RESUMEN
The number of middle-aged and elderly population is increasing every year. At the same time, the course of most chronic diseases worsens with age, which can be explained by significant changes in body composition, including redistribution and increase of fat mass and decrease in muscle and skeletal mass. Thus, a decrease in muscle mass becomes intrinsic for the body from the age of 40 and develops on average by 0.5-1.0% per year. The prevalence of patients with sarcopenia is estimated to be between 11 and 50% in different age groups of population: middle, elderly and senile. In addition, the decline in physical activity associated with the urbanization and automation of labor exacerbates the disease at a younger age, which predicts an increase in the number of such patients in the future. OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of physical rehabilitation in sarcopenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review including studies found in PubMed, MedLine, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collections databases for 2019-2022 was conducted. The used enrollment criteria were the following: systematic reviews, including cross-over or cohort studies targeting at persons aged from 40 to 90 years of both sexes, with available data on sarcopenia, its severe form or other combinations of physical performance markers called sarcopenia. The mandatory parameter for inclusion in the study was the presence of the effectiveness assessment of physical rehabilitation without limiting its parameters. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. RESULTS: The best kind of training are 30-60-minute comprehensive methods with predominance of resistance exercises with minimum duration of the course of 3 months and frequency of 3 inconsistent in-person trainings per week under the supervision of a specialist for patients with sarcopenia in order to increase muscle strength and mass, as well as performance. The intensity should consist of the following parameters: start with fewer sets but more repetitions (12-15) with less intensity (55% of maximum) and move to more sets with less repetition (4-6) and greater intensity (>80% of maximum). CONCLUSION: This article describes the parameters of exercises that are most effective in terms of muscle strength and mass increase and safe for patients. The compilation and further study of this complex in practice are needed.
Asunto(s)
Sarcopenia , Sarcopenia/rehabilitación , Sarcopenia/fisiopatología , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remains the most common type of DM and is associat-ed with disabling complications, reduced quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Satisfactory control of carbohydrate metabolism remains the key way to manage them. AIM: To perform a retrospective analysis of carbohydrate metabolism (in terms of glycated hemoglobin - HbA1c), the prevalence of complications, and features of hypoglycemic and concomitant therapy in patients with type 2 DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of sex and age characteristics, achieved level of HbA1c, diabetes complications, sugar-reducing and concomitant therapy according to the data of outpatient records of the patients who are on dispensary registration with an endocrinologist in the Endocrinology Department of the Consultative and Diagnostic Polyclinic of the Tomsk Regional Clinical Hospital in Tomsk was carried out. RESULTS: 546 outpatient medical records of patients with type 2 DM were analysed, among which there were 39.6% men (n=216) with a history of type 2 DM 8.0 years [3.0; 13.0] , median age 64.0 years [54.5; 71.0] and 60.4% women (n=330), history of type 2 DM 10.0 years [5.0; 15.0], median age 70.0 years [63.0; 75.0]. The achieved HbA1c level in men was 7.6% [6.3; 9.0] and in women 7.4% [6.4; 9.1]. 19.4% of men and 13.6% of women had an aggravated history of type 2 DM. According to the history, 6.5% of men (n=14) and 3% of women (n=10) with type 2 DM had a history of stroke, and myocardial infarction 12% (n=26) and 1.5% (n=5), respectively. Among the analysed outpatient records of type 2 DM patients, 18.5% of men (n=40) and 12.4% of women (n=41) were found to have diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic retinopathy was reported in 9.3% (n=20) of men and 4.2% (n=14) of women. Diabetic macroangiopathies were detected in 29.6% (n=64) of males and 9.7% (n=32) of females. Among other chronic complications of DM, diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy was recorded in 1% (n=2) of males and 3% (n=10) of females, diabetic polyneuropathy in 25% (n=54) and 21.5% (n=71), respectively. Diabetic foot was diagnosed in 1.9% (n=4) of men and 1.8% (n=6) of women. Among comorbid pathology, obesity was diagnosed in 45.4% (n=88) of men and 69.1% (n=228) of women, dyslipidaemia in 10.2% (n=22) and 10.6% (n=35) respectively, hypertension in 39.8% (n=86) and 32.6% (n=108) of cases. The diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was verified in 3.7% of men (n=7) and 1.8% of women (n=6), chronic heart failure in 7.4% of men (n=16) and 2.4% of women (n=8) registered for type 2 DM. According to the analysed outpatient records, 4.1% (n=23) of patients received diet therapy, 48.3% (n=263) received monotherapy and 47.6% (n=260) received combination therapy for type 2 DM. Metformin was the most commonly used monotherapy for type 2 DM 36.1% (n=197), followed by insulin 6.9% (n=38), sulfonylurea derivatives - 2.7% (n=15). Combination of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (13.9%) was the most commonly used combination therapy. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the current situation in the diabetology service will help to identify weaknesses and strengths, which is necessary to optimise existing therapeutic approaches in accordance with current clinical recommendations.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hemoglobina Glucada , Hipoglucemiantes , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in asthmatics substantially exacerbates the severity of the disease leading to resistance to conventional corticosteroid therapy. Many studies established the involvement of Th1- and Th17-cells and cytokines produced by them (IFNg, IL-17A, IL-17F etc.) in neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies revealed that IL-4 - a Th2-cytokine regulates neutrophil effector functions and migration. It was showed that IL-4 substantially reduces neutrophilic inflammation of the skin in a mouse model of cutaneous bacterial infection and blood neutrophilia in a mouse model systemic bacterial infection. However, there are no data available regarding the influence of IL-4 on non-infectious pulmonary inflammation. In the current study we investigated the effects of IL-4 in a previously developed mouse model of neutrophilic bronchial asthma. We showed that systemic administration of IL-4 significantly restricts neutrophilic inflammation of the respiratory tract probably through the suppression of Th1-/Th17-immune responses and downregulation of CXCR2. Additionally, pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation could be alleviated by IL-4-dependant polarization of N2 neutrophils and M2 macrophages, expressing anti-inflammatory TGFß. Considering these, IL-4 might be used for reduction of exaggerated pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and overcoming corticosteroid insensitivity of asthma patients.
Asunto(s)
Asma , Infecciones Bacterianas , Neumonía , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Interleucina-4/farmacología , Neutrófilos , Citocinas , Inflamación , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Corticoesteroides/farmacologíaRESUMEN
We studied the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), androgen receptor (AR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovaries under the conditions of the modeling and subsequent treatment of functional ovarian cysts with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (ant-GnRH). The intensity of IGF-1, LHR, and AR expression in the generative elements of rat ovaries changed under conditions of functional ovarian cysts simulation, as well as during treatment with ant-GnRH. In both experimental groups, the expression levels of the studied markers in preantral follicles and epithelial lining of cysts were found to be related to the number of growing follicles and cysts. A divergence of LHR and AR expression indices and a more pronounced decrease in the number of cystic cavities were observed in the group receiving ant-GnRH. These changes demonstrate a positive effect of ant-GnRH on intra-ovarian regulatory factors and a therapeutic effect in functional ovarian cysts.
Asunto(s)
Quistes , Quistes Ováricos , Femenino , Ratas , Animales , Humanos , Receptores de HL , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/farmacología , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/metabolismo , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Péptidos Similares a la Insulina , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Quistes Ováricos/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The morphofunctional features of the ovaries were evaluated in rats with functional ovarian cysts model treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. Administration of the antagonist significantly (p=0.009) reduced the number of cysts and the growth of follicles in the ovaries. The obtained results attest to a possibility of successful treatment of functional ovarian cysts with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.
Asunto(s)
Quistes , Quistes Ováricos , Femenino , Humanos , Ratas , Animales , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina , Quistes Ováricos/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos TeóricosRESUMEN
A review of publications devoted to the analysis of genetic polymorphisms and features of the functioning of genes that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is presented. Objective of the study was to reveal information about genes whose polymorphism may affect the effectiveness of SGLT2i. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, the search for publications was carried out in the PubMed databases (including Medline), Web of Science, as well as Russian scientific electronic libraries eLIBRARY.RU from 1993 to 2022. Polymorphisms in the structure of several genes (SLC5A2, UGT1A9, ABCB1, PNPLA3) have been described that may affect the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diseases such as chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The information found on the genetic features of the development of the effects of SGLT2i is limited to a description of the differences in their pharmacokinetics. The relevance of currently available pharmacogenetic studies is largely constrained by small sample sizes.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Humanos , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiologíaRESUMEN
Obesity is a major public health problem that requires new approaches. Despite all interventions, the behavioural and therapeutic interventions developed have demonstrated limited effectiveness in curbing the obesity epidemic. Findings from imaging studies of the brain suggest the existence of neural vulnerabilities and structural changes that are associated with the development of obesity and eating disorders. This review highlights the clinical relevance of brain neuroimaging research in obese individuals to prevent risky behaviour, early diagnosis, and the development of new safer and more effective treatments.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Obesidad , Humanos , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuroimagen , Conducta AlimentariaRESUMEN
A review of publications devoted to the analysis of genetic polymorphisms of the gene encoding the glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor and some other genes directly and indirectly involved in the implementation of its physiological action is presented. The aim of the study: to search for information on genes polymorphism that can affect the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide type 1 agonists. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, the search for publications was based on PubMed databases (including Medline), Web of Science, as well as Russian scientific electronic source eLIBRARY.RU from 1993 to 2022. The several genes polymorphisms (GLP1R, TCF7L2, CNR1, SORCS1, WFS1, PPARD, CTRB1/2) that may affect the course and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity, was described. Single nucleotide substitutions in some regions of these genes can both decrease and increase the clinical efficacy of the treatment of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome with the help of type 1 glucagon-like peptide agonists: exenatide, liraglutide. Data on the role of genetic variations in the structure of the products of these genes in the effectiveness of other type 1 glucacone-like peptide agonists have not been found.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Síndrome Metabólico , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Glucagón/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/uso terapéutico , Ponzoñas/uso terapéutico , Péptidos/genética , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/genética , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/agonistas , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
In addition to exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, fullerene C60 is a promising wound healing agent. An important stage in the production of fullerene-based ointments is the stability of the aqueous fullerene dispersion (AFD) with minimum size of colloidal fullerene aggregates and sufficiently high concentration. To achieve these parameters tangential flow filtration of fullerene C60 was used ("green technology"). As estimated by small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering purified AFDs with narrow-size distribution nanoclusters have a size of 6 nm and are assembled into agglomerates which reach a size of 150 nm. The ability of the AFD to exhibit regenerative activity was studied using the animal wound model. This study shows for the first time that the fullerene-based composition stimulates the healing of wounds of various origins. We assume that the mechanism of the AFD wound-healing activity is associated with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and macrophages activity.
Asunto(s)
TecnologíaRESUMEN
This study is aimed at investigating epileptic seizures, one of the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Immediate and early post-traumatic seizures, as well as late post-traumatic epileptic seizures or post-traumatic epilepsy, can have different pathogenetic bases. The following key risk factors associated with post-traumatic epilepsy are known: duration of unconsciousness, gunshot wounds, intracranial hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, prolonged (more than 3 days) post-traumatic amnesia, acute subdural hematoma with surgical evacuation, immediate and early post-traumatic epileptic seizures, fracture of the skull bones. The role of genetic factors in post-traumatic seizures is poorly understood due to the complexity and multiple causal mechanisms. This paper addresses the role of genetic factors in the occurrence and severity of epileptic events in patients with TBI. In particular, we investigated the role of the Cys112Arg single nucleotide polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene. Apolipoprotein E is known for its role in the transport and metabolism of lipids and, therefore, the development of cardiovascular diseases; it is also associated with Alzheimer's disease and has recently been studied in the context of association with epilepsy. The study shows an association between this polymorphism and the risk of immediate and early epileptic seizures in patients with severe TBI.
Asunto(s)
Apolipoproteínas E , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Epilepsia Postraumática , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Humanos , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/genética , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/complicaciones , Epilepsia Postraumática/genética , Epilepsia Postraumática/etiología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to poor outcomes and reduced quality of life. In middle age, the decrease in muscle mass begins to be progressive. Bioimpedancemetry allows diagnosing this condition before the onset of clinical symptoms. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: to evaluate the parameters of body composition in the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in middle-aged people. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were divided into two groups - the main one with sarcopenia - 146 people and the control group - 75 people. The complex of examinations included: neuropsychological testing (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), quality of life questionnaire for patients with sarcopenia (SarQoL), short health assessment form (SF-36)), 4-meter walking speed test, dynamometry and bioimpedancemetry. The results of neuropsychological examination did not differ in the main and control groups. Patients with sarcopenia showed a decrease in muscle strength according to dynamometry. The scores of the walking speed assessment test in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group. The main and control groups had excessive body weight. According to the results of bioimpedanceometry, the main group had increased fat mass, percentage of fat mass, visceral fat area, and fat mass index compared with the control group. Skeletal muscle mass was less in the main group, probable sarcopenia was confirmed by decreased appendicular mass, decreased protein and mineral content was also recorded. There was a more pronounced decrease in cell mass in the main group. In patients with sarcopenia the volume of intracellular and extracellular fluid was less than in the control group. Significant differences were considered at p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: the introduction of bioimpedancemetry and dynamometry into early screening for muscle mass reduction will allow timely start of therapeutic and preventive measures even in middle age, which will lead to a decrease in the progression of sarcopenia in the elderly, as well as improve the quality of life.
Asunto(s)
Sarcopenia , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Calidad de Vida , Composición Corporal , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Músculo EsqueléticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of the structure of the white matter of the brain, neurovascularization and cognitive functions in obese children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 64 obese patients, aged 12-17 years, and 54 children without excess body weight. A general clinical examination, neuropsychological testing (the Raven's test with the calculation of IQ, MoCA, the Rey 15-Item Memory Test (RMT), 1 and 2), magnetic resonance imaging (MR) tractography and contrast-free perfusion of the brain were conducted. RESULTS: Obese children and adolescents had both a decrease in scores on MoCA and the Raven's test, and in terms of IQ, while according to RMT-1, there were significant differences in the two groups, and in RMT-2 the results were comparable. Perfusion analysis showed a decrease in vascularization in the white matter area of the occipital lobe on the left and its increase in the temporal lobe area also on the left. When assessing the white matter according to MR tractography, a decrease in fractional anisotropy was noted in the area of the hook-shaped beam on the right and left, anterior and posterior commissural tracts. These changes were correlated with neuropsychological results. CONCLUSION: In obese children and adolescents, there was a destruction of the integrity of the white matter and neurovascularization of the brain associated with a deficit of cognitive functions.
Asunto(s)
Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Obesidad Infantil , Sustancia Blanca , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Obesidad Infantil/diagnóstico por imagen , Obesidad Infantil/patología , Perfusión , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Blanca/patologíaRESUMEN
The worlds older population is growing dramatically. At the same time, ensuring an appropriate high standard of living for the elderly by reducing of morbidity and disability of geriatric patients is one of the main objectives of the modern healthcare system. However, changes associated with body aging necessitate application of novel approaches to the correction of pharmacotherapy and usage of specialized dosage forms. Such medicinal products provide both an appropriate therapeutic effect and facilitate their use. Presented review considers several features of pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients.
Asunto(s)
Geriatría , Humanos , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Atención a la Salud , PolifarmaciaRESUMEN
Age-associated disorders, including cognitive functions, that often occur in geriatric patients, necessitate the use of novel approaches to provide appropriate medical care, pharmacoprophylaxis and pharmacotherapy among them. At the same time, an important objective of the national healthcare system is not only stimulating of pharmaceutical companies and pharmacies to expand the range of medicines intended for elderly patients, but also increasing availability of medicinal products, including the integration of extemporaneous formulations into clinical practice. Presented review considers several features of the regulation of the use of extemporaneous formulations in the treatment of geriatric patients. Examples of prescriptions that are used in Russian medical practice and are of the greatest interest in the treatment of elderly patients are also presented.
Asunto(s)
Farmacias , Humanos , Anciano , Composición de Medicamentos , Atención a la Salud , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyse a role of BP (blood pressure) variability in shaping neuroplasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 100 patients with type 2 DM divided according to the presence of cognitive impairment (CI) and 25 control subjects. Biochemical blood count, plasma osteopontin, 24-hour self-blood pressure monitoring (SBPM) and brain MRI were assessed. RESULTS: Patients with type 2 DM and CI had higher body mass index as well as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, alanine aminotransferase, osteopontin and hyperlipidemia (p≤0.05). There was a significant difference in all standard indices, patients with type 2 DM were classified as «non-dipper¼, and there were significantly higher values of the index of time and area of stay in the state of suprathreshold BP and BP variability at night, as well as the risk of latent arterial hypertension in CI. Neuroimaging assessment revealed decreased blood flow according to contrast and non-contrast perfusion in all parameters in cortical (especially the frontal lobe) and subcortical structures (predominantly in the shell region), and was associated with SMAD parameters. Mean systolic and diastolic BP during the day and night, as well as the variability index, also influenced the integrity between cortico-spinal tract, hook, inferior longitudinal and arcuate fascicles. The same parameters altered hippocampal metabolism in terms of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho), NAA/creatine (Cr), Cho/Cr ratios. CONCLUSION: In patients with type 2 DM, BP variability contributes to CI through a proinflammatory mechanism (osteopontin) leading to brain neuroimaging abnormalities.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Presión Sanguínea , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encefalopatías/complicaciones , Colina , Creatina/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Neuroimagen , Osteopontina/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the role of blood pressure (BP) variability in the formation of neuroplasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 patients with type 2 DM were examined, which were divided into groups depending on the presence of cognitive impairment (CI), the control group consisted of 25 people. All examined patients underwent a clinical examination, a standard set of biochemical blood tests, plasma osteopontin levels, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for 24-26 h MRI of the brain (dynamic contrast and arterial spin marks, proton spectroscopy, tractography). RESULTS: Patients with type 2 diabetes and CI had higher body mass index, blood levels of glycated hemoglobin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, osteopontin, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (p≤0.05). The level of osteopontin was higher in patients with overweight, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and in patients with CI in patients with BP variability. When assessing 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), a significant difference was found in all standard indicators, while patients with type 2 diabetes were referred to as «non-dipper¼, in the presence of CI they noted significantly higher values of the index of time and area of stay in the suprathreshold state. BP and variability in SBP and DBP at night, as well as the risk of occult hypertension. A decrease in cerebral blood flow was revealed according to the data of contrast and non-contrast assessment of perfusion in cortical (especially in the frontal lobe) and subcortical (mainly in the putamen) structures, associated with changes in ABPM parameters. Mean SBP and DBP day and night, as well as the index of BP variability, also affect the integrity of the corticospinal, uncinate, lower longitudinal tracts, and arcuate fasciculus. The same parameters change the metabolism of the hippocampus in terms of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), creatine phosphate (Cr2), as well as the ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cho, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr. CONCLUSION: In patients with type 2 diabetes, BP variability contributes to the formation of CI through a pro-inflammatory mechanism (osteopontin), leading to impaired brain vascularization in general, white matter structure, and hippocampal metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipertensión , Presión Sanguínea , Monitoreo Ambulatorio de la Presión Arterial , Colina , Creatina/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Humanos , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Plasticidad Neuronal , OsteopontinaRESUMEN
Inborn errors of immunity can be detected by evaluating circular DNA (cDNA) fragments of T- and B-cell receptors (TREC and KREC) resulting from the receptor gene rearrangement in T and B cells. Maturation and activation of the fetal immune system is known to proceed gradually according to the gestational age, which highlights the importance of the immune status in premature infants at different gestational ages. In this article, we evaluated TREC and KREC levels in infants of various gestational ages by real-time PCR with taking into account the newborn's weight and sex. The 95% confidence intervals for TREC and KREC levels (expressed in the number of cDNA copies per 105 cells) were established for different gestational groups. The importance of studying immune system development in newborns is informed by the discovered dependence of the level of naive markers on the gestational stage in the early neonatal period.
RESUMEN
The content of the soluble form of protein of the key point of immunity B7-H3 (sB7-H3) in the blood plasma of 75 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer before treatment was measured by ELISA. It is known that B7-H3 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily (B7 molecule family) and is involved in the regulation of the immune response mediated by T cells. The sB7-H3 concentration correlated with the clinical and morphological parameters of ovarian cancer. The content of sB7-H3 was higher at the later stages of the disease, in the presence of ascites, and in patients with poorly differentiated ovarian cancer. It was revealed that increased plasma content of sB7-H3 in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer is associated with unfavorable prognosis of the disease. Therefore, sB7-H3 can be used as a prognostic marker in ovarian cancer patients.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos B7/sangre , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/sangre , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/mortalidad , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/patología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/sangre , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
The data of a comparative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the content of the soluble form of the immunity checkpoint VISTA in the blood serum of 30 healthy donors (control group), 79 patients with primary malignant (osteosarcoma - 30, chondrosarcoma - 31, chordoma - 14) and 14 borderline (giant cell tumor) bone neoplasms are presented. In the general group of patients with malignant neoplasms of bones, the median sVISTA content in blood serum is statistically significant lower than in the control (p = 0.040). In patients with bone tumors and healthy donors over 18 years of age, there was a decrease with age in serum sVISTA levels. There were no significant differences in sVISTA concentration between patients with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and healthy donors. Only in patients with chordoma were sVISTA levels statistically significant lower than in controls (p = 0.013). In the groups of patients with chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma of the bone, there were no significant associations between the serum sVISTA content and the main clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease. In patients with osteosarcoma, no relationship was found between sVISTA levels and overall survival rates, while in patients with bone chondrosarcoma, there was a tendency towards a favorable prognosis with a high content of the marker in the blood serum.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas , Condrosarcoma , Cordoma , Osteosarcoma , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , PronósticoRESUMEN
The data of a complex immunoassay comparative study of the content of soluble forms of sPD-1, sPD-L1, sNKG2D, sNKG2DL1, sB7-H3 and sHLA-G in the blood plasma of 75 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and 20 healthy donors of the control group are presented. The diagnostic significance of the studied proteins was determined. The study showed that the profile of soluble immunity checkpoints differs when malignant ovarian pathology occurs. There was a statistically significant decrease in the content of sPD-L1, sNKG2DL1, sB7-H3, and sHLA-G in the blood plasma of patients compared with the control group. Differences were found in the content of the studied markers depending on the histological type of tumors. Correlations between the soluble forms of some of the studied proteins are shown, indicating the presence of independent mechanisms of immune regulation in ovarian cancer, which may explain the insufficient effectiveness of the existing immunotherapy for this type of tumor. The results obtained will undoubtedly facilitate the development of new effective methods for the diagnostics and therapy of ovarian cancer.