Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of different parts of invasive plant Sonchus wightianus DC.

The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the phytochemical characterisation, antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacies of methanol extracts of leaf, stem, and root parts of S. wightianus. The phytochemical characterisation by GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of different phytocompounds such as Lupenone (38.02% in leave extract), Leupeyl acetate (33.43% in root extract), 24- Noursa -3, 12- diene (27.16% stem extract). S. wightianus methanol extracts demonstrate IC50, 8.52 µg/ml, 7.72 µg/ml and 9.08 µg/ml using DPPH, FRAP and MCA scavenging assay, respectively. The antibacterial activity of different methanol extracts was evaluated against four microorganisms with a mean zone diameter of inhibition ranging from 13 to 19 mm. For quantitative phytochemical analysis, the highest Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonol Content (TFC-2) were found for steam methanol extract (321.7 mg GAE/g of dry extract, 162.4 mg QE/g of dry extract respectively).

Mycochemical composition and antioxidant activity of root endophytic aquatic hyphomycetes isolated from the riparian area of Kumaun Himalaya, India.

Endophytic fungi are essential sources of various bioactive natural compounds. The present study is aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant compounds of the root endophytic aquatic hyphomycetous fungi Tetracladium setigerum isolated from the roots of Barberries aristata growing in the riparian area of Nainital, Kumaun Himalaya. The chemical profiling was done by GC-MS analysis. The presence of 32 compounds characterised the fungal extract. 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; and Bicyclo [3.2.1]octan-4-on-1-carbonsaeure,6-(6,10dimethyl-1,5,9-undecatrien-2-yl)-8-methyl-, ethyl ester were reported as major compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of T. setigerum. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was assessed by DPPH, MCA, and FRAP assay. In antioxidant analysis, the ethyl acetate extract of T. setigerum presents IC50, 42.34 µg/ml, and 46.90 µg/ml using DPPH and MCA, respectively. The tested extract also showed effective antioxidant activity 436.71 ± 9.3 mg AAE/g of the dry extract using FRAP assay.

Phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Kumaun Himalayan Hoop Pine bark extract.

The chemical composition of the methanol extract obtained from Araucaria cunninghamii Sweet. bark was determined by GC-MS analysis with its antioxidant and antibacterial potential, for the first time. A total of 73 compounds were identified and the extract was strongly characterised by Viridiflorene; Androstan-17-one, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-, (5α)-; 8-Isopropenyl-1,3,3,7-tetramethyl-bicyclo[5.1.0]oct-5-en-2-one; 3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-tetracyclo[6.1.0.0 ∼ 2,4∼.0 ∼ 5,7∼]-nonane; Longifolenaldehyde; (-)-Caryophyllen-(I1); 2-hydroxymethyl-5-furfural; Methyl commate B; 3-Ethyl-3-hydroxyandrostan-17-one; 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid as the main components (55.39%). A. cunninghamii extract presents IC50, 53.52 µg/mL and 65.29 µg/mL using DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assay, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated for eight microorganisms showed that the extract had a remarkable inhibitory potential with a mean zone diameter of inhibition ranging from 09 to 21 mm. The methanol extract of A. cunninghamii showed significant antibacterial activity against X. campestris (21 mm, ZOI) with MIC and MBC values 15.6 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively.

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Himalayan Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh leaf extract.

The present investigation determines the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of methanol extract of Himalayan Fraxinus micrantha (Lingelsh) leaves. Chemical analysis of extract revealed the presence of fifty five compounds. The extract was strongly characterised by tyrosol, esculetin, ß-sitosterin, l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxy nonadecadiene as main components (62.6%). The F. micrantha extract presents IC50, 43.93 µg/ml and 68.90 µg/ml using DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assay, respectively. The antibacterial activity of F. micrantha was evaluated for five microorganisms showed that the extract had a remarkable inhibitory potential with a mean zone diameter of inhibition ranging from 11 to 22 mm. The MIC of the extracts ranged from 7.8 to 250 µg/ml and MBC value range 31.25 to 125 µg/ml. F. micrantha showed significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (22 mm, ZOI) with MIC and MBC values 7.8 and 31.25 µg/ml respectively.

Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of a native Himalayan Fern: Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai.

Present work elucidates the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai along with chemical characterization using its aqueous (AEW), methanol (MEW), and hexane (HEW) extracts. Chemical profile of different extracts was illustrated by using Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays, total phenolic and flavonoid content by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride method, respectively. Further, antibacterial activity against six plant and four animal pathogenic bacteria was analyzed by employing the disc diffusion assay. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of catechol (21.96%), glycerol (20.22%), n-pentadecanoic acid (6.95%), glyceryl monoacetate (6.35 %), ethyl acetimidate (5.39 %) and 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydromaltol (5.36%) in AEW; ß-sitosterol (17.39%), pentadecanoic acid (9.81%), vitamin E (7.82%) and glycerol (7.05%) in MEW; γ-sitosterol (33.45%), vitamin E (10.04%) and campesterol (7.32%) in HEW as major constituents. Maximum phenolics (873 ± 6.01 mgGAE/g dry extract) as well as flavonoids (151 ± 11.44 mgQE/g dry extract) content was found in MEW, which also showed remarkable antioxidant potential (IC50 6.07 ± 1.4 µg/ml for DPPH and 768 ± 10.4 mg AAE/g dry extract for FRAP assay. In antibacterial activity, maximum inhibition (15 ± 0.9 mm) was observed for HEW against R. solanacearum, followed by AEW against A. tumefaciens and X. phaseoli (11 ± 0.3 mm each). MEW was found positive only against A. tumefaciens. Significant minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value observed for AEW against L. monocytogenes (10 mg/ml). Polar extracts had remarkable antioxidant potential, while non-polar extract did show significant antibacterial activity. Further, GC- MS reports indicated that this traditionally useful fern species can be an excellent source of biologically active compounds.