Bat coronavirus was detected positive from insectivorous bats in Krau Wildlife Reserve Forest.

Bats are flying mammals with unique immune systems that allow them to hold many pathogens. Hence, they are recognised as the reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens. In this study, we performed molecular detection to detect coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, pteropine orthoreoviruses and dengue viruses from samples collected from insectivorous bats in Krau Reserve Forest. One faecal sample from Rhinolophus spp. was detected positive for coronavirus. Based on BLASTN, phylogenetic analysis and pairwise alignment-based sequence identity calculation, the detected bat coronavirus is most likely to be a bat betacoronavirus lineage slightly different from coronavirus from China, Philippines, Thailand and Luxembourg. In summary, continuous surveillance of bat virome should be encouraged, as Krau Reserve Forest reported a wide spectrum of biodiversity of insectivorous and fruit bats. Moreover, the usage of primers for the broad detection of viruses should be reconsidered because geographical variations might possibly affect the sensitivity of primers in a molecular approach.

Bat coronavirus was detected positive from insectivorous bats in Krau Wildlife Reserve Forest

@#Bats are flying mammals with unique immune systems that allow them to hold many pathogens. Hence, they are recognised as the reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens. In this study, we performed molecular detection to detect coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, pteropine orthoreoviruses and dengue viruses from samples collected from insectivorous bats in Krau Reserve Forest. One faecal sample from Rhinolophus spp. was detected positive for coronavirus. Based on BLASTN, phylogenetic analysis and pairwise alignment-based sequence identity calculation, the detected bat coronavirus is most likely to be a bat betacoronavirus lineage slightly different from coronavirus from China, Philippines, Thailand and Luxembourg. In summary, continuous surveillance of bat virome should be encouraged, as Krau Reserve Forest reported a wide spectrum of biodiversity of insectivorous and fruit bats. Moreover, the usage of primers for the broad detection of viruses should be reconsidered because geographical variations might possibly affect the sensitivity of primers in a molecular approach.

Enhanced conversion rate of L-phenylalanine by coupling reactions of aminotransferases and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in Escherichia coli K-12.

In Escherichia coli, aspartate aminotransferase (encoded by aspC) and aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (encoded by tyrB) share overlapping substrate specificity in the syntheses of aromatic amino acids. Through the transamination reactions catalyzed by AspC or TyrB, L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) can be produced from phenylpyruvate with aspartic acid as the amino donor. To modulate and enhance the production levels of proteins, both aspC and tyrB were subcloned into a runaway-replication vector. As a result, the specific activities of AspC and TyrB obtained showed 65-fold and 50-fold increases, respectively, compared with the wild-type level. Employing resting cells of AspC- and TyrB-overproducing E. coli K-12 strains for L-Phe productions resulted in molar conversion yields of 70% and 55%, respectively. With an additional introduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (encoded by pck) into the transamination reactions, the conversion yields were improved to 93% from 70% and to 75% from 55% in a relatively short time. These results account for more than an 8-fold increase in productivity, as compared to the previous report (Calton et al., 1985). In addition, a four-run reuse of the recombinant cells for L-Phe production gave a total yield of 91 g/L with a 93% conversion.