, and clinical outcomes in patients with urinary bladder neoplasms. Elevated expression levels of specific biomarkers such as tumor protein p53 (p53), Ki-67, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) were observed in advanced tumor stages (p < 0.001) and higher histological grades (p < 0.05), indicating their potential prognostic significance. Furthermore, genetic alterations detected using molecular profiling techniques, including chromosomal gains and losses, were significantly correlated with aggressive disease phenotypes and increased recurrence risk (p < 0.01). Longitudinal follow-up data demonstrated that patients with elevated biomarker expression levels or genetic alterations had poorer treatment responses and shorter overall survival durations than those with lower biomarker expression levels. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of integrating clinicopathological parameters and molecular biomarker data for the risk stratification, treatment selection, and prognostic assessment of urinary bladder neoplasms.
RESUMEN
Conditions affecting the upper digestive system are often seen in clinical practice and are associated with a high rate of death and disability. Histopathological confirmation is one of the foundations for good treatment planning and the definite diagnosis of illnesses of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The numerous methods employed in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions have come a long way in the previous 25 years. The identification and diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions have been substantially aided by the development of endoscopy, endoscopic biopsy, and other surgical techniques. This research aimed to examine the variety of gastrointestinal tract (GI) lesions and to draw connections between the clinical and pathological manifestations of these conditions. Materials and Methods: A two-year cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, from June 2018 to May 2020, which included surgical specimens of 140 cases from the upper gastrointestinal tract, of which 111 cases were biopsy, and 29 cases were resected surgical specimens. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Furthermore, P values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. Results: This study was a two-year cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology during the period of June 2018-May 2020.