Intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma in Nigerians under 40 years of age: a clinicopathological review of eight cases.

Intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a disease commonly seen in patients aged 50 and above. A recent report on intra-oral SCC in the Nigerian population placed the mean age of occurrence for the disease at 50.7 years for male and 49.6 years for females. Age is recognized to be an important factor in the onset and outcome of diseases like cancer. The focus of this study was to conduct a clinicopathological review on the incidence, pattern of presentation, management and outcome of the disease in patients aged 40 years and below seen at the University College Hospital Ibadan, between 1980-1995. During the period under review the total number of cases of SCC was 104, out of which 8 (7.7%) occurred in patients aged 40 years and below. The figure is higher than that of 1-3% obtained in Caucasian studies. The 5 year survival rate of our patients was nil.

Prevalence of pregnancy related oral granuloma in a Nigerian population group and the possible role of contraceptives.

A clinicopathological survey on pregnancy related tumours was carried out on 400 randomly selected pregnant Nigerian women. Fifteen (15) cases of pregnancy granuloma or 'epulis gravidanum' were found. Of these subjects, 287 representing 71.8 percent were on birth control before conception, while 113 or 28.2 percent were not. Nine (9) cases of pregnancy tumour were found in the group on birth control pills and six (6) in the group not on birth control representing an incidence of 3.1 and 5.3 percent respectively. Literature review indicate a general incidence of between 0-2.5 percent. Five of the granuloma regressed post partum, while ten were excised. Patients were followed 1-2 years post partum and no recurrence was recorded, even in patients who have re-commenced on contraceptives.

Factors associated with oro-facial injuries among children in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.

This study was prompted by the dearth of injury data among children in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected prospectively on all children 0-15 years who presented to the King Fahad Hospital at Al Baha with oro-facial injuries over a period of five consecutive years. These records were analyzed for age, gender, seasonal distribution, cause, location and types of injuries. The mean age of the injured children was 6.2 +/- 3.7 years. Falls, motor vehicle accidents followed by direct blunt trauma were responsible for over 97 percent of all oro-facial injuries in children, and over 60 percent of all injuries were due to falls. The forehead, eye, periorbital areas and the mouth accounted for about two-thirds of all injury sites. Most injuries 356 (75.3%) occurred during the summer months while only 117 (24.7%) occurred during the winter months. The difference was significant (P<0.0001). The large majority of injuries, which occurred in children under the age of 6 years, took place at home, while road traffic accidents were the commonest cause of injury in the older children 6 years and above. Following logistic regression analysis, age (6 years and under) was associated with increased risk of injury while the winter months were associated with a lower risk. In addition, the study found no statistically significant difference in the prevalence by sex. Having a safe home environment, health education programmes directed towards the caretakers of young children and legislation in support of seat belts will go a long way towards reducing injuries among children in this community. A multi-disciplinary clinical management approach is envisaged due to the different injury sites and facilities would need to be equipped to take care of all types of oro-facial injuries.

Congenital insensitivity to pain: report of two cases.

Congenital indifference or insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a rare syndrome. It mimics a number of other syndromes categorized under peripheral sensory neuropathies, often making early diagnosis difficult. Two cases from the middle east are presented, highlighting possible diagnostic, and management difficulties.

Intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma in Ibadan: a review of 90 cases.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is considered the commonest of all oral malignancies. Between the period January 1960 and December 1985, 385 cases of oral malignancies were histologically diagnosed at Ibadan; 102 out of these were SCC. There are very few up to date reports in the literature on the incidence of intra-oral carcinoma amongst the Nigerian population, particularly on intra-oral SCC. Therefore, this study analyzed the lesion's incidence according to sex, age, and site prevalence, and also compared the results with studies from other countries.

Fractures of the facial skeleton in Tabuk North West Armed Forces Hospital: a five year review.

A five-year review of nine hundred and eighty maxillofacial injuries seen and treated at the Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia is presented. The dominant age group range was 21-30 years. There were almost twice as many maxillary fractures as mandibular fractures. The most common aetiology was road traffic accidents (RTA), followed by sport traumas. Facial lacerations and contusions followed by neurologic and orthopaedic injuries were the most common concomitant injuries.

Epidemiological study of some factors related to deciduous tooth eruption.

This community based study evaluates the eruption pattern of the Saudi children (0-24 months), living in the North West region of the country. No child under the age of 6 months in this study had any teeth. The number of teeth acquired correlated strongly with age (r = +0.82, t = 18.7, p < 0.001), and moderately with weight (r = +0.63, t = 9.09, p < 0.001). Age and weight having independent effects on the timing of eruption of deciduous teeth. Before teething began, a threshold weight had to be acquired and female teeth emerged with comparatively lower weights than that of males of the same age. Even though age was highly correlated with the number of teeth erupted, the wide range of normal prevents delay in teething from being a useful index of inadequate growth in this community.

Kaposis sarcoma report of a case with exclusive oral involvement.

A case of Kaposis sarcoma presenting exclusively in the oral cavity is reported. Exclusive oral presentation of Kaposis sarcoma is considered extremely rare. At the U.C.H. Ibadan, a total of one hundred and two cases of Kaposis sarcoma were seen in the last 24 years. None of these presented exclusively or concomitantly in the oral cavity, until this case under review. The clinical and histological difficulties that were encountered in diagnosing this exclusive oral presentation are discussed. Literature review on possible pathogenesis is highlighted.

Kaposis sarcoma report of case with exclusive oral involvement

A case of sarcoma presenting exclusively in the oral cavity is reported. Exclusive oral presentation of kaposis sarcoma is considered extremely rare. At the U.C.H. Ibadan; a total of one hundred and two cases of kaposis sarcoma were seen in the last 24 years. None of these presented exclusively or concomitantly in the oral cavity; until this case under review. The clinical and histological difficulties that were encountered in diagnosing this exclusive oral presentation are discussed. Literature review on possible pathogenesis is highlighted

Congenital hemifacial hypertrophy. Report of two cases.

Two cases of congenital hemifacial hypertrophy are described. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this syndrome in a black African population. Possible diagnostic problems are highlighted.

Osteomyelitis of the mandible associated with osteopetrosis: report of a case.

A 45-year-old Nigerian housewife with chronic osteomyelitis associated with osteopetrosis is described and discussed. Haematological and radiographical investigations on routine admission led to the secondary diagnosis of osteopetrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of osteomyelitis of jaws associated with osteopetrosis reported in an African.

Osteopetrosis in a Nigerian woman--a case report.

A case of osteopetrosis complicated by chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible, pathological fractures, pancytopenia and splenomegaly is presented. Family studies revealed a dominantly inherited pattern.

Syndrome of multiple jaw cysts, skeletal anomalies, and basal cell nevi: report of a case.

A Nigerian school boy with the syndrome of multiple jaw cysts, skeletal anomalies, and basal cell nevi is described and discussed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of this syndrome in a black African.