Ease of Handling and Physiological Parameters of Stress, Carcasses, and Pork Quality of Pigs Handled in Different Group Sizes.

The effect of different group sizes of pigs (3, 5, and 10 pigs) during handling on physiological parameters, carcasses, and pork quality traits at the farm and slaughterhouse were evaluated in 360 pigs from five farms (four repetitions or group/treatment/farms). Data was analyzed as a factorial of 3 × 5 (3 treatments × 5 farms) to check effects of treatments by analysis of variance in ANOVA. Ease of handling decreased as the group size increased. However, time taken in handling was not influenced by the group size (p > 0.10). Moving pigs in groups of five animals reduced effects on blood cortisol levels (p < 0.05). Fighting and handling lesions in the carcasses increased for bigger handling groups (p < 0.05). Pigs handled in groups of three and ten animals had a higher pHu and initial temperature in Longissimus thoracis and Semimembranosus (p < 0.05) and lower drip loss in Semimembranosus (p < 0.05). However, meat quality classifications of the carcasses were not affected by treatments. Based on the results, moving groups of five pigs seems to be the best strategy to improve animal welfare, carcasses and pork quality.

Fratura de fêmur distal Salter-Harris tipo II por mecanismo de hiperextensão do membro inferior em atleta: relato de caso / Salter-Harris type II distal femur fracture by hyperextension mechanism of lower limb in athlete: case report

Apresentamos um caso de um adolescente de 14 anos, atleta da categoria sub-15 de um clube de futebol do Brasil, com diagnóstico de fratura de fêmur distal Salter-Harris tipo II por um mecanismo de hiperextensão do membro inferior. Foi optado por tratamento conservador com uso de órtese para imobilização e muletas para deambulação. O acompanhamento foi feito com 7, 21, 56 e 86 dias de evolução com o auxílio de tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e radiografia simples de joelho. O atleta não apresentou nenhum sintoma ou incapacidade após os 90 dias de acompanhamento, mas foi verificada uma epifisiodese no exame de imagem. Apesar de ser uma fratura da placa de crescimento femoral distal comum em adolescentes entre 11 e 14 anos de idade por trauma direto ou por angulação do fêmur distal por um pé fixo ao solo que é golpeado pelo lado por outro individuo, não há relatos de fratura Salter-Harris tipo II por mecanismo de hiperextensão do membro inferior na literatura

We report a case of a 14-year-old athlete in the U-15 category of a soccer club in Brazil with a diagnosis of Salter-Harris type II distal femur fracture due to a hyperextension mechanism of the lower limb. Conservative treatment with bracing and crutches for ambulation was used. Follow-up was performed with 7, 21, 56 and 86 days of evolution with the aid of computed tomography, magnetic resonance and simple knee radiography. The athlete did not present any symptoms or disability after the 90 days of follow-up, but an epiphysiodesis was verified in the image exam. Despite being a common distal femoral growth plate fracture in adolescents between 11 and 14 years-old due to direct trauma or distal femur angulation by a foot fixed to the ground that is struck by the side by another individual, there are no reports of fracture Salter-Harris type II by mechanism of hyperextension of the lower limb in the literature

Produtividade da soja com antecipação da adubação potássica nas culturas da aveia preta, canola e trigo / Soybean yield with anticipated potassium fertilization on crops of black oats, canola and wheat

Aim to analysis to soybean response in function to anticipated potassium fertilization realized in black oat, canola and wheat crops. The experiment was conducted in Integrado College experimental field, in Campo Mourão, PR, in harvest 2013/14. The experimental design adopted was in blocks completely randomized, the treatments were organize in factorial design 3 x 3. The first factor was evaluate three cover crops, sowing in the autumn/ winter season (black oat, canola and wheat) and the second factor was composed to three times to potassium fertilization to soybean (100% to K2O in winter cover crop, 50% in winter cover crop + 50% in soybean and 100% in soybean sowing). The K2O rates was 40 kg ha-1. The evaluation was number of nodes reproductive, number of pods per plant and grain yield. The anticipated the potassium fertilization do not prejudiced grain yield of soybean.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a resposta produtiva da cultura da soja em função da antecipação da adubação com potássio realizada nas culturas da aveia-preta, canola e trigo. O experimento foi conduzido no campus experimental da Faculdade Integrado de Campo Mourão - PR, na safra 2013/14. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo que o primeiro fator consistiu de três plantas de cobertura cultivadas no outono inverno (trigo, aveia preta e canola) e o segundo fator foi composto por três épocas de fornecimento de K2O para a cultura da soja (100% do K2O na cultura de inverno, 50% na cultura de inverno + 50% na soja e 100% na semeadura da soja). A dose de K2O utilizada foi equivalente a 40 kg ha-1. As variáveis avaliadas foram número de nós reprodutivos por planta, número de vagens por planta e produtividade de grãos de soja. A antecipação da adubação com potássio não interferiu na resposta produtiva da cultura da soja.(AU)

Produtividade da soja com antecipação da adubação potássica nas culturas da aveia preta, canola e trigo / Soybean yield with anticipated potassium fertilization on crops of black oats, canola and wheat

Aim to analysis to soybean response in function to anticipated potassium fertilization realized in black oat, canola and wheat crops. The experiment was conducted in Integrado College experimental field, in Campo Mourão, PR, in harvest 2013/14. The experimental design adopted was in blocks completely randomized, the treatments were organize in factorial design 3 x 3. The first factor was evaluate three cover crops, sowing in the autumn/ winter season (black oat, canola and wheat) and the second factor was composed to three times to potassium fertilization to soybean (100% to K2O in winter cover crop, 50% in winter cover crop + 50% in soybean and 100% in soybean sowing). The K2O rates was 40 kg ha-1. The evaluation was number of nodes reproductive, number of pods per plant and grain yield. The anticipated the potassium fertilization do not prejudiced grain yield of soybean.

O presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a resposta produtiva da cultura da soja em função da antecipação da adubação com potássio realizada nas culturas da aveia-preta, canola e trigo. O experimento foi conduzido no campus experimental da Faculdade Integrado de Campo Mourão - PR, na safra 2013/14. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo que o primeiro fator consistiu de três plantas de cobertura cultivadas no outono inverno (trigo, aveia preta e canola) e o segundo fator foi composto por três épocas de fornecimento de K2O para a cultura da soja (100% do K2O na cultura de inverno, 50% na cultura de inverno + 50% na soja e 100% na semeadura da soja). A dose de K2O utilizada foi equivalente a 40 kg ha-1. As variáveis avaliadas foram número de nós reprodutivos por planta, número de vagens por planta e produtividade de grãos de soja. A antecipação da adubação com potássio não interferiu na resposta produtiva da cultura da soja.

Construction of integrative plasmids suitable for genetic modification of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The development of efficient tools for genetic modification of industrial yeast strains is one of the challenges that face the use of recombinant cells in industrial processes. In this study, we examine how the construction of two complementary integrative vectors can fulfill the major requirements of industrial recombinant yeast strains: the use of lactose assimilation genes as a food-grade yeast selection marker, and a system of integration that does not leave hazardous genes in the host genome and involves minimal interference in the yeast physiology. The pFB plasmid set was constructed to co-integrate both LAC4-based and LAC12-based cassettes into the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus to allow yeast cells to be selected in lactose medium. This phenotype can also be used to trace the recombinant cells in the environment by simply being plated on X-gal medium. The excisable trait of the LAC12 marker allows the introduction of many different heterologous genes, and makes it possible to introduce a complete heterologous metabolic pathway. The cloned heterologous genes can be highly expressed under the strong and constitutive TPI1 gene promoter, which can be exchanged for easy digestion of enzymes if necessary. This platform was introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP1 industrial strain where a recombinant with high stability of markers was produced without any change in the yeast physiology. Thus, it proved to be an efficient tool for the genetic modification of industrial strains.