RESUMEN
Cases of tularemia were registered in the Crimea both before and after planned immunization. In 1981-1993 in 4.000 localities 35,100 mammals, 27,400 ectoparasites, 8,800 feces left by birds of prey and foxes and 900 environmental specimens were studied. 137 Francisella tularensis strains were isolated. Field mapping of the spread of F.tularensis and places of habitation of small mammals was carried out. The active polyhostal natural focus of tularemia was found to exist on the Kerch Peninsula, less affected by anthropogenic factors, where tularemia morbidity among humans, and tularemia epizootic coincided with the maximum rises in the number of myomorphs. The core of the focus constituted 2.4% of its area and were characterized by the stable complex of Ixodes ticks and the preservation of F. tularensis in the environment. In other regions of the flat part of the Crimea with considerable anthropogenic transformations of the landscape rises in tularemia epizootics and tularemia morbidity in humans were rare. In the mountainous part of the Crimea tularemia epizootics were registered only by the detection of specific antibodies and antigens.
Asunto(s)
Tularemia/epidemiología , Tularemia/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Antígenos Bacterianos/análisis , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Portador Sano/transmisión , Portador Sano/veterinaria , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Reservorios de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Heces/química , Heces/microbiología , Francisella tularensis/inmunología , Francisella tularensis/aislamiento & purificación , Estaciones del Año , Tularemia/microbiología , Tularemia/transmisión , Ucrania/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
About a hundred of patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were recorded over the latest decade in the Crimea, and 60 TBE virus strains were isolated from the ticks collected on the peninsula. The results of studies carried out in 1986-1990 helped define the borders of 4 local natural foci of TBE, study their acarifauna, detect the principal TBE vector--Ixodes ricinus (with a mean virophority of 0.6%), and distinguish two foci with a combination of TBE and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
Asunto(s)
Vectores Arácnidos , Garrapatas , Altitud , Animales , Vectores Arácnidos/microbiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Ecología , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/aislamiento & purificación , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/transmisión , Femenino , Masculino , Densidad de Población , Estaciones del Año , Garrapatas/microbiología , UcraniaRESUMEN
The immune status of the Crimean population with respect to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus has been studied. The results of the study confirm the existence of natural foci of TBE in the Crimea. The most active and potentially dangerous foci are located in forests of the mountain area of the peninsula. The study has revealed that humans are mainly exposed to the risk of contacting TBE virus infection during their work and rest in the forest.