[Effect of stimulation and inhibition of macrophage functions on hypercholesterolemia in rats]. / Vliianie stimuliatsii i ingibirovaniia funktsii makrofagov na razvitie giperkholesterinemii u krys.

In this study we investigated the effects of zymosan and prodigiozan, the macrophage stimulators, and GdCl3, a macrophage inhibitor, on blood lipoprotein composition, activities of liver cholesterly ester (CE) metabolising enzymes, incorporation of [14C]cholesterol (C) into bile acids and accumulation and synthesis of CE in peritoneal macrophages (PM) of rats fed with C-enriched diet for 7 days. The increase of number of phagocyte cells quantity in liver and blood colony-stimulating activity in rats pretreated with intravenous injection of zymosan and prodigiozan was accompanied by reduced C content in blood low density and very low density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL), increase of liver lysosomal CE hydrolase activity (without change of acyl-CoA:C acyltransferase and cytoplasmatic CE hydrolase activities) and incorporation of labeled C into bile acids and decrease of CE formation and accumulation in PM in rats with hypercholesterolemia. In contrast, reduction of phagocyte population in liver caused by intravenous injection of GdCl3 was accompanied by enhancement of C and CE level in blood LDL and VLDL and decrease of lysosomal CE hydrolase activity and incorporation of C into bile acids in liver of C-feeding rats. The data obtained suggest that the stimulation of mononuclear phagocyte system may lead to a decrease of plasma C via activation of LDL and VLDL catabolism and induction of bile acid synthesis in liver.

[Effect of modified low density lipoproteins on humoral immune response and functional activity of macrophages in mice]. / Vliianie modifitsirovannykh lipoproteinov nizkoi plotnosti na gumoral'nyi immunyi otvet i funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' makrofagov myshi.

Intravenous injection of acetylated low density lipoproteins (acLDL) in mice in a dose of 0.5 mg per mouse decreased the intensity of humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by 35%. The addition of acLDL to mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro resulted in inhibition of Fc-dependent phagocytosis of SRBC and fourfold increased secretion of prostaglandins E2 by macrophages. Fc-dependent phagocytosis of SRBC was also found to be inhibited by oxysterols (25-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol), added to the incubation medium of macrophages in vitro in doses of 0.5-5 mg/ml. The conclusion was made that oxidative metabolism of cholesterol and arachidonic acid, contained in LDL, may mediate the immunomodulating effects of modified LDL.

[The cholesterol esterase activity of the blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages in patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Aktivnost kholesterinésterazy monotsitov krovi i al'veoliarnykh makrofagovu bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

The activity of cholesterol esterase (CE) in blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages (AMF) of bronchoalveolar fluid (BAF) according to Brecher et al., cell composition of endobronchial cytogram were investigated in 32 patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) and control subjects. In CB sufferers CE activity in AMF was inhibited, while in monocytes it was elevated reaching maximal values in purulent bronchopulmonary CB. Determination of CE activity in AMF and peripheral blood monocytes in CB may serve an additional diagnostic indicator of impaired lipid metabolism and suggests new approaches to investigation of CB pathogenesis.

[Reactivity of the blood phagocytes in patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Reaktivnost' fagotsitov krovi u bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

Bactericidal and migration activity of neutrophils was investigated in 53 patients with chronic bronchitis by means of a spontaneous and induced (6 stimulators) NBT-test and in 18 patients by means of skin fenestrae. A spontaneous NBT-test (sNBT-test) was shown to reflect the activity of an inflammatory bronchial process and to decrease by the end of therapy indicating complete remission. A stimulation index was in reverse correlation with sNBT-test indices. Response of neutrophils to various stimuli leveled down with an increase in sNBT-test indices. In an inflammatory bronchial process inhibition of neutrophil migration into a zone of inflammation was noted, particularly in patients with lingering exacerbation. Dependence of a stimulating effect on a sNBT-test value and disorder of neutrophil migration activity should be taken into account in administration of one or another immunostimulator.