RESUMEN
A simple way to detect and remove trace amounts of WO4(2-) ions from an aqueous solution was demonstrated by their light-harvesting ability and selective excitation energy transfer to a Tb-doped layered yttrium hydroxynitrate matrix.
RESUMEN
We demonstrate a facile controlling of the optical and colorimetric properties of a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer simply by varying the mix ratio of two precursors in a precursor blend. The conversion of a precursor blend results in an entirely new donor-acceptor polymer, distinct from the conjugated polymer of each precursor. Careful optimization of the mix ratio of two precursors results in a black electrochromic polymer.
Asunto(s)
Polímeros/química , Color , Colorimetría , Técnicas ElectroquímicasRESUMEN
A new wastewater treatment process combining a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with chemical sludge disintegration was tested in bench scale experiments. In particular, the effects of the disintegration treatment on the excess sludge production in MBR were investigated. Two MBRs were operated. In one reactor, a part of the mixed liquor was treated with NaOH and ozone gas consecutively and was returned to the bioreactor. The flow rate of the sludge disintegration stream was 1.5% of the influent flow rate. During the 200 days of operation, the MLSS level in the bioreactor with the disintegration treatment was maintained relatively constant at the range of 10,000-11,000 mg/L while it increased steadily up to 25,000 mg/L in the absence of the treatment. In the MBR with the sludge disintegration, relatively constant transmembrane pressures (TMPs) could be maintained for more than 6 months while the MBR without disintegration showed an abrupt increase of TMP in the later phase of the operation. In conclusion, a complete control of excess sludge production in the membrane-coupled bioreactor was possible without significant deterioration of the treated water quality and membrane performances.
