Distribution of regional lymph nodes metastasis in 870 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the suggestions for individualized elective prophylactic neck irradiation with intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: To explore the feasibility of individualized elective prophylactic neck irradiation (iEPNI) for optimizing current approach by investigating metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) distribution in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 870 NPC patients without distant metastasis in Hunan Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were reviewed. LNs' locations were identified based on the 2013 guidelines. The intra-regional lymphatic drainage (IRLD) areas included Station 1st (level VIIa and II), Station 2nd (level III and Va), and Station 3rd (level IV, Vb, and Vc). Other levels were categorized as extra-regional areas. RESULTS: Among the 870 patients, 94.5% cases exhibited LNs metastasis, including unilateral metastasis in 198 patients and bilateral metastasis in 624 patients. In the whole cohort, the most common involved IRLD areas were level IIb (87.1%), VIIa (80.0%), IIa (61.8%), Va (30.6%), IV (21.4%), Vb (8.9%), and Vc (1.1%). Besides, rates of LNs metastasis in Station 1st, 2nd, and 3rd were 94.3%, 61.1%, and 22.9%, respectively. Only four patients (4, 0.5%) revealed skipping metastasis among the three stations. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node metastasis follows an organized pattern from Station 1st to 3rd with scarce skipping metastasis. A potential iEPNI strategy of prophylactic neck irradiation to the ipsilateral latter node-negative station appears promising in NPC patients. Further prospective investigations are warranted to validate the approach.

CT radiomics features of meso-esophageal fat in predicting overall survival of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated by definitive chemoradiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of CT radiomics features of meso-esophageal fat in the overall survival (OS) prediction of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: A total of 166 patients with locally advanced ESCC in two medical centers were retrospectively analyzed. The volume of interest (VOI) of meso-esophageal fat and tumor were manually delineated on enhanced chest CT using ITK-SNAP. Radiomics features were extracted from the VOIs by Pyradiomics and then selected using the t-test, the Cox regression analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The radiomics scores of meso-esophageal fat and tumors for OS were constructed by a linear combination of the selected radiomic features. The performance of both models was evaluated and compared by the C-index. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to analyze the prognostic value of the meso-esophageal fat-based model. A combined model for risk evaluation was constructed based on multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The CT radiomic model of meso-esophageal fat showed valuable performance for survival analysis, with C-indexes of 0.688, 0.708, and 0.660 in the training, internal, and external validation cohorts, respectively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year ROC curves showed AUCs of 0.640-0.793 in the cohorts. The model performed equivalently compared to the tumor-based radiomic model and performed better compared to the CT features-based model. Multivariate analysis showed that meso-rad-score was the only factor associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS: A baseline CT radiomic model based on the meso-esophagus provide valuable prognostic information for ESCC patients treated with dCRT.

Characteristics of local extension based on tumor distribution in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and proposed clinical target volume delineation.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize the characteristics of local extension of eccentric and central nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to improve clinical target volume (CTV) delineation. METHODS: MRI of 870 newly diagnosed NPC patients were reviewed. According to tumor distribution features, the NPCs were divided into eccentric and central lesions. RESULTS: All local invasions presented as continuous invasion from gross lesions and structures adjacent to the nasopharynx were more likely to be invaded. There were 240 (27.6%) and 630 (72.4%) cases with central and eccentric lesions, respectively. The spread of eccentric lesions was centered on the ipsilateral Rosenmüller's fossa; and most anatomic sites had significantly higher invasion rates in the ipsilateral side than the contralateral side (P < 0.05). However, they were at low risk of concurrent bilateral tumor invasion (<10%), except the prevertebral muscle (15.4%) and nasal cavity (13.8%). The extension of central NPCs was centered on the nasopharyngeal superior-posterior wall and was more common in the superior-posterior direction. Furthermore, bilateral tumor invasion into the anatomical sites was common. CONCLUSION: Local invasion of NPC was characterized by continuous invasion from proximal to distal sites. The eccentric and central lesions showed different invasion features. Individual CTV delineation should be based on the distribution characteristics of tumors. The eccentric lesions had a very low probability of invasion into the contralateral tissue; thus routine prophylactic radiation of contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base foramina may not be necessary.

A method for reducing thermal injury during the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy.

Objective: Many studies have demonstrated the heat effect from the holmium laser lithotripsy can cause persistent thermal injury to the ureter. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the use of a modified ureteral catheter with appropriate firing and irrigation to reduce the thermal injury to the "ureter" during the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in vitro. Methods: An in vitro lithotripsy was performed using a modified catheter (5 Fr) as the entrance for the irrigation and the holmium laser fiber while using the remaining space in the ureteroscopic channel as an outlet. Different laser power settings (10 W, 20 W, and 30 W) with various firing times (3 s, 5 s, and 10 s) and rates of irrigation (15 mL/min, 20 mL/min, and 30 mL/min) were applied in the experiment. Temperature changes in the "ureter" were recorded with a thermometer during and after the lithotripsy. Results: During the lithotripsy, the local highest mean temperature was 60.3 °C and the lowest mean temperature was 26.7 °C. When the power was set to 10 w, the temperature was maintained below 43 °C regardless of laser firing time or irrigation flow. Regardless of the power or firing time selected, the temperature was below 43 °C at the rate of 30 mL/min. There was a significant difference in temperature decrease when continuous 3 s drainage after continuous firing (3 s, 5 s, or 10 s) compared to with not drainage (p<0.05) except for two conditions of 0.5 J×20 Hz, 30 mL/min, firing 5 s, and 1.0 J×10 Hz, 30 mL/min, firing 5 s. Conclusion: Our modified catheter with timely drainage reducing hot irrigation may significantly reduce the local thermal injury effect, especially along with the special interrupted-time firing setting during the simulated holmium laser procedure.

TBX3 stimulates proliferation and stem cell self-renewal in bladder carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: With the change of people's lifestyle in recent years, bladder carcinoma has been the second leading cause of death for men. Nevertheless, surgical results of bladder carcinoma are unsatisfying with recurrence and distant metastasis. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new target for bladder carcinoma treatment. METHODS: The protein and mRNA expression levels of TBX3 in bladder carcinoma tissue samples and cells were tested using western blot and qRT-PCR assays, respectively. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were separated with immunomagnetic beads. Expression levels of cell stemness-associated proteins CD44, CD24 and ESA in T24 CSCs and T24 cells were detected by western blot assay. Cell self-renewal ability was detected by stem cell sphere formation assay. CCK-8 and colony formation assays examined cell viability and proliferation. Cell apoptotic level was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Elevated TBX3 expression in bladder carcinoma stimulated cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Stemness-related proteins and TBX3 were highly expressed in T24 CSCs relative to those in normal bladder carcinoma cells. In addition, TBX3 promoted stem cell self-renewal and inhibited cell apoptosis. Finally, qRT-PCR, western blot and cell sphere formation assays revealed that the potential role of TGF-ß1 in the regulation of TBX3. CONCLUSION: TBX3, mediated by TGF-ß1, can promote bladder carcinoma cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and enhance cell stemness. Hence, TBX3 is a potential target to stem cells of bladder carcinoma.

Design and Implementation of Taizhou Integrated Prostate Screening.

A community-based prostate cancer screening program was conducted to assess the morbidity and associated factors for prostate cancer among the subpopulation of men aged ≥50 years in Taizhou, China. Taizhou Integrated Prostate Screening (TIPS) is a large, observational, population-based study of prostate cancer screening data based on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations. A pilot census of all male residents aged 50 years or older was conducted in Luqiao District, one of the field sites of the TIPS cohort in the city of Taizhou, Zhejiang. The interviewer-administered questionnaire evaluated demographic characteristics and environmental exposure factors. A total of 1,806 out of 3,516 participants completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of PSA ≥4 ng/mL was 11.5%, and included participants at low risk (9.2%), moderate risk (1.7%), and high risk (0.6%). Participants aged 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years had a 2.7-fold, 4.2-fold, and 6.5-fold higher risk of elevated PSA, respectively, in comparison with those aged 50 to 59 years (p < .001). Eighteen patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer, of whom 11 (61.1%) underwent radical surgery. This community-based PSA screening program indicated the results for early detection of prostate cancer among men aged ≥50 years. Early screening and appropriate clinical therapy for the management of prostate cancer are essential in this subpopulation.

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among hospitalized patients in China: a case-control study.

A lack of confidence on the vaccination drive hinders the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among hospitalized patients in China. This case-control study was based on SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance during hospitalization. From April to June 2021, hospitalized patients without documented COVID-19 infection from the Department of Urology were routinely assayed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history of each participant was obtained from their vaccination records. Of the 405 participants, there were 37 seropositive participants (case group) and 368 seronegative participants (control group); 68 participants (16.8%) had received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, including 54 who received the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine and 14 received the Sinopharm vaccine. All seropositive participants who had received one or two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were assessed for at least 16 days, while 31 (8.4%) of 368 seronegative controls who had received the vaccine were tested for 1-94 days. The overall seroconversion rate was 54.4% (37/68) in the vaccinated participants who received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for seropositivity was 6.20 (95% CI: 2.05-18.71) in those received full vaccination with two doses versus those partially vaccinated participants with one dose after adjusting for sex and age. These findings imply that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could have a protective antibody response.

Characteristics of locoregional extension of unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma and suggestions for clinical target volume delineation.

BACKGROUND: To summarize the characteristics of local invasion and distribution of metastatic lymph nodes in unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide references for the optimization of clinical target volume. METHODS: MRI and clinical data of 176 cases of unilateral NPC admitted to the Hunan Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were collected. Unilateral NPC was defined as a lesion confined to the one side of the nasopharynx and had not exceeded the midline as judged by MRI. RESULTS: Ipsilateral levator veli muscle (63.1%, 111/176), tensor veli palatini muscle (55.7%, 98/176), parapharyngeal space (50.0%, 88/176), and prevertebral muscle (43.7%, 77/176) were more likely to be invaded. Contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base foramina were not invaded. All local invasions presented as continuous invasion from gross lesions and discontinuous invasions were not observed. The overall lymph node metastatic rate was 89.8% (158/176), of which bilateral metastasis accounted for 56.3% (89/158), and ipsilateral metastasis accounted for 88.1% (155/176), which was higher than the contralateral metastatic rate (55.4%, 94/176) (P < 0.001). The most common regions of lymph node metastasis were level IIb (82.4%), VIIa (69.9%), IIa (54.0%), and III (54.0%). Only one patient had skipping lymph node metastasis (0.6%). CONCLUSION: Local invasion of unilateral NPC was characterized by continuous invasion from proximal to distal sites, and lymph node metastasis occurred from the upper to lower neck. Contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base foramina had a very low probability of invasion, and routine prophylactic radiation may not be necessary.

MicroRNA-143-3p/TBX3 Axis Represses Malignant Cell Behaviors in Bladder Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To offer new insight for bladder cancer therapy through researching the microRNA-143-3p/TBX3 axis. METHODS: Differentially expressed microRNAs in bladder cancer were provided by databases to find microRNA that may regulate TBX3. qRT-PCR was utilized to test levels of TBX3 mRNA and microRNA-143-3p. Their binding was verified with a dual-luciferase method. Malignant cell behaviors were examined by cell functional experiments. Levels of TBX3 protein and proteins pertinent to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were tested by western blot. RESULTS: TBX3 was highly expressed in bladder cancer cells. MicroRNA-143-3p presented the most conspicuously negative correlation with TBX3, and they had binding sites. Cell functional experiments proved that TBX3 facilitated bladder cancer cell functions and EMT. MicroRNA-143-3p was demonstrated to downregulate TBX3 expression. Rescue assay further illuminated that microRNA-143-3p repressed bladder cancer cell functions and EMT through downregulating TBX3 expression. CONCLUSION: These data all indicated that TBX3 was modulated by microRNA-143-3p and acted as a cancer promoter gene in bladder cancer progression via affecting tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Therefore, a microRNA-143-3p/TBX3 network might be an underlying target for bladder cancer.

Isolation and characterization mesenchymal stem cells from red panda (Ailurus fulgens styani) endometrium.

Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) are undifferentiated endometrial cells with self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation and high proliferation potential. Nowadays, eMSCs have been found in a few species, but it has never been reported in endangered wild animals, especially the red panda. In this study, we successfully isolated and characterized the eMSCs derived from red panda. Red panda eMSCs were fibroblast-like, had a strong proliferative potential and a stable chromosome number. Pluripotency genes including Klf4, Sox2 and Thy1 were highly expressed in eMSCs. Besides, cultured eMSCs were positive for MSC markers CD44, CD49f and CD105 and negative for endothelial cell marker CD31 and haematopoietic cell marker CD34. Moreover, no reference RNA-seq was used to analyse the eMSCs transcriptional expression profile and key pathways. Compared with skin fibroblast cell group, 9104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which are 5034 genes upregulated, 4070 genes downregulated and the top 20 enrichment pathways of DEGs in Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes (KEGG) mainly associated with G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway, carbohydrate derivative binding, nucleoside binding, ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle, DNA replication, Ras signalling pathway and purine metabolism. Among the DEGs, some representative genes about promoting MSCs differentiation and proliferation were upregulated and promoting fibroblasts proliferation were downregulated in eMSCs group. Red panda eMSCs also had multiple differentiation ability and could differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and hepatocytes. In conclusion, we, for the first time, isolated and characterized the red panda eMSCs with ability of multiplication and multilineage differentiation in vitro. The new multipotential stem cell could be beneficial not only for the germ plasm resources conservation of red panda, but also for basic or pre-clinical studies in the future.

Association between health behaviours and the COVID-19 vaccination: risk compensation among healthcare workers in Taizhou, China.

This study is conducted to explore the association between health behaviors and the COVID-19 vaccination based on the risk compensation concept among health-care workers in Taizhou, China. We conducted a self-administered online survey to estimate the health behaviors among the staff in a tertiary hospital in Taizhou, China, from May 18 to 21 May 2021. A total of 592 out of 660 subjects (89.7%) responded to the questionnaire after receiving an e-poster on WeChat. Subjects who had been inoculated with the COVID-19 vaccine were asked to mention the differences in their health behaviors before and after the vaccination. The results showed that there were no statistical differences in health behaviors between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, except in terms of the type of gloves they used (62.8% in the vaccinated group and 49.2% in the unvaccinated group, p = .048). Subjects who received earlier COVID-19 vaccinations exhibited better health behaviors (22.40% increased for duration of wearing masks (P = .007), 25.40% increased for times of washing hands (P = .01), and 20.90% increased for times of wearing gloves (P = .01)). Subjects also revealed better health behaviors (washing hands, wearing gloves, and wearing masks) after vaccination compared to that before. In conclusion, concept of risk compensation was not applied in our findings. The health behaviors did not reduce after the COVID-19 vaccination, which even may improve health behaviors among health-care workers in the hospital setting.

MRI-based radiomics nomogram for predicting temporal lobe injury after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics nomogram model combining radiomic features and clinical factors for the prediction of radiotherapy-induced temporal lobe injury (RTLI) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: From 203 NPC cases receiving radiotherapy, 128 RTLI-positive and 278 RTLI-negative lobes were retrospectively analyzed. They were randomly divided into training (n = 285) and validation (n = 121) sets. Three hundred ninety-six texture features based on T2WI images were extracted from each temporal lobe. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to reduce the dimension of the features and establish a radiomics signature model. Clinical risk factors and the radiomics signature were combined by multivariable logistic regression analysis to construct a radiomics nomogram model. We assessed the performance of the radiomics nomogram on discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. RESULTS: The radiomics signature consisted of 14 selected features that were significantly associated with RTLI. In the training set, the radiomics nomogram model demonstrated a better predictive performance (AUC, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82-0.91) than the radiomics model (AUC, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.78) and clinical model (AUC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67-0.79). These results were confirmed in the validation set. The radiomics nomogram model demonstrated good calibration and was clinically useful by decision curve analysis. CONCLUSION: The radiomics nomogram model combining radiomics signatures and clinical factors is an effective method for the noninvasive prediction of RTLI in NPC patients after radiotherapy. KEY POINTS: • The radiomics model based on T2WI images at the end of intensity-modulated radiotherapy can predict radiotherapy-induced temporal lobe injury in patients with NPC. • Dosimetric factors can improve the prediction performance of the radiomics model in predicting radiotherapy-induced temporal lobe injury. • An MRI-based radiomics nomogram combining radiomics signatures and clinical factors had better prediction performance than both radiomics and clinical model for the prediction of radiotherapy-induced temporal lobe injury in patients with NPC.

Impact of RET Screening on the Management of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A: 10 Years Experience and Follow-Up in Three Families.

BACKGROUND: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) is mainly caused by germline RET codon C634 mutation and is characterized by Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma (PHEO), and hyperparathyroidism (HPTH). The early diagnosis and initial normative treatment are helpful for the long-term outcome of MEN2A. METHODS: Three index cases and their 29 relatives from three families with MEN2A were included in this study. Genetic screening was performed on all participants. Demographic, clinical profiles, tumor histopathologic features, and follow-up records were systematically analyzed. RESULTS: In total, RET C634Y mutation was identified in 10 individuals (10/32, 31.3%). Among them, 5 presented with MTC symptoms, whereas the other 5 did not show apparent clinical manifestation, and all were subjected to thyroidectomy with varying neck dissection. Compared to individuals in the former, the latter benefited greatly from RET screening with significantly younger age at diagnosis of MTC and surgery (18.1 ± 13.8 years vs. 39.0 ± 14.1 years, P =0.045), and lessaggressive MTC behavior (size: 0.74 vs. 2.82 cm, P =0.026; LN+/resected: 20.0% vs. 100.0%, P =0.048) and also lower recurrence rate of MTC (20.0% vs. 100.0%, P =0.048). The PHEO was identified in 6 of the 10 carriers (60.0%), and all had undergone adrenal-sparing surgery. During the 10 years of follow-up, one (16.7%) developed recurrence of PHEO. CONCLUSION: Integrated RET screening, serum calcitonin, and plasma metanephrine/ normetanephrine levels can facilitate the early diagnosis and standardized MTC/PHEO surgery to improve the prognosis of MEN2A. Laparoscopic adrenal-sparing surgery prior to the bilateral total thyroidectomy is a preferred surgical approach for PHEO.

Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord of giant panda.

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) constitute a class of cells with significant self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties and have great potential for therapeutic applications and the genetic conservation of endangered animals. In this study, we successfully isolated and cultured UC-MSCs from the blood vessels of giant panda umbilical cord (UC). The cells were arranged in a vortex or cluster pattern and exhibited a normal karyotype, showing the morphological characteristics of fibroblasts. In addition, we found that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) promoted cell proliferation, whereas stem cell factor (SCF) did not promote cell proliferation. Cultured UC-MSCs were negative for CD34 (hematopoietic stem cell marker) and CD31 (endothelial cell marker), but positive for MSC markers (CD44, CD49f, CD105, and CD73) and stem cell markers (KLF4, SOX2, and THY1). Similar to other MSCs, giant panda UC-MSCs have multiple differentiation ability and can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Giant panda UC-MSCs are new resources for basic research as cell models following their differentiation into different cell types and for future clinical treatments of giant panda diseases.

Pachymic acid protects oocyte by improving the ovarian microenvironment in polycystic ovary syndrome mice†.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are characterized by endocrine disorders accompanied by a decline in oocyte quality. In this study, we generated a PCOS mice model by hypodermic injection of dehydroepiandrosterone, and metformin was used as a positive control drug to study the effect of pachymic acid (PA) on endocrine and oocyte quality in PCOS mice. Compared with the model group, the mice treated with PA showed the following changes (slower weight gain, improved abnormal metabolism; increased development potential of GV oocytes, reduced number of abnormal MII oocytes, and damaged embryos; lower expression of ovarian-related genes in ovarian tissue and pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue). All these aspects show similar effects on metformin. Most notably, PA is superior to metformin in improving inflammation of adipose tissue and mitochondrial abnormalities. It is suggested that PA has the similar effect with metformin, which can improve the endocrine environment and oocyte quality of PCOS mice. These findings suggest that PA has the similar effect with metformin, which can improve the endocrine environment and oocyte quality of PCOS mice.

Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Bone Marrow of Red Pandas.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have strong therapeutic potential due to their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs can also be useful in preserving the current genetic diversity of endangered wildlife. To date, MSCs from various species have been studied, but only a few species of endangered wild animals have been reported. Adult bone marrow (BM) is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize MSCs derived from the BM of red pandas. Red panda BM-MSCs isolated from five individuals were fibroblast-like cells, similar to other species. Cultured BM-MSCs with normal karyotype were negative for the hematopoietic line marker CD34 and the endothelial cell marker CD31 but were positive for MSC markers, including CD44, CD105 and CD90. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed self-renewal and pluripotency genes, including Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4, were also expressed in red panda BM-MSCs. Finally, red panda BM-MSCs had the potential for differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic and neuron-like cells by using a combination of previously reported protocols for other species. We have therefore demonstrated that cells harvested from red panda bone marrow are capable of extensive in vitro multiplication and multilineage differentiation, which is an essential step toward their use in the preservation of red pandas biological diversity and future studies on MSC applications in endangered species.

Effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on ovarian function and embryo quality in mice.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has an adverse effect on reproductive function, in particular causing reduced male reproductive function, but relatively few studies have directly targeted its effects on female reproduction. To investigate the effects of PM2.5 exposure on female reproduction, we exposed female mice to PM2.5 by intratracheal instillation for 28 days, and evaluated apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes and the quality embryos after insemination. Our results showed increased numbers of apoptotic granulosa cells and oocytes after exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2.5, which had adverse effects on female fertility via compromising embryo development and quality. We conclude that PM2.5 induced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes leading to disrupted embryo development and female fertility in mice.

Prognostic Value of the Pretreatment Primary Lesion Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Early identifying the long-term outcome of chemoradiotherapy is helpful for personalized treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of pretreatment quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for NPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relationships between the prognosis and pretreatment quantitative DCE-MRI (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and fpv) values of the primary tumors were analyzed in 134 NPC patients who received chemoradiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to calculate the local-regional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), local relapse-free survival (LRFS), regional relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival, and overall survival rates. Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the independent predictors for prognosis. RESULTS: The local-failure group had significantly higher Ve (p = 0.033) and fpv values (p = 0.005) than the non-local-failure group. The Ve-high group showed significantly lower LRRFS (p = 0.015) , LRFS (p = 0.013) , DMFS (p = 0.027) and progression-free survival (p = 0.035) rates than the Ve-low group. The fpv-high group exhibited significantly lower LRRFS (p = 0.004) and LRFS (p = 0.005) rates than the fpv-low group. Ve was the independent predictor for LRRFS (p = 0.008), LRFS (p = 0.007), DMFS (p = 0.041), and overall survival (p = 0.022). fpv was the independent indicator for LRRFS (p = 0.003) and LRFS (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Baseline quantitative DCE-MRI may be valuable in predicting the prognosis for NPC.