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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a standard in cancer therapy, but few patients respond to the treatment. The aim of the present study was the determination of immunological markers for monitoring response to ICI. The present study included 74 patients receiving ICI in subsequent [group 1; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] and first-line setting (group 2; melanoma) and 30 patients with NSCLC receiving first-line chemotherapy. In groups 1 and 2 ß-2 microglobulin (B2-MG), neopterin (NPT), IL-6, IL-18, HLA-DRB1 and autoantibodies were assessed after two months of ICI, and before the start of next administration in group 3. In group 1 low level of B2-MG (P<0.0001), NPT (P<0.0001), IL-6 (P<0.0001), IL-18 (P=0.0003), HLA-DRB1*03 (P=0.016) and anti-TPO antibodies (P=0.016) were associated with response >six months. In group 2 high level of B2-MG (P=0.0001), NPT (P=0.0016), IL-6 (P=0.013) and IL-18 (P=0.032) were associated with early disease progression (
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OBJECTIVES: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is increasingly viewed as autoinflammatory disease associated with the so-called inflammasomopathy. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-18 and IL-1ß, processed through the inflammasome machinery, play an important role in the pathogenesis of AOSD. AOSD is heterogenous, therefore there are two subtypes of the disease, systemic and articular, which probably imply different approaches for the treatment. Over 20% of patients with systemic AOSD have serositis. Recently, colchicine in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has become the "gold standard" for recurrent pericarditis treatment. However, data on this combination therapy in AOSD are scarce. METHODS: In this retrospective case series study, we assessed the medical history of 20 patients with a systemic form of AOSD. All patients had pericarditis and received а combination of NSAIDs (in most cases ibuprofen 600-800 mg x3 daily) and colchicine (1 mg daily) for treatment. RESULTS: 13/20 (65%) of patients responded to this combination of anti-inflammatory drugs. Of note, not only pericarditis, but also other manifestations were improved such as arthritis, rash, hepatomegaly, acute phase reactants, and abnormal liver tests. CONCLUSIONS: The low cost, safety and wide availability of such therapy make this option relevant and determine the need for further study.
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Pericarditis , Serositis , Enfermedad de Still del Adulto , Adulto , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Colchicina/efectos adversos , Humanos , Pericarditis/complicaciones , Pericarditis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedad de Still del Adulto/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Still del Adulto/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Still del Adulto/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis (Anti-MuSK MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by complement-independent dysfunction of the agrin-MuSK-Lrp4 complex, accompanied by the development of the pathological muscle fatigue and sometimes muscle atrophy. Fatty replacement of the tongue, mimic, masticatory and paravertebral muscles, revealed by muscle MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is considered to be a consequence of the myogenic process in anti-MuSK antibody MG in the patients with a plenty long course of the disease. However, in most experimental studies on animal models with anti-MuSK MG, complex presynaptic and postsynaptic changes are revealed, accompanied by the functional denervation of masticatory and paravertebral muscles predominantly. This study presents the MRI, nerve conduction studies (NCS), repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and electromyography (EMG) of neurogenic lesions of the axial muscles (m. Multifidus Th12, L3-L5; m. Erector spinae L4-L5) in two patients K. (51 years old), and P. (44 years old), both of whom were having weakness of the paravertebral muscles for 2-4 months due to anti-MuSK MG. The clinical manifestations, as well as the edematous changes in the paravertebral muscles, regressed after therapy. Thus, these clinical examples may confirm the presence of the neurogenic changes at an early stage of anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis and indicate importance of immediate initiation of therapy to avoid the development of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration.
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Miastenia Gravis , Receptores Colinérgicos , Animales , Humanos , Miastenia Gravis/complicaciones , Miastenia Gravis/diagnóstico , Electromiografía , Atrofia Muscular , Músculos/patología , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas ReceptorasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disease characterized by impairment of normal esophageal peristalsis and absence of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Sometimes is can be a part of some genetic disorders. One of the causes of gastrointestinal motility disorders, including achalasia, is mitochondrial defects. CASE SUMMARY: We report about a pregnant woman with a history of symptoms associated with inherited mitochondrial disease, which was confirmed by genetic tests, and who was treated via peroral endoscopic myotomy. CONCLUSION: Peroral endoscopic myotomy is possible treatment option for a pregnant woman with achalasia caused by mitochondrial disease.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is multifactorial disease, which is characterized by airflow limitation and can be provoked by genetic factors, including carriage of the PiZ allele of the protease inhibitor (Pi) gene, encoding alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT). Both homozygous and heterozygous PiZ allele carriers can develop COPD. It was found recently that normal A1AT regulates cytokine levels, including IL-17, which is involved in COPD progression. The aim of this study was to determine whether homozygous or heterozygous PiZ allele carriage leads to elevated level of IL-17 and other proinflammatory cytokines in COPD patients. Materials and Methods. Serum samples and clinical data were obtained from 44 COPD patients, who included 6 PiZZ, 8 PiMZ, and 30 PiMM A1AT phenotype carriers. Serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All A1AT phenotypes were verified by narrow pH range isoelectrofocusing with selective A1AT staining. A turbidimetric method was used for quantitative A1AT measurements. Results. COPD patients with both PiZZ and PiMZ phenotypes demonstrated elevated IL-17 and decreased IFN-γ levels in comparison to patients with the PiMM phenotype of A1AT. Thereafter, the ratio IL-17/IFN-γ in PiZZ and PiMZ groups greatly exceeded the values of the PiMM group. Homozygous PiZ allele carriers also had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and lower levels of IL-8, and IL-6 values correlated negatively with A1AT concentrations. Conclusions. The presence of the PiZ allele in both homozygous and heterozygous states is associated with altered serum cytokine levels, including elevated IL-17, IL-17/IFN-γ ratio, and IL-6 (only PiZZ), but lower IFN-γ and IL-8.
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Interleucina-17/sangre , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/sangre , alfa 1-Antitripsina/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Femenino , Humanos , Interleucina-17/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/genética , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genéticaRESUMEN
The predictive value of graft composition and plasma biomarkers on the outcome of allogeneic HSCT is well known for conventional GVHD prophylaxis based on calcineurin inhibitors with or without antithymocyte globulin. Currently, there is limited data whether these results could be translated to post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy). The prospective extension cohort of NCT02294552 trial enrolled 79 adult patients with acute leukemia in CR. Twenty-six received matched-related bone marrow (BM) grafts with single-agent PTCy and 53 received unrelated peripheral blood stem cell graft (PBSC) with PTCy, tacrolimus, and MMF. The grafts were studied by the flow cytometry, and plasma samples were analyzed by ELISA. In the cluster and major component analysis, we determined that transplantation from donors with high content of CD3, NKT, and CD16-CD56 + subpopulations in the PBSC grafts was associated with poor immunological recovery and compromised event-free survival (50% vs. 80%, HR 2.93, p = 0.015) both due to increased relapse incidence and non-relapse mortality. The significant independent predictor of moderate and severe chronic GVHD was the high prevalence of and iNKT, Vß11, and double-positive cells in the PBSC grafts from young donors (HR 2.75, p = 0.0483). No patterns could be identified for BM grafts and for plasma biomarkers.
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Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Células T Asesinas Naturales , Adulto , Ciclofosfamida , Humanos , Prevalencia , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms are characterized by clonal hematopoiesis and persistent inflammatory reaction. In this study, the clinical significance and prognostic impact of several inflammatory markers were evaluated in patients with BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative malignancies. METHODS: Serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and lymphoid-associated activation markers - soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and immunoglobulin-free light chains (FLC) - were evaluated in patients with primary myelofibrosis (MF), post-polycythemia vera MF, and post-essential thrombocythemia MF, and compared with the levels in healthy donors. RESULTS: In 57 MF patients, sIL-2R excess correlated with transfusion-dependent anemia (p = 0.03) and splenomegaly (p = 0.02). There were no statistically significant correlations between sIL-2R and IL-8 levels, but the plasma concentration of κ-FLC positively correlated with the IL-8 level (p = 0.027). In univariate analysis, increased levels of IL-8 (p = 0.016) and sIL-2R (p = 0.010) significantly reduced 1-year overall survival. Only elevated sIL-2R rate retained significance (p = 0.02) in multivariate analysis when Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System plus (DIPSSplus) risk stratification was added. CONCLUSION: We observed an association between FLC and proinflammatory cytokine hyperexpression. Serum cytokine levels and FLC might be a promising approach to predicting and monitoring treatment response in MF patients.
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Cadenas Ligeras de Inmunoglobulina/sangre , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Interleucina-8/sangre , Mielofibrosis Primaria/diagnóstico , Mielofibrosis Primaria/inmunología , Receptores de Interleucina-2/sangre , Anciano , Anemia/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Cadenas kappa de Inmunoglobulina/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Policitemia Vera/sangre , Pronóstico , Valores de Referencia , Estadística como Asunto , Análisis de Supervivencia , Trombocitemia Esencial/sangreRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Antibodies against mutated citrullinated vimentin (AMCV) represent a useful diagnostic marker with correlation to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since seropositivity for citrullinated autoantibodies was predictive for response to B-cell depleting therapy (BCDT) with rituximab (RTX), we investigated whether differences in antibody fine reactivity and immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype kinetics among AMCV-positive patients could provide additional information about outcome. METHODS: A total of 50 AMCV IgG-positive RA patients (RTX responders (RRs) n = 37 and non-responders (NRRs) n = 13) were analyzed for reactivity against MCV epitopes and co-existent AMCV isotypes IgM and IgA. Antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 24 weeks after the first cycle of RTX, and compared to kinetics of rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP). RESULTS: Recognized MCV epitopes by AMCV IgG of RRs and NRRs showed similar baseline patterns, with reducing reactivity in RRs and unchanged or even expanding reactivity in NRRs upon RTX treatment. At baseline, RRs were more frequently negative for AMCV subtypes, especially for IgA (68%), compared to NRRs (31%). Being AMCV IgA-negative at baseline indicated a good treatment response to RTX (negative predictive value = 0.86). Co-existence of AMCV IgA and IgG with stable titers upon treatment were associated with poorer responses to RTX. Furthermore, reductions of AMCV IgA levels upon RTX correlated with the improvement of 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28). In comparison, subtypes of RF and ACCP were not of additional value for prediction of RTX response. CONCLUSIONS: Restrictive IgG seropositivity against MCV with treatment-associated decline in fine reactivity and titers was predictive for response to RTX. Double-positivity for AMCV IgG and IgA was associated with failure to respond to BCDT, suggesting a pathogenetic and less sensitive IgA-producing B-cell subset in NRRs.
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Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Péptidos Cíclicos/sangre , Rituximab/uso terapéutico , Vimentina/sangre , Formación de Anticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Formación de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Antirreumáticos/farmacología , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Masculino , Mutación/fisiología , Péptidos Cíclicos/inmunología , Rituximab/farmacología , Vimentina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are potent autoantigenic targets in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). Loss of tolerance to the RA33 complex consisting of hnRNP A2 and its alternatively spliced variants B1 and B2 has been the interest of rheumatologists. A novel ELISA for the detection of anti-hnRNP B1 autoantibodies has been developed to investigate the prevalence thereof in 397 patients with SARD, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathy (SPA), juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), in comparison to 174 controls. Anti-hnRNP B1 autoantibodies were significantly more prevalent in patients with SARD than controls (47/397, 11.8% versus 2/174, 1.1%; P<0.001). In particular, anti-hnRNP B1 were found more frequently in the disease cohorts than in the controls and were present in 24/165 (14.5%) patients with RA, 6/58 (10.3%) SPA, 11/65 (16.9%) SSc, and 4/50 (8.0%) SLE. In RA patients, anti-hnRNP B1 autoantibodies correlated significantly with C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while in patients with SSc it was associated with features of arterial wall stiffness and presence of hypertension. Anti-hnRNP B1 autoantibodies occur in SARD and seem to be correlated with distinct clinical characteristics in patients with RA and SSc.
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Artritis Reumatoide/fisiopatología , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Autoantígenos/sangre , Ribonucleoproteína Heterogénea-Nuclear Grupo A-B/sangre , Esclerodermia Sistémica/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Adulto , Artritis Juvenil/diagnóstico , Artritis Juvenil/inmunología , Artritis Juvenil/fisiopatología , Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Sedimentación Sanguínea , Proteína C-Reactiva/inmunología , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Ribonucleoproteína Heterogénea-Nuclear Grupo A-B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/diagnóstico , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Federación de Rusia , Esclerodermia Sistémica/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Sistémica/inmunología , Síndrome de Sjögren/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Sjögren/inmunología , Síndrome de Sjögren/fisiopatología , Espondiloartropatías/diagnóstico , Espondiloartropatías/inmunología , Espondiloartropatías/fisiopatología , Rigidez VascularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify a biomarker distinguishing patients who, despite a primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) clinical course, may nonetheless benefit from immune therapy. METHODS: The presence or absence of both immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM oligoclonal bands (OCB) was blindly examined in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from a large PPMS patient cohort, and related to clinical and imaging evidence of focal inflammatory disease activity. RESULTS: Using both cross-sectional samples and serial sampling in a subgroup of patients followed prospectively as part of the placebo-controlled OLYMPUS study of rituximab in PPMS, we found that the presence of CSF-restricted IgM OCB (but not of IgG OCB) is associated with an active inflammatory disease phenotype in PPMS patients. This finding was confirmed in an independent, multicenter validation cohort. INTERPRETATION: The presence of CSF IgM OCB may be a biomarker for a subset of PPMS patients with more active inflammatory disease, who may benefit from immune-directed treatments.
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Inmunoglobulina M/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/inmunología , Bandas Oligoclonales/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Inflamación/inmunología , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/líquido cefalorraquídeo , FenotipoRESUMEN
Although the prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been researched extensively in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy, its role in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires further investigation. The present study evaluated the associations between VEGF level and relapse rate and early complications after HSCT. VEGF levels were analyzed in 91 consecutive patients before the start of conditioning, on day 0, on the day of engraftment, and on the day of diagnosis of veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Compared with a normal level, an elevated high VEGF-A level before conditioning was associated with an increased 2-year relapse rate (55% versus 24%, P = .003; hazard ratio [HR], 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49 to 7.08) and decreased event-free survival (20% versus 44%; P = .022; HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.72). No association was found between VEGF level and the incidence of acute GVHD (P > .05). In patients with VOD, VEGF-A level was elevated on day 0 and on the day of VOD diagnosis (P < .05). A low VEGF-A level on day 0 was associated with reduced nonrelapse mortality (14% versus 35%; P = .048; HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.99). Our results indicate that a high VEGF-A level before HSCT increases the risk of relapse, and a high level after conditioning is associated with increased risks of early complications and nonrelapse mortality.
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Neoplasias Hematológicas/sangre , Neoplasias Hematológicas/cirugía , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/mortalidad , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/mortalidad , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/sangre , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Análisis de Supervivencia , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/efectos adversos , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Trasplante Homólogo , Enfermedades Vasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Vasculares/etiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) autoantibodies have been considered specific markers of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The exact mechanisms responsible for the development of these autoantibodies and leading to autoimmunity to this peculiar liver receptor remain elusive. Furthermore, loss of T cell tolerance to ASGPR has been demonstrated in patients with AIH, but it is poorly understood whether such liver-specific T cell responses bear a pathogenic potential and/or participate in the precipitation of AIH. Newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have led to the investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of anti-ASGPR antibodies for AIH. The present review provides an overview of the diagnostic and clinical relevance of anti-ASGPR antibodies. A thorough investigation of the autoreactivity against ASGPR may assist efforts to understand liver autoimmunity in susceptible individuals.