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BACKGROUND: Hiking is a very popular sport in Hong Kong. Serious injuries can sometimes occur in the remote areas not accessible to roads. Aeromedical evacuation service is run by the Government Flying Service (GFS) with emergency physicians and nurses as volunteers in Hong Kong. In this paper we describe the profile and outcome of injured hikers rescued by the GFS. METHODS: In this retrospective review, nature of the complaints, medical team composition, vital signs, clinical assessment and diagnosis on site were collected from the GFS medical record. Demographic data, final diagnoses and outcomes of the patients were retrieved from emergency department (ED) and hospital discharge records. RESULTS: A total of 275 cases were recruited for the 3-year period from January 2003 to December 2005. The mean age of the group was 39 years (range 1-83) with more males (159, 58%) than females. Heat illnesses, injuries and medical problems each constituted about one third of the cases. Lower limb injuries accounted for nearly half of the injuries. About 30% of the rescued hikers did not register to be seen at the ED. Only 48 hikers (17.5%) required admission and four were admitted to intensive/coronary care units for heat stroke and acute coronary syndrome. Five cases of pre-hospital cardiac arrest were recorded. CONCLUSION: Most hikers evacuated by the GFS did not suffer from serious conditions. GFS should still be prepared for the occasional cases that require advanced life support.
RESUMEN
This paper aims to share with the readers about the experience of emergency nursing development and related roles in Hong Kong. The roles of emergency nurses are evolving and triggered by three major historical milestones. The three milestones consist of: (1) Transition of nursing education from hospital training to nursing degree program at universities in 1990; (2) The re-evolution after the establishment of Hospital Authority in 1993; (3) Hong Kong's return to China in 1997. These milestones have contributed immensely to the development of quality nursing education, nursing professionalism with emphasis on specialty knowledge and skill training in Accident and Emergency departments (AED) in Hong Kong. Since 1991, the emergency nursing role has been expanded and extended. Wound management remains one of the major extending roles for emergency nurses, who confine themselves to manage simple wounds. Nurse initiated tetanus immunization, intravenous access; investigations such as electrocardiogram, blood glucose, and urinalysis are well implemented in all AEDs under the governance of guidelines and protocols. Initial triage analgesic for the minor musculoskeletal injury and fever are also part of the triage care in some AEDs in Hong Kong now. To meet the demand and challenge, innovative role development such as lecturer practitioners and emergency nurse practitioners have been piloted and implemented recently. Besides the normal duty, emergency nurses also participate in the work outside the hospitals such as involvement in emergency medical teams to assist in various rescue missions or volunteer for Flight Nursing (Government Flying Services). However, the nursing shortage is another common problem faced by the Hong Kong health care body. With the help of advanced technology, better pre-graduate and specialty-training programs, Hong Kong health care strives to achieve the highest standards of quality care. Emergency nursing role development in Hong Kong is evolving and starts to chart its way to meet the demand.
