Reaçöes psicológicas e psicopatológicas relacionadas à cirurgia da mama / Psychological and psychopatological reaction relationship to breast surgery

Escrito inicialmente como capítulo de um livro de psicossomática ginecológica, o artigo tem características eminentemente didáticas, visando o esclarecimento sobre alguns dados psicológicos e psiquiátricos gerais em torno do assunto. Assim, säo discutidos aspectos diagnósticos e prognósticos à medida que é esclarecida a psicopatologia das manifestaçöes mórbidas. Säo enfocados aspectos da personalidade da paciente, o conhecimento do fato em si, o problema de imagem corporal e as formas ou estágios que a paciente atravessa após o diagnóstico, mostrando a necessidade e a utilidade da presença do psiquiatra na equipe terapêutica. Estudam-se vários mecanismos compensatórios e de adaptaçäo à nova forma de vida nos vários setores da economia humana. Termina-se por uma rápida avaliaçäo das tendências e opiniöes através da bibliografia especializada

Ultrastructure of bacteriophages used for typing of Staphylococcus aureus.

This paper reports the results of a study on the morphology, size and homogeneity of the bacteriophages used for typing Staphylococcus aureus. Fifty-five bacteriophages were studied. Preparations for the electron microscope were made directly from lysates or from purified and concentrated bacteriophages, and were contrasted with neutralized phosphotungstic acid (KPT) and examined under an electron microscope at x 40 000 microscopic magnification. The studied bacteriophages differed with regard to size and shape. The bacteriophages were classified into two morphological groups: BI and BIII. In the BI group, there morphological types were distinguished: B14, B15 and B16. Only one morphological type was distinguished in the BIII group, designated by the symbol BIII2. Only lysates of 42C, 70 and D bacteriophages contained virions of two morphological types: BI6 an BIII2. Until now, it is not clear whether the bacteriophages are a mixture of two different virions, or whether they represent variation in the size of their heads. Of the 55 bacteriophages studied, 25 were examined by other investigators. The results showed that of the 25 bacteriophages 5 belonged to different morphological types. It was concluded that the sets of standard bacteriophages should be checked by means of the electron microscope.

[Detection of inborn errors of metabolism in San Pablo, Brazil]. / Detección de errores congénitos del metabolismo en San Pablo, Brasil.

The authors report their experience in populational screenings, first regarding hyperphenylalaninemias at the city of S Paulo, by own programmation. In the same aminoacidopathies detection program, a similar methodology is being used in urine, in the children's health services of the State of S. Paulo. The same urine procedure is being used to select IEM of carbohydrates and mucopolysaccharides A programme similar to the one used for hyperphenylalaninemia is being performed for the detection of congenital hypothyroidism; T4 tests were made by radioimmunoassay (RIA) microtechnique in newborns and children in the first months of life. A similar experience in the detection of heterozygotes for GM2-ganglyosidosis type I (Tay-Sach disease) by performing the hexosaminidase A test is also reported. The importance of the performing of such populational screening tests, even in underdeveloped countries is stressed. Taking into account the high cost of the maintenance of patients with mental retardation (MR0, the cost of such programmes may become a saving whenever early diagnosis and therapy can avoid the MR.

Deteccion de errores congenitos del metabolismo en San Pablo, Brasil. / Detection on of intorn errors of metabolism in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Los autores describen la experiencia adquirida en la seleccion de programas para la poblacion general, en al deteccion de hiperfenilalaninemias, hipotiroidismo congenito, aminoacidopatias, errores congenitos del metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono, mucopolisacaridosis y neurolipidosis, en especial la GM2-gangliosidosis o enfermedad de TaySachs. Se subraya la importancia de la realizacion de estos programas en la poblacion general, teniendose en cuenta el alto costo del mantenimeinto de deficiencias mentales; en estos casos, si son detectados precozmente, las consecuencias podran evitarse o reducirs

Studies of antithyroid antibodies in Down's syndrome.

The presence of antithyroid antibodies (antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal) in serum of patients with Down's syndrome and their respective mothers were studied based on data from the literature, showing a possible correlation between the presence of these antibodies in the serum of mothers and the birth of mongoloid children. Antithyroid antibodies were studied in 40 patients with Down's syndrome, with ages ranging from 5 months to 21 years old, 24 males and 16 females and in the respective mothers whose ages varied from 22 to 66 years. In none of the analyzed sera of the mongoloids as well of their mothers, the authors were able to detect the antithyroid antibodies studied.

Studies on thyroid and hypophysary thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) in Down syndrome.

Serum TSH was studied in 22 patients with Down syndrome, from 4 to 15 years old. In 6 of these patients radioidine uptake by thyroid gland after 2 and 24 hours of administration and clearance rates before and after TSH stimulus (10 mul-IM) were measured. Results show that serum TSH was normal in 17 patients and above normal limits in 5 patients. Thyroid uptake after 2 hours as well clearance rates, both below normal, had a response to TSH stimulus with normal or below values. These data along with previous reports, suggest, that in children with Down syndrome, there is a thyroid dysfunction in which a slow response no TSH stimulus seems to be the basic defect.