La muerte y los niños / Children and death

The present article intends to create a more healthy relationship between death and the pediatric patient and, besides, deliver minimal tools to physicians, parents and children, in order to live this experience in a better way. To achieve this purpose, we based our study on bibliographical research and patients-psychologists-physicians experiences from pediatric oncology at our hospital. Piaget defines a clear progression in the child idea of death, ranging from intuition to abstraction. Although language will not be the same in every case, there is no minimum age for a child to deal in its own way with the death of the people who surround him. Not allowing children to suffer for their loved persons will not help them heal the wounds they experiment. An abnormal approach can determine mistaken, painful, and guilty conclusions that we must avoid

El tema de la muerte en los niños está pobremente integrado como una realidad en la práctica clínica. El presente artículo pretende lograr un acercamiento más sano a aquel escenario que reúne a la muerte y al paciente pediátrico, y entregar las mínimas herramientas a médicos, padres y a los mismos niños, para vivir estas experiencias de mejor manera. Para lograrlo, se basa en revisión bibliográfica, y experiencias de pacientes, médicos y psicólogos del departamento de oncología pediátrica del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica. La idea de muerte en el niño sigue una cadena evolutiva, desde la intuición hasta la abstracción. A pesar de que el lenguaje no será el mismo en todos los casos, no hay edad ideal para permitir a un niño lidiar con la muerte de quienes lo rodean y la suya propia. Ciertos errores clásicos, algunos amparados en una buena intención, pueden generar efectos adversos. El no hacer parte a los niños del duelo de sus queridos, no les permite cerrar las heridas que experimentan en su manera. Duelos anormales pueden llevarlo a conclusiones erradas, dolorosas, y culpógenas, que se deberían evitar

A new double-stranded RNA mycovirus from Botrytis cinerea.

A simple double-stranded RNA mycovirus was detected in a wild-type Botrytis cinerea 55k strain. The virus was located in the fungus cytoplasm as free particles of approximately 28 nm in diameter. The mycovirus possesses a single double-stranded genome segment of 1.8 kilobase pairs (kbp) encapsidated within an isometric protein coat whose main structural component is a polypeptide of 68 kDa. Cells infected with this virus showed an important degree of cellular degeneration.

Women's labor, fertility, and the introduction of modern technology in a rural Maya village.

PIP: The introduction of mechanized technology into a rural Maya agricultural community in the mid 1970s markedly increased the technology with which maize could be ground and water collected, which in turn introduced a possible savings in the time spent working. This study investigated the response of female fertility to the introduction of this labor-saving technology. Using two proximate determinants of female fertility, the association between the advent of modern technology and changes in the age at which women give birth to their first child and the length of mothers' birth intervals was examined. Analyses showed that women begin their reproductive careers at a younger age after the laborsaving technology was introduced. Estimate of the median age at first birth from the distribution function dropped from 21.2 years before the introduction to 19.5 years after the introduction of the technology. In addition, modeling results show that the probability of a woman giving birth to her first child doubles for any age after the introduction of laborsaving technology. However, changes in birth intervals are less conclusive since the differences of smoothed probability distributions are not significant. Moreover, findings indicate that women who initiate reproduction at a younger age can potentially have longer reproductive careers and larger families.^ieng

Naturally acquired antibodies against the major merozoite surface coat protein (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum acquired by residents in an endemic area of Colombia.

A preliminary baseline epidemiological malaria survey was conducted in the village of Punta Soldado, Colombia. Parasite prevalence and density as well as serological data were obtained from 151 asymptomatic children and adults. Fifty individuals were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. The mean parasite density was 184 parasites/mm3. Greater than 90% of the sample population were P. falciparum antibody positive as detected by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies against the major merozoite surface protein (MSP-1) of P. falciparum. In this population, anti-MSP-1 antibody concentration is acquired in an age dependent manner with equal immunogenicity to both the N- and C-terminal regions of the molecule. Infection at the time of sampling was associated with a higher anti-MSP-1 antibody concentration than that found in non-infected individuals. Further studies are planned to assess the role of immune and non-immune factors in limiting the number of cases of severe malaria seen in this population.