Health-related quality of life in the patients on maintenance hemodialysis: the analysis of demographic and clinical factors.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hemodialysis (HD) patients recently became a nephrologist's focus of interest. HRQoL is an important predictor of outcome in HD patients and need to be regularly assessed. The aim of the present study was to compare the HRQoL of chronic HD patients with general population and to analyze influencing sociodemographic and clinical factors. We included 255 prevalent HD patients from four dialysis centers. HRQoL was measured with The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). This data were compared with control group (N = 132) from the general Croatian population. Comparisons of SF-36 scale scores of HD patients regarding demographic and clinical factors (age, gender, education level, dialysis vintage and diabetes) were also performed and analyzed with a multivariate regression analysis. HRQoL in prevalent HD patients was relatively low (mean Physical Component Summary, PCS = 33.7, mean Mental Component Summary, MCS = 43.0) and was lower compared to the control group from the general population in all HRQoL domains, PCS and MCS scores. Almost 53% of the HD patients had the critical score PCS < 43 + MCS < 51 as the predictor of death and hospitalization. Better HRQoL was revealed in the patients < 65 years old, males, patients with higher educational level and in the patients on maintenance HD less than one year. Age was the only statistically significant predictor of PCS and MCS. Developments of HD technology, treatment of comorbidities, continuous patients' education, social and psychological support and use of other renal replacement modalities, especially kidney transplantation, may improve the HRQoL in these patients.

[Friar Ambroz Testen: Friar's visions turned to paintings]. / Fra Ambroz Testen ­ Naslikana Snovidenja Jednog Fratra.

Fra Ambroz Testen (1897-1984) is undoubtedly one of the most intriguing self-taught painter in modern Croatian art. His work if full of contrasted colours, light and dark, blurred and clear shapes. What do his pieces tell us about his personality? Relying on the psychodynamic analytical model, we can identify manifestations of unconscious psyche in creative expression. This article describes the use of psychodynamic analysis to interpret Fra Testen's paintings.