RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with T-cell-mediated attack of hair follicle autoantigens. As T helper 17 (Th17) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells are crucially involved in the pathogenesis, the role of Th17 and Treg cytokines has not been studied yet. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether AA is associated with alterations in lesional and serum Th17 and Treg cytokines and studied whether they were associated with clinical type. METHODS: Scalp skin samples from 45 patients and eight normal controls were obtained for PCR specific for IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-ß, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12A, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23. Serum cytokines were measured from 55 patients and 15 normal controls using ELISA. RESULTS: Lesional IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly increased in patient group. Moreover, positive correlations were shown between lesional IL-17, IL-22 and disease severity. Serum IL-1, IL-17, TNF-α and TGF-ß were significantly increased, and positive correlation was shown between serum IL-17 and disease severity. CONCLUSION: These results showed significantly high Th17 cytokines in both lesion and serum in AA patients, which may highlight a functional role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of AA.
Asunto(s)
Alopecia Areata/inmunología , Citocinas/sangre , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Alopecia Areata/clasificación , Alopecia Areata/patología , Biopsia , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocinas/genética , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Cuero Cabelludo/metabolismo , Cuero Cabelludo/patologíaRESUMEN
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common disease, which causes hair loss in humans. AA has a genetically complex inheritance. This study investigated the possible correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha) (CXCL1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) genes and the development of AA in the Korean population. Two hundred and thirty-five AA patients and 240 control subjects were recruited. The specific SNPs occurring in the promoter regions of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes (rs3117604, -429C/T and rs3806792, -264T/C, respectively) were genotyped. All data obtained was evaluated using the SNPStats, SPSS 18.0, and the Haploview v.4.2 software platforms. The Odd's ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P values were calculated using multiple logistic regression models. Analyses of the genetic sequences obtained revealed a significant correlation between the two SNPs and the development of AA (rs3117604, P = 0.0009 in co-dominant model 1, P = 0.01 in co-dominant model 2, P = 0.004 in the dominant model, P = 0.005 in the log-additive model, P = 0.012 in allele distribution; rs3806792, P = 0.036 in co-dominant model 2, P = 0.0046 in the log-additive model). The TT and CC haplotypes were also observed to show a significant association with increased risk of AA (TT haplotype, P = 0.0018; CC haplotype, P = 0.0349). Our data suggests that the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes may be associated with AA susceptibility.
Asunto(s)
Alopecia Areata/genética , Quimiocina CXCL1/genética , Quimiocina CXCL2/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Alopecia Areata/diagnóstico , Alopecia Areata/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Genotipo , Haplotipos , Humanos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , República de Corea/epidemiología , Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The transporter 1 ATP-binding cassette sub-family B (MDR/TAP) gene (TAP1) is located in the major histocompatibility complex class II region, and forms a heterodimer that plays a key role in endogenous antigen presentation pathways. Investigation of polymorphisms identified in these loci has revealed an association with several autoimmune disorders. Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease resulting from T cell-induced damage to hair follicles. The present study documents for the first time a comparison between the allelic and genotypic frequencies of TAP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with AA and those of a control group, using a direct sequencing method. Our results suggest an association between a promoter SNP (rs2071480) and susceptibility to this disease.
Asunto(s)
Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Alopecia Areata/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia B, Miembro 2 , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Alopecia Areata/etnología , Alopecia Areata/inmunología , Alopecia Areata/patología , Pueblo Asiatico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Frecuencia de los Genes , Sitios Genéticos , Folículo Piloso/inmunología , Folículo Piloso/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/patologíaRESUMEN
Eruptive vellus hair cysts (EVHC) are small, cystic papules that usually occur on the chest and extremities. Their aetiology is unknown. Fewer than 10 cases of a variant form of EVHC that occur exclusively on the face have been reported. We describe a case of EVHC limited to the right side of the face. To the best of our knowledge, no case of unilateral EVHC has been reported.
