Relationship of Carbohydrate Metabolism and Molecular Genetic Markers in Gliomas with Different Degree of Anaplasia.

We examined postoperative material from 28 patients aged 39-61 years with gliomas of different degrees of anaplasia (the diagnosis was histologically verified according to the WHO classification of CNS tumors) who had not previously received antitumor treatment. In glioma tissue, the glucose concentration was significantly higher than in the brain tissue of subjects dead from traumas (control), while lactate concentration did not differ from that in the control group or was lower. Hexokinase activity demonstrated a tendency to an increase in grade I and significant elevation in grades II and III, while in grade IV gliomas, this parameter did not differ from the control. Activities of the pentose-phosphate pathway enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase increased with increasing of tumor anaplasia. Activity of glycogen synthase 3ß kinase was significantly higher than in the control group. IDH1 mutation was discovered in 40% cases, the MGMT promoter methylation was detected in more than 50%, the Ki-67 level increased with increasing tumor anaplasia. The most significant correlations with glioma markers were detected for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase 3ß kinase. Activities of the studied enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism significantly correlated with Ki-67 marker.

Relationship of Molecular Genetic Tumor Marker IDH with Oxidative Status in Gliomas.

The presence of mutations in the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), parameters of pro- and antioxidant activity in glioma tumor tissue, and their correlation were studied using bioinformatic analysis using STRING, IntAct, BioGrid, UniProt, SwissProt databases. The rate of detection of IDH1 gene mutations varied in different degree of anaplasia, being maximum in grade III gliomas. The intensity of free radical oxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the tumor tissue were significantly higher than in the control. The dependence of these parameters on the degree of anaplasia was shown. Mutations in IDH1 are associated with a decrease in antioxidant activity in the tissues of gliomas, which is critically important for the initial diagnosis, the choice of treatment options, and prediction of patient survival.

Clinical significance of acetylcholinesterase activity in brain tumors.

It has been established that the non-neuronal cholinergic system is related to the oncogenesis which increases the attractiveness of its components as the promising markers of oncologic diseases. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the clinical significance of the analysis of the activity of acetyl cholinesterase as a new marker of gliomas. The activity of acetyl cholinesterase was assessed by photo colorimetric analysis according to the Hestrin method recalculating the activity of the enzyme in the tumor tissue per 1 g of protein, and in the blood - by 0.1 g of hemoglobin. The data obtained in the primary tumors of the brain (28) in the tissue of the brain of persons who died as a result of injury (6) and in whole blood of patients with gliomas (28) and practically healthy people (10) were compared with the use of a number of statistical programs. A significant decrease in the activity of acetyl cholinesterase in tumor tissue and in whole blood is revealed as the degree of anaplasia of tumors increases, starting with Grade II. It is for the first time that a significant direct correlation was noted showing the consistency between the decrease in the activity of acetyl cholinesterase in the tumor tissue of the brain and blood. Bioinformatic analysis showed the connection of the enzyme of acetyl cholinesterase with proteins of the PI3K-AKT and Notch signaling pathways providing antiapoptotic and proliferative effects. The found dependences provide new insights into understanding of the mechanisms of gliomas genesis and can be used for selection of new diagnostic markers of brain tumors.

Tumor M2-Pyruvate Kinase, Matrix Carbonic Anhydrase IX, and Metalloproteinase 9 - Novel Prognostic Markers of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using plasma levels of tumor M2-pyruvate kinase (Tu M2-PK), matrix carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in patients with renal cell cancer as predictors of the disease course and the response to treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of blood plasma or serum of 46 patients with clear cell renal cancer T1-4N0-1M0-1 obtained before surgery and 8-9 days after surgery were tested. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy individuals, comparable in age with the examined patients. Quantitative determination of Tu M2-PK in EDTA-added blood plasma was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a ScheBo Tumor M2-PK test (Germany). Determination of CA9 by ELISA was performed using a Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX Quantikine ELISA Kit (USA) and MMP9 - using a Quantikine ELISA Kit (USA). RESULTS: In patients with renal cell carcinoma, a statistically significant increase in the level of Tu M2-PK, CA9 and a statistically significant decrease in MMP9 in comparison with the control group were found. The level of Tu M2-PK in patients with localized kidney cancer was significantly lower than in patients with disseminated cancer. An increase in size of the primary tumor and a decrease in the degree of its differentiation correlated with an increase in Tu M2-PK, and decrease in CA9 and MMP9 in the blood serum. Performing surgery equivalent to nephrectomy did not change the Tu M2-PK levels in the early postoperative period, but caused a decrease in the levels of CA9 and MMP9. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a potential significance of Tu M2-PK, CA9, and MMP9 as biological markers for predicting the disease course in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

The level of Hydrogen Peroxide in HeLa Cells in an Ozonated Medium.

We studied the role of hydrogen peroxide in the response of tumor cells to treatment with ozonated culture medium. Changes of the level of hydrogen peroxide in tumor cells incubated in ozonated medium were detected by using fluorescence microscopy and genetically-encoded sensor HyPer2. Modifications of fluorescent properties of the sensor reflecting accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the cell cytoplasm were detected within 70 min from the start of exposure. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide continued to increase until 375 min. The revealed changes support the involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the cell response to ozone treatment.

[The characteristic of biocenosis of urogenital tract in women].

The article deals with the study of characteristics of biocenosis of urogenital tract in women of reproductive age with using of "Femoflor" test. The scrapings of posterolateral wall of vagina were analyzed using the technique of real-time polymerase chain reaction using the reagents "Femoflor". The complex evaluation of urogenital biota identified three main types of biocenosis of vagina: type I--normocenosis (n = 50 or 11.5%): type II--mild dysbiosis (n = 88 or 21%); type III--marked dysbiosis (n = 133 or 30.6%). In the structure of alterations of biocenosis of urogenital tract the main role play the anaerobic bacteria with involvement of candida, ureoplasma and mcoplasma.

[The implementation of polymerase chain reaction technique: the real time to reveal and differentiate the viruses of human papilloma of high carcinogenic risk].

The polymerase chain reaction technique was applied in "real time" format to evaluate the occurrence rate and infection ratio of various genotypes of human papilloma of high carcinogenic risk in virus-positive women and contact persons. The examination sampling consisted of 738 women aged of 17-50 years. The examination results permitted to establish high percentage of infection of 546 patients (74%) by carcinogenic papilloma viruses. The analysis of detection rate of various genotypes of human papilloma of high carcinogenic risk established that the 56th and 16th types of high carcinogenic risk are revealed more often than others--in 33% and 15.4% correspondingly. In males, first place in occurrence rate is for those types of virus of human papilloma: the 56th n = 10 (33.3%), 16th n = 3 (10%), 45th n = 3 (10%), 51th n = 3 (10%). The rest of genotypes are detected in 3-7% cases.

[Oxidative stress level in patients with rosacea and a rationale for the therapeutic use of an ozone-oxygen mixture].

The paper gives information on the possible involvement of pro- and antioxidant imbalance in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Eighty patients with different clinical types of rosacea were examined; the parameters of primary and intermediate products of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, plasma total antioxidative activity, and protein oxidative modification were studied. Based on the findings, oxidative therapy options for rosacea, treatment with an ozone-oxygen mixture in particular, are proposed.

[Perfluoran influence upon lipids peroxide oxidation and oral fluid antioxidant system activity in patients with chronic generalized parodontitis].

The efficacy of perfluoran submucous administration in the postoperative period in patients with chronic parodontal diseases was studied over the dynamics of indicators of oral fluid antioxidant system and lipids peroxide oxidation. It was established that perfluoran submucous administration during postoperative period increased the efficacy of postoperative wound healing and decreased the risk of disease relapse development.

[Endothelial dysfunction in patients with combined coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The aim of this work was to evaluate functional incompetence of endothelium in patients with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD, stable angina) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to choose the most informative method for the diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction. A total of 103 patients aged 36-66 (mean 57.2 +/- 7.6) years were examined. Group 1 comprised 38 patients with CHD and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Group 2 included 36 patients with stable angina alone, group 3 consisted of 29 patients with COPD without CHD. Attention is focused on the characteristic of endothelial function by instrumental and laboratory methods. Comparative analysis of the severity of endothelial dysfunction in patients of the three groups revealed different mechanisms of plasma nitrogen oxide dynamics in patients with CHD and/or COPD. CHD and COPD caused mutual aggravation (potentiation) of pathological reactions leading to the development of the disease. Blood levels of nitrogen oxide metabolites in patients with cardiovascular problems or with COPD alone did not reflect the actual amount of "vasodilatory" NO. Reactive hyperemia test is believed to be the most informative method for the assessment of endothelial function in patients with CHD and COPD.

[Detection rate of MAGE-A1-A6 mRNA in the peripheral blood of cancer patients].

The mRNA expression of 6 MAGE-A (MAGE-A1-A6) antigens by the tumor focal cells and cancer cells circulating in blood was studied in solid malignant and benign neoplasms. MAGE- A1-A6 mRNA expression was detected in the tumor focal cells in more than 90% of cases of cancer of the breast, lung, and stomach and melanoma cell lines. The detection rate of peripheral blood MAGE-A1-A6-positive tumor cells was 95% in lung cancer, 53% in corpus uteri cancer, 67% in gastric cancer, 63% in breast cancer, 33% in melanoma, and 42% in uterine myoma. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A4 mRNA expression was more commonly observed.

[Effects of beta 1-adrenoblocker bisoprolol on endothelial dysfunction in patients with stable angina pectoris in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

AIM: To study effects of a cardioselective beta-adrenoblocker bisoprolol on vascular wall endothelium and external respiration function in stable angina of effort combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endothelial function and external respiration were studied before and after 4-week treatment with bisoprolol in 36 patients with stable angina and COPD using assessment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDVD) and concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites. RESULTS: Significant improvement of endothelial function was achieved due to bisoprolol 4-week treatment which did not affect external respiration function. CONCLUSION: Bisoprolol is effective and safe drug in the treatment of stable angina combined with COPD. It can noticeably improve endothelial function.

[Role of immunological factors in the diagnosis and prediction of intrauterine fetal infections].

Comparative analysis of the data of immunological examination of pregnant women with markers of genitourinary infections (GUI), by taking into account the etiological factor, has established unidirectional changes in the levels cytokines and neopterin (NP). At the same time, the level of NP in all the groups of examinees with GUI was higher than that of cytokines. The highest content of NP in blood and cervical canal mucus (CCM) was noted in pregnant women with GUI of viral etiology. The changes in NP levels in infections caused by various viruses were similar. The study of the levels of cytokines and NP in the peripheral blood and CCM samples yielded information on the functional activity of different types of immunocompetent cells, the magnitude of an inflammatory process, its transition to the systemic level, and on the prediction of infection development.

[The possibilities of using fiber optic luminescent light sources in medical-biological studies]. / Vozmoshnosti ispol'zovaniia optovolokonnykh liuminestsentnykh istochnikov sveta v mediko-biologicheskikh issledovaniiakh.

The use of optical fibers with luminescent spectrum-displacing admixtures inserted into their core enables the prototherapeutic devices to be designed. The paper provides the principle for designing optofiber luminescent light sources. Experiments with laboratory animals and donor blood have indicated that incoherent homogeneous light may produce effects in regenerating damaged tissue surfaces.

[The effect of low-intensity laser radiation on blood metabolic indices in the postresuscitation period]. / Vliianie nizkointensivnogo lazernogo izlucheniia na nekotorye metabolicheskie pokazateli krovi postreanimatsionnogo perioda.

The effect of He-Ne laser radiation (632.8 nm; 0.3 mW/cm parallel to oxygenation on metabolism indices of blood, taken in early postresuscitation period after discontinuation of hemorrhagic shock was studied in vitro. Compared to oxygenation alone, combined therapy resulted in more marked oxygen consumption of the blood, normalization of plasma antioxidant total activity, superoxydismutase erythrocyte catalase activity, the number of double connections in fatty acid chain of general lipids and membrane viscosity were elevated. Regular dependence of lipid peroxidation on a number of metabolic blood parameters is revealed.