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By reviewing the research history on quality comparison between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs, this paper systematically combed the relevant research reports since the 1950s, and summarized and analyzed the results of existing comparative studies, and found that the existing comparative research on the quality of wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs were mainly focused on several aspects, including characteristics, microstructures, chemical compositions, pharmacodynamic effects, and genetic diversity. Among these, comparative studies of chemical compositions have been the dominant approach, with a particular emphasis on comparing the contents of index components. However, research on pharmacodynamic effects remained relatively limited. Due to various factors such as sample quantity, sample origin, growth period and cultivation methods, the differences in quality between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs vary significantly. In general, most wild Chinese crude drugs exhibited higher quality than cultivated products, with significant differences in their characteristics. The contents and proportions of some chemical components underwent noticeable changes, particularly with a marked increase in the proportion of primary metabolites after cultivation. The quality of cultivated Chinese crude drugs is closely related to the cultivation practices employed. Chinese crude drugs produced through wild nurturing, simulated wild planting, ecological cultivation, and other similar methods demonstrate quality levels comparable to those of wild Chinese crude drugs. Based on the analysis results, it is recommended to explicitly specify the cultivation practices and cultivation period of cultivated Chinese crude drugs in comparative studies of the quality between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Multiple technical approaches, including characteristics, microscopy, non-targeted metabolomics combined with quantitative analysis of differential components, and bioefficacy evaluation, should be employed to comprehensively assess the quality disparities between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Moreover, research efforts should be intensified to investigate the changes in pharmacodynamic effects resulting from differences in plant cell wall composition, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, in order to guide the production of high-quality Chinese crude drugs.
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As a Chinese saying goes, "good Chinese medicinal material makes good medicine", the quality of Chinese herbal medicines is related to the development prospect of Chinese medicine industry in China. With the rapid development of new technologies such as traceability methods and monitoring instruments, it is imperative to integrate and innovate traditional Chinese herbal medicines with new-generation information technology in view of the quality problems existing in the current production and circulation of Chinese herbal medicines, and it is of great significance for the construction of traceability system to ensure the quality and safety of Chinese herbal medicines and to promote the industry of Chinese herbal medicines to move towards high-quality development. This paper reviews the development history of the traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines in China, takes the influencing factors of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines as the entry point, and proposes that the construction of the traceability system should satisfy the traceability requirements of the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines and their traditional medication experience. By analyzing the influencing factors of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines, it is pointed out that focusing on the influencing factors to build a traceability system is of great significance for targeting the problematic links at a later stage and exploring the interrelationship between environmental factors and the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Based on the previous explorations, the author summarizes the system framework, functional modules and practical applications of the traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines, and looks forward to the development of a traceability system with risk early warning function and expert decision-making function in its functional development. Finally, based on the factors affecting the quality of Chinese herbal medicines, the author puts forward several thoughts on construction of the traceability system, and makes an in-depth analysis and puts forward a solution for the current situation that a unified, standardized and universal traceability system has not yet been built, with a view to providing ideas and references for the construction of traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines.
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ObjectiveRoot rot is one of the most serious diseases in the cultivation and production of Atractylodes lancea. Trichoderma spp. are effective in the biocontrol of root rot without causing environmental pollution. This study aims to isolate and study a Trichoderma strain capable preventing and controlling root rot from the rhizosphere of A. lancea and to solve the problem of disease prevention and control in the planting and production of A. lancea. MethodTrichoderma T2204 was isolated by the dilution-coating method and identified by ITS sequencing. The inhibitory activities of T2204 and its volatiles against two pathogenic fungal strains were examined by dual-culture and co-culture experiments. The biocontrol potential of T2204 on root rot of A. lancea and the effect of T2204 on the accumulation of medicinal compounds in the rhizosphere of A. lancea were investigated by pot experiments and GC-MS, respectively. In addition, the optimal medium, photoperiod, temperature, pH, and carbon and nitrogen sources for the culture of T2204 were explored. ResultThe Trichoderma isolate T2204 was identified as T. citrinoviride and had direct inhibitory effects on two highly pathogenic strains causing root rot. In the dual-culture experiments with the two pathogenic strains, T2204 showcased the inhibition rates of 77.90% and 76.80%, respectively. In the co-culture experiments with the two pathogenic strains, the volatile organic compounds produced by T2204 showed the inhibition rates of 57.11% and 81.11%, respectively. The pot experiments showed that the survival rate of A. lancea seedlings infected by root rot reached 100% after inoculation with T2204 and was only 50% in the case without inoculation of T2204. After 150 days of cultivation, the dry weight and atractylodin content of the rhizome of A. lancea plants treated with T2204 increased by 32% (P<0.05) and 11%, respectively, compared with the untreated group. The optimal conditions for the growth of T2204 were PDA or PSA medium, photoperiod of 12 h dark/12 h light, 25-30 °C, pH 5-6, carbon sources of glucose, D-fructose, soluble starch, and maltose, and the nitrogen sources of ammonium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The optimal conditions for the sporulation of T2204 were PSA or CMA medium, photoperiod of 12 h dark/12 h light, 20-30 °C, pH 8, carbon source of sucrose, and nitrogen source of sodium nitrate. ConclusionT2204 could improve the growth and root rot resistance of A. lancea and promote the accumulation of medicinal compounds. The findings laid a foundation for the industrialized production and application of T2204 in the production of A. lancea in the future.
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Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(SMB)has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB.Thus,continuous cropping of SMB is an important challenge that needs to be addressed.Contin-uous cropping can alter the metabolic profile of plants,resulting in poor growth and low yield.In this study,we tried to image the spatial location and variation of endogenous metabolites in continuously cropped SMB using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI).Spatially resolved expressions of tanshinones,salvianolic acids,polyamines,phenolic acids,amino acids,and oligosaccharides in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots were compared.The ex-pressions of dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ,tanshinone Ⅱ A,dehydromiltirone,miltirone,dehydrotanshinone ⅡA,spermine,salvianolic acid B/E,tetrasaccharide,and pentasaccharide in continuously cropped SMB roots were much lower than those in normal roots.There was little difference in the expressions of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid A in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots.Ferulic acid was more widely distributed in xylem of normal SMB but strongly expressed in xylem,phloem,and cambium of continuously cropped SMB.The spatially resolved metabolite information enhances our understanding of the metabolic signature of continuously cropped SMB and also provides insights into the metabolic ef-fects of continuous cropping in other plants.
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Continuous cropping obstacle is the bottleneck of medicinal plant cultivation, which seriously affects the quality and yield of medicinal materials. The research on the mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle has evolved from soil physical and chemical properties and allelopathy in the 1970s to the changes of rhizosphere microenvironment and plant response mechanism at present. According to the available studies in this field and our previous research work, we systematically analyzed the mechanism of rhizosphere exudate-mediated microbial community reconstruction in the soil of the medicinal plants in continuous cropping. Specifically, rhizosphere exudates, providing the carbon source and energy for microbial growth, act as inducers or repellents to induce microbial growth or transfer, thereby changing the physicochemical properties (such as acidity) of rhizosphere soil and further altering the structure of rhizosphere microbial community. Further, we comprehensively discussed the ways of synergism between rhizosphere exudates and soil microorganisms in causing harm to the medicinal plants in continuous cropping. That is, rhizosphere exudates mediate the infection of the rhizosphere by pathogenic microorganisms, increase the susceptibility of the nearby plants, inhibit the defense of the host plants, and protect the pathogens to occupy the dominant niche. The synergistic interaction results in the release of more pathogenic factors such as mycotoxins by rhizosphere pathogens, enhanced toxicity of rhizosphere allelochemicals, and deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties. This paper summarizes the role of interaction between rhizosphere exudates and soil microorganisms in the formation of continuous cropping obstacles, aiming to provide a new research idea for revealing the formation mechanism as well as the theoretical support for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of medicinal plants.
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Objective : To study the effect of temperature and light intensity on photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, volatile oil content, and growth of Atractylodes lancea and provide reference for the rational selection of cultivation environment for A. lancea. MethodWe determined the photosynthetic indexes (such as net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, and carboxylation rate), light response curve, CO2 response curve, fluorescence parameters, and the content of four volatile oils in A. lancea under two temperature treatments (32 °C and 22 °C) and two light treatments (full light and shade). ResultThe net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of A. lancea under high temperature + strong light were significantly higher than those under high temperature + weak light and low temperature + strong light. The ability of A. lancea to use weak light at low temperature was the strongest, while the utilization rate of weak light under strong light significantly reduced. The photosynthetic rate of A. lancea at low temperature was more susceptible to light intensity and CO2 concentration than that at high temperature. The maximum photosynthetic rate and apparent quantum efficiency under weak light were significantly higher than those under strong light. The photoreaction efficiency at high temperature was higher than that at low temperature. The total amount of volatile oil in A. lancea treated with high temperature + weak light was the highest, reaching 4.582%. Compared with high temperature + strong light, high temperature + weak light significantly increased the content of hinesol and β-eudesmol in A. lancea by 91.7% and 35.7%, respectively, and low temperature + strong light significantly increased the content of hinesol by 87.5%. The content of β-eudesmol in low temperature + weak light treatment was significantly lower than that in high temperature + weak light treatment. ConclusionTThe growth of A. lancea was affected by the interaction between temperature and light. The light and temperature conditions required for the accumulation of volatile oil were not consistent with those suitable for the growth and development of A. lancea. A. lancea responded to the changes of light and temperature conditions by regulating the synthesis and accumulation of volatile oil.
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OBJECTIVE To es tablish the fingerprints of pith-nodecayed and pith-decayed Scutellaria baicalensis ,and to investigate the difference of their anti-inflammatory activities. METHODS HPLC method was adopted to establish the fingerprints of 5 batches of pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis and 5 batches of pith-decayed S. baicalensis . SIMCA 14.1 software was adopted to screen the markers of weight difference between pith-decayed S. baicalensis and pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis ,using variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 as standard. Using the inhibitory rates of NO ,IL-6 and IL- 1β in supernatant of lipopo- lysaccharide(LPS)-induced monocyte macrophages (RAW264.7 cells)as indexes ,the anti-inflammatory activities of pith-decayed and pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis were evaluated and median effective concentration (EC50)of NO were calculated. The gray correlation method was used for spectrum-effect relationship analysis ;SPSS 26.0 software was used for cluster analysis using the inhibitory rates of NO ,IL-6 and IL- 1β in cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. RESULTS There were 15 common peaks in 5 batches of pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis and 5 batches of pith-decayed S. baicalensis ,and the similarity of them was greater than 0.990. There were total of 8 peaks with VIP 1.0,they were peak 14,12,15,6,10,13,11 and 4. At jcqinge@163.com the concentration of 50 μg/mL,the inhibitory rates of pith- decayed S. baicalensis extract to NO ,IL-6,IL-1 β and the average EC 50 were 62.14%-71.13%,3.32% -18.38% and 93.12%-95.47% and 25.35 μg/mL,respectively;those of pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis extract were 39.52%-50.19%, 6.21%-22.55%,94.10%-96.44% and 58.63 μg/mL,respectively. Average NO inhibition rate of pith-decayed S. baicalensis extract was significantly higher than that of pith- nodecayed S. baicalensis extract;average EC 50 and average IL- 6 inhibitory rate of pith-decayed S. baicalensis extract were significantly lower than those of pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis extract(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in average inhibitory rate of IL- 1β(P>0.05). The correlation degrees of peaks 2-3,5-8 and 10-11 with inhibitory rate of NO were all greater than 0.8. The correlation degrees of peaks 2,5,8-9 with inhibitory rate of IL- 1β were all greater than 0.9. The correlation degrees of 15 common peaks with inhibitory rate of IL- 6 were all less than 0.8. Ten batches of samples could be grouped into two categories ,K1-K5 were clustered into one category and T 12-T16 were clustered into one category. CONCLUSIONS At the concentration of 50 µg/mL,the inhibitory effect of pith-decayed S. baicalensis extract to NO is stronger than that of pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis extract,while the inhibitory effect on IL- 6 is weaker than that of pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis extract;they have similar inhibitory effect on IL- 1β. The corresponding components of peak 6,10-11 are preliminarily identified as main chemical components of the difference in anti-inflammatory activity between pith-decayed S. baicalensis and pith-nodecayed S. baicalensis .
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OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine (Q-14) plus standard care compared with standard care alone in adult with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Study DESIGNSingle-center, open label, randomised controlled trial. SETTINGWuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China, February 27 to March 27, 2020. PARTICIPANTS204 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were randomised in to treatment group and control group, which was 102 patients each group. INTERVENTIONSIn treatment group, Q-14 was administrated at 10g (granules), twice daily for 14 days and plus standard care. In control group, patients were given standard care alone for 14 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREThe primary outcome was conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 viral assay. Adverse events were analyzed in the safety population. RESULTSAmong 204 patients, 195 were analyzed according to the intention to treat principle. There were 149 patients (71 vs. 78 in treatment group and control group respectively) turning to negative via SARS-CoV-2 viral assay. No statistically significance showed in conversion time between treatment group and control group (FAS: Median (IQR): 10.00 (9.00-11.00) vs. 10.00 (9.00-11.00); Mean rank: 67.92 vs. 81.44; P=0.051.). Time to recovery of fever was shorter in treatment group as compared in control group. The disappearance rate of symptom in cough, fatigue, chest discomfort was significantly higher in treatment group. In chest computed tomography (Chest CT) examinations, overall evaluation of chest CT examination after treatment compared with baseline showed more patients improved in treatment group .There were no significant differences in the other outcomes. CONCLUSIONAdministration of Q-14 on standard care for COVID-19 was useful for improvement of symptoms (such as fever, cough, fatigue and chest discomfort), while did not result in a significantly higher probability of negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 viral assay. No serious adverse events were reported. TRIAL REGISTRATIONChiCTR2000030288
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Atractylodes is an East-Asiatic endemic genera that distributed in China, Japan and Russian Far Eastern. As an important resource of medicinal plant, atractylodes has long been used as herbal medicine. To example the significant features in its trueborn quality and geographical distribution, we explored the relationships between medicine quality and habitat suitability in two classifications-lower atractylodin content than the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010) and the other has higher content. We found that the atractylodin content is negatively related to the habitat suitability for atractylodes with lower atractylodin, while the atractylodin content is positively related to the habitat suitability for those with higher atractylodin. By analyzing the distribution of atractylodeswith lower atractylodin content than the standard of Pharmacopeia, we discovered that the main ecological factors that could inhibit the accumulation of atractylodin were soil type (39.7%), soil clay content (26.7%), mean temperature in December (22.3%), Cation-exchange capacity (6%), etc. And these ecological factors promoted the accumulation of atractylodin for the atractylodes with higher atractylodin. By integrating the two classifications, we finally predicted the distribution of atractylodin content in China.Our results realized the query of atractylodes quality in arbitrary coordinates, and satisfied the actually cultivation demands of "Planting area based on atractylodin quality".
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Atractylodes , Entropía , Modelos Teóricos , Plantas Medicinales , Algoritmos , Atractylodes/química , Ecosistema , Furanos/química , Geografía , Estructura Molecular , Plantas Medicinales/química , Curva ROC , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Objective:To compare the volatile constituents in mugwort leaves produced in Qichun, Hubei Province and Nanyang, Henan Province. Methods:The volatile constituents were extracted using headspace heating and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then a qualitative analysis was made according to the standard database provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the relative contents of each constituent were calculated using the peak area normalization method. Results:A total of 59 compounds were identified from the mugwort leaves from Qichun and 51 compounds were identified from the mugwort leaves from Nanyang. These mainly include monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, CxHyOz and other compounds involving the aldehyde, ketone, alkane and benzene. The mugwort leaves from Qichun and Nanyang share 32 common volatile constituents. The chromatographic peak area of identified compounds accounting for 96.38% of GC-MS total chromatographic peak areain Qichun mugwort leaves, versus 95.54% of that in Nanyang mugwort leaves. Conclusion:The headspace heating extraction combined with GC-MS technology can evidently display similarities and differences of volatile constituents in mugwort leaves produced in different areas and thus provide scientific basis for the quality and screening of mugwort leaves.
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The quality and safety of Panax notoginseng products has become a focus of concern in recent years. Contamination with heavy metals is one of the important factors as to P. notoginseng safety. Cleaning treatments can remove dust, soil, impurities or even heavy metals and pesticide residues on agricultural products. But effects of cleaning treatments on the heavy metal content of P. notoginseng roots have still not been studied. In order to elucidate this issue, the effects of five different cleaning treatments (CK, no treatment; T1, warm water (50°C) washing; T2, tap water (10°C) washing; T3, drying followed by polishing; and T4, drying followed by tap water (10°C) washing) on P. notoginseng roots' heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) contents were studied. The results showed that heavy metal (all five) content in the three parts all followed the order of hair root > rhizome > root tuber under the same treatment. Heavy metal removals were in the order of Hg > As > Pb > Cu > Cd. Removal efficiencies of the four treatments were in the order of T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. Treatments (T1-T4) could decrease the contents of heavy metal in P. notoginseng root significantly. Compared with the requirements of WM/T2-2004, P. notoginseng roots' heavy metal contents of Cu, Pb, As and Hg were safe under treatments T1 and T2. In conclusion, the cleaning process after production was necessary and could reduce the content of heavy metals significantly. Fresh P. notoginseng root washed with warm water (T2) was the most efficient treatment to remove heavy metal and should be applied in production.
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Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Contaminación de Medicamentos/prevención & control , Metales Pesados/análisis , Panax notoginseng/química , Tubérculos de la Planta/química , Rizoma/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Absorción Fisicoquímica , Absorción Fisiológica , Adsorción , China , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Metales Pesados/química , Metales Pesados/metabolismo , Panax notoginseng/crecimiento & desarrollo , Panax notoginseng/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/química , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Tubérculos de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tubérculos de la Planta/metabolismo , Rizoma/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rizoma/metabolismo , Suelo/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Solubilidad , Espectrofotometría AtómicaRESUMEN
This paper introduced a new identification method, the 2-dimensional molecular marking method (2-DM), for Chinese materia medica identification. It can be used in genuine/false discriminating and quality evaluating for the Chinese materia medica. Concept, principle and process of 2-DM method were introduced in this paper. The technical advantages and contributions of 2-DM method in the study of Chinese materia medica were also discussed. Generally speaking, the occurring of 2-DM method would not only expand connotation of identification of Chinese materia medica but provide another effective way for quality evaluating.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Química , Plantas Medicinales , Química , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through comparative study on contents of icariin and total flavonoid of Epimedium acuminatum in different habitats and parts, the distribution and correlation of the two components were observed.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Twenty-four sample spots in four habitats were set up, and the whole plant of these samples was divided as following: leaf, root, stem and rhizome. Total flavonoid and icariin of samples were determined by using the UV method and the HPLC, respectively. The data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The distribution of icariin in different parts had the pattern: leaf > root > stem > rhizome, the total flavonoid content was higher in leaf, but it showed no difference in other parts. Habitat had certain effect on icariin accumulation in E. acuminatum. The significant differences of total flavonoid content in E. acuminatum from different parts were not observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The distribution of icariin from different parts and habitats has high selectivity. Metabolism and accumulation of flavonoid content in each part have no difference. Flavonoid content is less affected by environment. Considering the distribution of icariin and flavonoid content in every part and the growth strategy in different habitats comprehensively, it is reasonable to harvest the aerial part for the sustainable utilization of E. acuminatum.</p>
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Química , Metabolismo , Ecosistema , Epimedium , Química , Metabolismo , Flavonoides , Metabolismo , Estructuras de las Plantas , Química , MetabolismoRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the solution of continuous cropping obstacle of Panax notoginseng.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effects of balanced fertilization and soil amendment on the emergence rate, survival rate, growth and yield of P. notoginseng were studied with a pot culture experiment in 3-year-interval continuous cropping soil.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The result showed that the content of total N, total P, available N, available P and other available components in continuous cropping soil were higher than those in fresh soil while available K and the rate of K/N were declined, and available Cu and some other micro elements were lack. The way of balanced fertilization "low N + fused calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer + high K + lime + micro elements" would significantly enhance the rate of survival, biomass and yield. It also promoted the growth of P. notoginseng in continuous cropping. The bagasse could relieve the continuous cropping obstacle obviously, the survival rate was improved for 31.6% and the yield of medicinal materials was 19.5%. The fly ash had also some effect in relieving the continuous cropping obstacle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The overall results suggested that the adequate fertilization plan is the applying lime, reducing N, applying calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, improving K and supplying mircoelement as well as applying bagasse to resolve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of P. notoginseng.</p>
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Biomasa , Productos Agrícolas , Metabolismo , Fisiología , Fertilización , Nitrógeno , Panax notoginseng , Metabolismo , Fisiología , Fosfatos , Suelo , QuímicaRESUMEN
The contradiction between the ecological environment, natural resources and the development of social and economic has become increasingly conspicuous. Land resources are the physical basis of Chinese medicine resources and habitat of the medicinal organisms. Meanwhile, land resources are also the bridge and tie between Chinese medicine resources and environment that include society and natural environment. Chinese medicine resources exist in the multiplexed system that constituted by the natural ecological environment and the human social environment. So the sustainable use of Chinese medicine resources includes the Chinese medicine resources itself and the nature environment and society environment that exist in. For the sustainable use of the Chinese medicine resources, it is necessary to study the change of Chinese medicine resources, the change of environment and the relationship between the Chinese medicine resources and environment that exist in. The technology method and result of land use and land cover change study, that can be use in the field of Chinese medicine resources change study. It can help researchers show the history, process, reason, and forecast the trend and result of Chinese medicine resources change.
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Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Métodos , Medicina Tradicional China , Métodos , Modelos Teóricos , SueloRESUMEN
The paper introduces the current situation and the characteristics of the medicinal plant core collection. It expounds the significance and research methods for the medicinal plant core collection based on molecular phylogeography. Guided by molecular phylogeography, the essay explores the feasibility and methods of medicinal plant core collection for the medicinal plants with rich wild resources and without wild resources. It further forecasts the application of medicinal plant core collection methods on the basis of molecular phylogegraphy.
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Cloroplastos , Genética , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Haplotipos , Filogeografía , Plantas Medicinales , Genética , Scutellaria baicalensis , GenéticaRESUMEN
The process in the studies on physiological effects of rare earth elements in plants and their action mechanisms were summarized in the aspects of seed germination, photosynthesis, mineral metabolism and stress resistance. And the applications of rare earth elements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in recent years were also overviewed, which will provide reference for further development and application of rare earth elements in TCM.
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Medicina Tradicional China , Metales de Tierras Raras , Metabolismo , Fotosíntesis , Plantas Medicinales , Química , Metabolismo , SueloRESUMEN
Applications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in research of medicinal plant cultivation are increased in recent years. Medicinal plants habitat is complicated and many inclusions are in root, however crop habitat is simple and few inclusions in root. So appraisal methods and key technologies about the symbiotic system of crop and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can't completely suitable for the symbiotic system of medicinal plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This article discuss the appraisal methods and key technologies about the symbiotic system of medicinal plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza, and the appraisal of colonization intensity. This article provides guidance for application research of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cultivation of medicinal plants.
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Agricultura , Métodos , Hongos , Fisiología , Micorrizas , Fisiología , Raíces de Plantas , Microbiología , Fisiología , Plantas Medicinales , Microbiología , Fisiología , Microbiología del Suelo , SimbiosisRESUMEN
Hormesis describes the low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition phenomena for all kind lives under toxicity environment. This paper generalized hormesis of medicinal plant on grow and metabolite after introducing the concept and study state of hormesis and analyzing hormesis mechanism and its significance. It points out that hormesis can be well used for medicinal plants growth, including increasing the metabolise, giving a dereaction for cultivated field chosen, guiding the agriculture management during the cultivation and improving the anti-stress.
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Agricultura , Métodos , Plantas Medicinales , MetabolismoRESUMEN
Sanqi, Panax notoginseng, is a famous traditional Chinese herb, which has more than 400 years cultivation history in China. This paper has reviewed the studies on the suitable growing soil conditions for Sanqi, mineral nutrition effects on Sanqi, and the effects of nutrients uptake on the yield and quality of Sanqi by applying fertilizer. Thereafter, research needed to be put further efforts in the future has raised for discussion, and outlined the following topics for further research like the mechanism of mineral nutrition, methods of nutrients deficiency diagnosis on site, suitable cultivated soil grading special fertizer development, disease resistance, and fertilization recommended by soil testing.