[Immunological changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during glutoxim therapy]. / Dinamika immunologicheskikh pokazatelei u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh pri lechenii glutoksimom.

The paper deals with the effect of glutoxim included into a preoperative preparation regimen on immunological parameters in patients with fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. On admission, all the patients had inadequate cellular immunity and activated humoral immunity. After termination of a course of glutoxim therapy, there was an increase in the baseline low values of lymphocytic proliferative activity, in the count of mature T lymphocytes, and in the production of IL-2 induced by phytohemagglutinin. At the same time the similar parameters remained unchanged in the control group. The drug exerted the most noticeable stimulating effect on cellular immunity in patients with a limited process. Glutoxim produced no noticeable effect on humoral immunity. The immunomodulating effect of glutoxim was followed by improvement of the clinical and X-ray pictures of the disease. In glutoxim-treated patients with baseline immunological disorders, progression was found to occur 1.5-2 times more infrequently than in the control group. Indications for the use of glutoxim in the treatment of tuberculosis are specified on the basis of the baseline immunological parameters of each patient.

[Glutoxim in the complex treatment of tuberculosis]. / Glutoksim v kompleksnoi terapii tuberkuleza.

Results of Glutoxim investigation are presented. Glutoxim is the the drug of the new class--thiopoietins. It is considered to be immunorehabilitator as it modulates intracellular process of thiols metabolism, initiates cytokins system, activates phagocytosis etc. Results of the glutoxim administration at the 42 patients with tuberculosis using traditional treatment regimes are presented. Results of the randomized study at the patients with severe disseminated drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis demonstrated high efficacy of the glutoxim and its good tolerability. Glutoxim administration allowed to shorten the period of tuberculosis intoxication signs disappearance, to shorten the period of sputum negativation and shortened the period of pulmonary inflammation reverse process. Glutoxim application was specially favorable at the patients with severe tuberculosis complicated by viral or medicamental hepatitis.

[Molecular genetic aspects of the antineoplastic effect of gluthoxim]. / Molekuliarno-geneticheskie aspekty protivoopukholevoi aktivnosti preparata glutoksim.

Gluthoxim--bis(g-L-gluthamyl)-L-cystenyl-bis-glycin disodium salt (C20H32O16N6S2)--is an analog of oxidized gluthation with a stable disulfide bond. It is a drug of a new class of thiopoetins which regulate thiol disulfide metabolism. Gluthoxim is used as a support substance in chemotherapy of cancer. The present investigation deals with feasibility of gluthoxim-induced apoptosis in tumor cell cultures, including human myeloleukema cells HL60 which lack protein p53 gene, so crucial for apoptosis. Also, gluthoxim effect was studied with respect to transformed murine fibroblasts C8 and A4, carrying the plasmide structure with Ras and E1A genes which boost Ras-gene expression. This in turn makes fibroblasts ready to start apoptosis. Gluthoxim induction of cell death was demonstrated in both cell lines; however, apoptosis in cells C8 (with intact gene p53) was much more pronounced than in cells A4 without this gene. It is suggested that apoptosis can be triggered by both imbalance of redox potential typical of tumor cells, induction of p53 synthesis and an impact on the phosphoproteinase cascade of Ras-signal pathway.

[Clinico-experimental basis for regional and systemic administration of thiopoietins in liver cirrhosis. Report I]. / Kliniko-éksperimental'noe obosnovanie regionarnogo i sistemnogo vvedeniia preparatov gruppy tiopoétinov pri tsirroze pecheni: soobshchenie I.

The authors present results of studying the effectiveness of a new class of medicines--preparations of the group "Glutoxim" (Molixan, Redoxell, Bikvolit, Liglutin) obtained on the model of experimental cirrhosis of the liver in 76 white rats caused by dimethylnitrosamin, and describe their first experience with using thiopoietins in 24 patients with cirrhosis of the liver in a surgical clinic. It was found that three weeks of treatment with Molixan and Bikvolit gave a significant hepatoprotecting effect (less amount of the connective tissue, reduction of the dystrophic processes in hepatocytes). A positive effect of Redoxell was shown in longer time of treatment. When used in clinic therapy with thiopoietins was followed by correction of the T-cell link of immunity in most patients. One of the most important results of treatment with medicines of the group of thiopoietins was a substantial improvement of the quality of life of the patients.

[Effectiveness of the glutathione s-transferase assay in diagnosing lung cancer]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti opredeleniia glutation s-transferazy pi kak diagnosticheskogo markera raka lëgkogo.

The paper deals with a description of a procedure of immunoradiometric assay of glutathione S-transferase pi in blood serum. A significantly increased level of said enzyme of more than 9.85 ng/ml in 75% of patients with different cancers of the lung has been established, as compared with non-tumor pathologies. These findings point to the feasibility of application of this enzyme in lung cancer diagnose.

[The laboratory diagnosis of atherogenic disorders in servicemen]. / Laboratornaia diagnostika aterogennykh narushenii u voennosluzhashchikh.

In order to calculate the atherogenic coefficient the authors have made a comparative estimation of methods for determining alfa-cholesterin in serum applying various temperature regimes during sedimentation of beta and pre-beta-lipoproteids. It was found out that the complete sedimentation of beta and pre-beta-lipoproteids could be obtained after incubation of specimen into the ice bath for 30 min. (t 0-4 degrees C) with further centrifugation at room temperature. No differences were disclosed in comparison with the reference method based on refrigerated centrifugation at 2-4 degrees C.

[The molecular mechanisms of exposure to ionizing radiation]. / Molekuliarnye mekhanizmy vozdeistviia ioniziruiushchikh izluchenii.

The article studies biochemical processes which occur in man's organism after the influence of ionizing radiation. The authors thoroughly describe the mechanisms of radioactively induced free radical reactions, radiation injuries of membranes, post-radiation disorders in cellular energy supply and cellular cyclatic system.

[The subcellular distribution of the glutathione system enzymes in the brain tissue of the rat]. / Subkletochnyoe raspredelenie fermentov sistemy glutationa v tkani golovnogo mozga krysy.

Using the percoll density gradient method for rapid isolation of organelles the distribution of glutathione system enzymes in the rat brain was characterized including glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In the fraction of mitochondria, the shares of GPx, GR, and GST were found to be as much as 92, 61, and 15% from their respective general activities. No enzymatic activity was found in lysosomes. Fractions of organelles with low density (microsomes, Golgi complex, cytoplasmic membranes) were cross-contaminated. Nevertheless, on the base of the established dynamics of distribution of the marker enzyme activity among various cell organelles it is suggested that, besides mitochondria, the glutathione system enzymes may be localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than in other organelles.

[Genomic instability and AIDS]. / Nestabil'nost' genoma i SPID.

The biochemical mechanisms underlying blood lymphoid cell genome destabilization in patients with HIV infection have been analyzed. Lymphocytes from HIV patients are characterized by increasing intensity of free radical oxidation together with activation of the xanthine oxidase D-form conversion into the O-form, enhanced activity of UV-endonuclease, and intensification of prooxidant-induced proteolysis. These changes increasing with the progress of the disease with a maximum at the AIDS stage form a metabolic basis for labilization of the lymph cell genome. The degree of biochemical manifestations of genome instability (levels of chromatin degradation products and intensity of formation of one-filament nicks of DNA) increase in the dynamics of HIV-infection. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the author's conception on the origin of AIDS from retroposons (retrotransposons?). A hypothesis is postulated on accumulation of autonomous genetic information on the basis of genome labilization under the influence of genotoxic factors. Clinico-biochemical data on the appearance of HIV proteins (p17, p24) in the blood of patients (previously negative for all HIV markers) in the presence of transfusions of HIV-negative blood and UV-irradiation of the autoblood are also discussed from this standpoint.

[Xanthine oxidase activity in mononuclear cells of human blood]. / Obnaruzhenie ksantinoksidaznoi aktivnosti v mononuklearnykh kletkakh krovi cheloveka.

Xanthine oxidase activity has been revealed in human blood mononuclear cells. The enzyme is found in these cells only after solubilization. This may become the explanation for contradiction with other previous data claiming absence of xanthine oxidase in human blood mononuclears. The level of enzyme activity is 2.76 +/- 0.029 mu mol/g protein.min. The latter is readily inhibited with allopurinol and folic acid.

[The etiopathogenesis of poisonings by the components of technical fluids]. / Etiopatogenez otravlenii komponentami tekhnicheskikh zhidkostei.

The studies of peculiarities of aliphatic alcohol metabolism in etiopathogenesis of acute poisoning with methyl alcohol and ethilenglicol have shown that it was reasonable to apply the inhibitors of alcoholdehydrogenase as a specific antidote in emergency therapy. Inhibitors prevent the formation of toxic products by blocking metabolism of these spirits.

[Ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in the complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Ul'trafioletovoe obluchenie autokrovi v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

A single reinfusion of UV-irradiated autologous blood was performed in 76 patients with non-insulin-dependent (NID) and insulin-dependent (ID) diabetes mellitus. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), activity of glycolysis and pentose cycle principal enzymes, red cell cyclic nucleotides, hormones concentrations, glucose utilization were investigated. It is shown that general physiological action of UV radiation is primarily due to LPO stimulation responsible for changes in cell membrane properties. This action may vary with baseline LPO characteristics. UV radiation is valid in combined therapy of NID diabetes mellitus as it activates intracellular metabolism, reduces concentration of ++contra-insular hormones, improves tissue utilization of glucose. ID diabetes mellitus is contraindication for UV radiation use as additional stimulation of initially high LPO entails inhibition of activity of intracellular enzymatic systems participating in glucose metabolism, leads to low production of endogenous insulin.

[Intracellular metabolism in patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Vnutrikletochnyi metabolizm u bol'nykh insulinzavisimym i insulinnezavisimym tipami sakharnogo diabeta.

Slow infusion of neutral insulin causes in patients with insulin dependent and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus diverse changes in the levels of cAMP, cGMP and the cAMP/cGMP ratio in leukocytes in spite of one-type changes in the concentration of contrainsular hormones in the venous blood: in patients with noninsulin dependent DM a raised cAMP/cGMP factor was lowered whereas in patients with insulin dependent DM it was increased. The authors put forward for discussion the problem of the postreceptor mechanisms of tissue insulin resistance in noninsulin dependent DM and a possibility of the use of the above indices for differential diagnosis of DM types.

[The effect of thymalin on biochemical and immunological indices of lymphocyte differentiation and functional activity]. / Vliianie timalina na biokhimicheskie i immunologicheskie pokazateli differentsirovki i funktsional'noi aktivnosti limfotsitov.

Polypeptide preparation thymalin obtained from thymus was found to normalize the LDH isoenzyme spectrum and cyclase system in lymphocytes of patients. Thymalin contributed also to expression of differentiation antigens on T-lymphocytes surface. As a result of this functional activity of T-lymphocytes was restored, which correlated with improvement of the patients clinical state. Biochemical and immunological patterns of lymphocytes differentiation may be used both in diagnosis and control of treatment efficiency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

[Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors and their effect on major enzymatic systems involved in oxidation of aliphatic alcohols]. / Ingibitory alkogol'degidrogenazy i ikh vliianie na osnovnye fermentnye sistemy, okisliaiushchie alifaticheskie spirty.

Effects of four main inhibitors of rat liver tissue alcohol dehydrogenase (4-methyl pyrasol, dimethyl sulfoxide, amide isovaleric acid and dioxime benzoylacetic aldehyde) were studied. Constants and type of inhibition of these substances were evaluate. Effects of these inhibitors on alternative pathways of aliphatic alcohols oxidation were studied: on microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, catalase, xanthine oxidase and on aldehyde dehydrogenases.

[Mechanisms of the regulation of the conversion of xanthine oxidase in enterocytes exposed to x-irradiation]. / Mekhanizmy reguliatsii konversii ksantinoksidazy v énterotsitakh pri rentgenovskom obluchenii.

X-Irradiation of rats has been shown to change electron acceptor properties of xanthine oxidase of enterocytes the tropism towards NAD being lost and that towards O2 increased. The transformation of xanthine oxidase forms depends on the oxidation level of glutathione. Excess concentrations of hypoxanthine are responsible for the xanthine oxidase O-form functioning.