RESUMEN
The controversy surrounding whether serum total cholesterol is a risk factor for the graded progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has prompted this study to develop an authentic prediction model using a machine learning (ML) algorithm. The objective was to investigate whether serum total cholesterol plays a significant role in the progression of KOA. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the public database DRYAD. LASSO regression was employed to identify risk factors associated with the graded progression of KOA. Additionally, six ML algorithms were utilized in conjunction with clinical features and relevant variables to construct a prediction model. The significance and ranking of variables were carefully analyzed. The variables incorporated in the model include JBS3, Diabetes, Hypertension, HDL, TC, BMI, SES, and AGE. Serum total cholesterol emerged as a significant risk factor for the graded progression of KOA in all six ML algorithms used for importance ranking. XGBoost algorithm was based on the combined best performance of the training and validation sets. The ML algorithm enables predictive modeling of risk factors for the progression of the KOA K-L classification and confirms that serum total cholesterol is an important risk factor for the progression of KOA.
Asunto(s)
Colesterol , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Aprendizaje Automático , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Humanos , Colesterol/sangre , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , AlgoritmosRESUMEN
Edible offal of farmed animals can accumulate cadmium (Cd). However, no studies have investigated Cd bioavailability and its health effects. Here, based on mouse models, market pork kidney samples exhibited high Cd relative bioavailability of 74.5 ± 11.2% (n = 26), close to 83.8 ± 7.80% in Cd-rice (n = 5). This was mainly due to high vitamin D3 content in pork kidney, causing 1.7-2.3-fold up-regulated expression of duodenal Ca transporter genes in mice fed pork kidney compared to mice fed Cd-rice, favoring Cd intestinal absorption via Ca transporters. However, although pork kidney was high in Cd bioavailability, subchronic low-dose (5% in diet) consumption of two pork kidney samples having 0.48 and 0.97 µg Cd g-1 dw over 35 d did not lead to significant Cd accumulation in the tissue of mice fed Cd-free rice but instead remarkably decreased Cd accumulation in the tissue of mice fed Cd-rice (0.48 µg Cd g-1) by â¼50% and increased abundance of gut probiotics (Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus). Overall, this study contributed to our understanding of the bioavailability and health effects associated with Cd in edible offal, providing mechanistic insights into pork kidney consumption safety based on Cd bioavailability.
Asunto(s)
Cadmio , Riñón , Animales , Cadmio/metabolismo , Ratones , Riñón/metabolismo , Porcinos , Disponibilidad BiológicaRESUMEN
Dental calculus severely affects the oral health of humans and animal pets. Calculus deposition affects the gingival appearance and causes inflammation. Failure to remove dental calculus from the dentition results in oral diseases such as periodontitis. Apart from adversely affecting oral health, some systemic diseases are closely related to dental calculus deposition. Hence, identifying the mechanisms of dental calculus formation helps protect oral and systemic health. A plethora of biological and physicochemical factors contribute to the physiological equilibrium in the oral cavity. Bacteria are an important part of the equation. Calculus formation commences when the bacterial equilibrium is broken. Bacteria accumulate locally and form biofilms on the tooth surface. The bacteria promote increases in local calcium and phosphorus concentrations, which triggers biomineralization and the development of dental calculus. Current treatments only help to relieve the symptoms caused by calculus deposition. These symptoms are prone to relapse if calculus removal is not under control. There is a need for a treatment regime that combines short-term and long-term goals in addressing calculus formation. The present review introduces the mechanisms of dental calculus formation, influencing factors, and the relationship between dental calculus and several systemic diseases. This is followed by the presentation of a conceptual solution for improving existing treatment strategies and minimizing recurrence.
Asunto(s)
Biopelículas , Cálculos Dentales , Cálculos Dentales/microbiología , Cálculos Dentales/prevención & control , Humanos , Animales , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias/clasificación , Salud Bucal , Boca/microbiología , Calcio/metabolismo , Fósforo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Lappanolides A-N (1-14), 14 undescribed sesquiterpenoids, along with 23 known ones (15-37), were isolated from the roots of Saussurea costus, which were primarily categorized into eudesmane, guaiane, and germacrane types. Lappanolide A (1) possessed an unprecedented pseudo-disesquiterpenoids. Their structures and absolute configurations were established using physical data analyses (HRESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and ECD calculations. All isolated compounds were tested for anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activity. Ten compounds (1, 9, 11, 12, 19, 22, 28, 29, 31, and 36) exhibited activities against HBsAg secretions as determined by ELISA assay, with IC50 values ranging from 5.2 to 45.7 µM. In particular, compounds 28 and 29 showed inhibition of HBsAg secretion with IC50 values of 5.28 and 5.30 µM, and CC50 values of 9.85 and 6.37 µM, respectively, though they all exhibited low selectivity. Several compounds displayed cytotoxicity in the MTT assay. Among them, compound 28 was the most notable and was chosen for further study using flow cytometry. The result showed that it significantly induced HepG2 cell arrest in the S phase and induced apoptosis.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Virus de la Hepatitis B , Saussurea , Sesquiterpenos , Saussurea/química , Humanos , Virus de la Hepatitis B/efectos de los fármacos , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Células Hep G2 , Estructura Molecular , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Raíces de Plantas/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Thymol has efficient bactericidal activity against a variety of pathogenic bacteria, but the bactericidal mechanism against Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) has rarely been reported. In the current study, we investigated the bactericidal mechanism of thymol against V. parahemolyticus. The Results revealed that 150 µg/mL of thymol had 99.9% bactericidal activity on V. parahemolyticus. Intracellular bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA breakage were checked by cell staining. The exogenous addition of H2O2 and catalase promoted and alleviated thymol-induced cell death to a certain extent, respectively, and the addition of the ferroptosis inhibitor Liproxstatin-1 also alleviated thymol-induced cell death, confirming that thymol induced Fenton-reaction-dependent ferroptosis in V. parahemolyticus. Proteomic analysis revealed that relevant proteins involved in ROS production, lipid peroxidation accumulation, and DNA repair were significantly upregulated after thymol treatment. Molecular docking revealed two potential binding sites (amino acids 46H and 42F) between thymol and ferritin, and thymol could promote the release of Fe2+ from ferritin proteins through in vitro interactions analyzed. Therefore, we hypothesized that ferritin as a potential target may mediate thymol-induced ferroptosis in V. parahemolyticus. This study provides new ideas for the development of natural inhibitors for controlling V. parahemolyticus in aquatic products.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Ferroptosis , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Timol , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Ferroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Timol/farmacología , Timol/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hierro/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Ferritinas/genética , Ferritinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genéticaRESUMEN
Fine particulates in city air significantly impact human health, but the hazardous compositional mechanisms are still unclear. Besides the toxicity of environmental PM2.5 to in vitro human lung epithelial cells (A549), the independent cytotoxicity of PM2.5-bound water-soluble (WS-PM2.5) and water-insoluble (WIS-PM2.5) fractions were also compared by cell viability, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS), and inflammatory injury (IL-6 and TNF-α). The cytotoxicity of PM2.5 varied significantly by sampling season and place, with degrees greater in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, related to corresponding trend of air PM2.5 level, and also higher in industrial than urban site, although their PM2.5 pollution levels were comparable. The PM2.5 bound metals (Ni, Cr, Fe, and Mn) may contribute to cellular injury. Both WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5 posed significant cytotoxicity, that WS-PM2.5 was more harmful than WIS-PM2.5 in terms of decreasing cell viability and increasing inflammatory cytokines production. In particular, industrial samples were usually more toxic than urban samples, and those from summer were generally less toxic than other seasons. Hence, in order to mitigate the health risks of PM2.5 pollution, the crucial targets might be components of heavy metals and soluble fractions, and sources in industrial areas, especially during the cold seasons.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Supervivencia Celular , Pulmón , Material Particulado , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Humanos , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Células A549 , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/citología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Solubilidad , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Agua/química , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: We described the perioperative management of a child patient with central core disease for bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. It is safe to avoid triggering agents (volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine) probably in preventing this appearance of malignant hyperthermia (MH). It is important to recognize potential complications and know how to prevent and manage them in patients with this condition. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 5-year-old boy (weight: 8.8 kg; height: 63 cm) presented to the pediatric department after five days of intermittent fever (highest body temperature is 39.3 °C) and cough, and aggravation 1 day, meanwhile he had phlegm in throat but he couldn't cough out. The child was found to have motor retardation at his one-month-old physical examination, then genetic analysis showed central core disease. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed for better treatment under the premise of symptomatic treatment. DISCUSSION: The patients with central core disease are particularly to develop malignant hyperthermia, so adequate precautions are in place to prevent and treat MH before anesthetic induction. The anesthesiologists need to make adequate preoperative anesthesia management strategies to ensure the safety of the child with central core disease for bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. The child was discharged from the hospital one week after anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic treatment. CONCLUSION: We summarized the anesthetic precautions and management in patients with central core disease, meanwhile we offered some suggestions about anesthetic focus on bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage.
RESUMEN
Developing highly sensitive and selective methods that incorporate specific recognition elements is crucial for detecting small molecules because of the limited availability of small molecule antibodies and the challenges in obtaining sensitive signals. In this study, a generalizable photoelectrochemical-colorimetric dual-mode sensing platform was constructed based on the synergistic effects of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-aptamer sandwich structure and nanoenzymes. The MIP functionalized peroxidase-like Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@MIPs) and alkaline phosphatase mimic Zr-MOF labeled aptamer (Zr-mof@Apt) were used as the recognition elements. By selectively accumulating dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a small molecule target model, on Fe3O4@MIPs, the formation of Zr-MOF@Apt-DBP- Fe3O4@MIPs sandwich structure was triggered. Fe3O4@MIPs oxidized TMB to form blue-colored oxTMB. However, upon selective accumulation of DBP, the catalytic activity of Fe3O4@MIPs was inhibited, resulting in a lighter color that was detectable by the colorimetric method. Additionally, Zr-mof@Apt effectively catalyzed the hydrolysis of L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate (AAPS), generating ascorbic acid (AA) that could neutralize the photogenerated holes to decrease the photocurrent signals for PEC sensing and reduce oxTMB for colorimetric testing. The dual-mode platform showed strong linearity for different concentrations of DBP from 1.0 pM to 10 µM (PEC) and 0.1 nM to 0.5 µM (colorimetry). The detection limits were 0.263 nM (PEC) and 30.1 nM (colorimetry) (S/N = 3), respectively. The integration of dual-signal measurement mode and sandwich recognition strategy provided a sensitive and accurate platform for the detection of small molecules.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , Polímeros Impresos Molecularmente , Colorimetría/métodos , Peroxidasa/química , PeroxidasasRESUMEN
The widespread use of copper and tetracycline as growth promoters in the breeding industry poses a potential threat to environmental health. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, the potential adverse effects of copper and tetracycline on the gut microbiota remain unknown. Herein, mice were fed different concentrations of copper and/or tetracycline for 6 weeks to simulate real life-like exposure in the breeding industry. Following the exposure, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), potential pathogens, and other pathogenic factors were analyzed in mouse feces. The co-exposure of copper with tetracycline significantly increased the abundance of ARGs and enriched more potential pathogens in the gut of the co-treated mice. Copper and/or tetracycline exposure increased the abundance of bacteria carrying either ARGs, metal resistance genes, or virulence factors, contributing to the widespread dissemination of potentially harmful genes posing a severe risk to public health. Our study provides insights into the effects of copper and tetracycline exposure on the gut resistome and potential pathogens, and our findings can help reduce the risks associated with antibiotic resistance under the One Health framework.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Cobre , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Tetraciclina , Animales , Cobre/toxicidad , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Ratones , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/genética , Heces/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Prebiotics may stimulate beneficial gut microorganisms. However, it remains unclear whether they can lower the oral bioavailability of early life arsenic (As) exposure via regulating gut microbiota and altering As biotransformation along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, weanling mice were exposed to arsenate (iAsV) via diet (7.5 µg As g-1) amended with fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and inulin individually at 1% and 5% (w/w). Compared to As exposure control mice, As concentrations in mouse blood, liver, and kidneys and As urinary excretion factor (UEF) were reduced by 43.7%-74.1% when treated with 5% GOS. The decrease corresponded to a significant proliferation of Akkermansia and Psychrobacter, reduced percentage of inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) and iAsV by 47.4% and 65.4%, and increased proportion of DMAV in intestinal contents by 101% in the guts of mice treated with 5% GOS compared to the As control group. In contrast, FOS and inulin either at l% or 5% did not reduce As concentration in mouse blood, liver, and kidneys or As UEF. These results suggest that GOS supplementation may be a gut microbiota-regulating approach to lower early life As exposure via stimulating the growth of Akkermansia and Psychrobacter and enhancing As methylation in the GI tract.
Asunto(s)
Arsénico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratones , Animales , Inulina/metabolismo , Prebióticos , Hígado/metabolismoRESUMEN
Myofibroblastic sarcoma (MS) is a malignant tumor of soft tissue or bone that can occur in children or adults, with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. We report a case of low-grade malignant MS of the left shoulder, diagnosed based on pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining. However, the patient had unexplained pleural maculopathy. The patient passed away 6 months after the diagnosis of myofibroblast sarcoma due to multiple metastases throughout the sarcoma. Combined with the patient's history, ancillary findings, and after MDT discussion, the patient was ultimately considered to have a high probability of myofibroblast sarcoma combined with pleural maculopathy. In conclusion, when a patient is diagnosed with myofibroblast sarcoma in combination with pleural macula, in the absence of other causative factors, a deep tissue biopsy of the pleura should be actively performed to confirm the diagnosis.
RESUMEN
Arsenic (As) exposure has been related to many diseases, including cancers. Given the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the dietary supplementation of polyphenols may alleviate As toxicity. Based on a mouse bioassay, this study investigated the effects of chlorogenic acid (CA), quercetin (QC), tannic acid (TA), resveratrol (Res), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on As bioavailability, biotransformation, and toxicity. Intake of CA, QC, and EGCG significantly (p < 0.05) increased total As concentrations in liver (0.48-0.58 vs 0.27 mg kg-1) and kidneys (0.72-0.93 vs 0.59 mg kg-1) compared to control mice. Upregulated intestinal expression of phosphate transporters with QC and EGCG and proliferation of Lactobacillus in the gut of mice treated with CA and QC were observed, facilitating iAsV absorption via phosphate transporters and intestinal As solubility via organic acid metabolites. Although As bioavailability was elevated, serum levels of alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen of mice treated with all five polyphenols were reduced by 13.1-16.1% and 9.83-17.5%, suggesting reduced cancer risk. This was mainly due to higher DMAV (52.1-67.6% vs 31.4%) and lower iAsV contribution (4.95-10.7% vs 27.9%) in liver of mice treated with polyphenols. This study helps us develop dietary strategies to lower As toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Arsénico , Polifenoles , Ratones , Animales , Polifenoles/farmacología , Arsénico/toxicidad , Disponibilidad Biológica , Suplementos Dietéticos , Biotransformación , Proteínas de Transporte de FosfatoRESUMEN
Provisioning can significantly affect the ranging patterns, foraging strategies, and time budget of wild primates. In this study, we document for the first time, the effects of provisioning on the activity budget and foraging effort in an Asian colobine. Over 3-years, we used an instantaneous scanning method at 10-min intervals to collect data on the activity budget of a semiprovisioned breeding band (SPB) of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) (42-70 individuals) at Xiangguqing (Tacheng), Yunnan, China. We then compared the effects of provisioning in our study band with published data on a sympatric wild nonprovisioned breeding band (NPB) of R. bieti (ca. 360 monkeys) at the same field site. The SPB spent 25.6% of their daytime feeding, 17.1% traveling, 46.9% resting, and 10.3% socializing. In comparison, the NPB devoted more time to feeding (34.9%) and socializing (14.1%), less time to resting (31.3%), and was characterized by a greater foraging effort (1.74 versus 0.96, foraging effort = (feeding + traveling)/resting; see Methods). There was no difference between bands in the proportion of their activity budget devoted to traveling (15.7% vs. 17.1%). In addition, the SPB exhibited a more consistent activity budget and foraging effort across all seasons of the year compared to the NPB. These findings suggest that the distribution, availability, and productivity of naturally occurring feeding sites is a major determinant of the behavioral strategies and activity budget of R. bieti. Finally, a comparison of our results with data on six nonprovisioned R. bieti bands indicates that caution must be raised in meta-analyses or intraspecific comparisons of primate behavioral ecology that contain data generated from both provisioned and nonprovisioned groups.
RESUMEN
Few studies have investigated the long-term effect of exposure to arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) via drinking water at the provisional guideline values on gut microflora. In this study, male and female mice were exposed to water As, Pb, or Cd at 10, 10, or 5 µg L-1 for 6 months. At the end of the exposure, the net weight gain of male mice exposed to As and Pb (9.91 ± 1.35 and 11.2 ± 1.50 g) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to unexposed control mice (14.1 ± 3.24 g), while this was not observed for female mice. Relative abundance of Akkermansia, a protective gut bacterium against intestinal inflammation, was reduced from 29.7% to 3.20%, 4.83%, and 17.0% after As, Pb, and Cd exposure in male mice, which likely caused chronic intestinal inflammation, as suggested by 2.81- to 9.60-fold higher mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors in ileal enterocytes of male mice. These results indicate that long-term exposure to drinking water As, Pb, and Cd at concentrations equivalent to the China provisional guideline values can cause loss of protective bacteria and lead to chronic intestinal inflammation, thereby affecting body weight gain in male mice.
Asunto(s)
Arsénico , Agua Potable , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Femenino , Masculino , Animales , Ratones , Cadmio/toxicidad , Plomo , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Skin toxicity of varying severity occurs mostly during various courses of chemotherapy. In clinical trials and practice, we have found that both nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel cause side effects such as rash and pruritus. To further clarify the incidence of rash and pruritus in both, we conducted the present study by a systematic evaluation, the results of which can be used to guide clinical dosing choices. METHODS: An electrical search was performed on randomized controlled research trials of nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel for the treatment of malignancies. The necessary data were extracted, integrated, and analyzed from the included studies by systematic evaluation and meta-analysis, depending on the study design. Further subgroup analyses were performed to explore the incidence of rash and pruritus in nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel. RESULTS: Eleven studies with a total of 971 patients with malignancy were included. Four studies were application of single-agent nab-paclitaxel compared with paclitaxel, and seven studies were comparative chemotherapy drug combinations. The incidence of rash was higher in all grades of nab-paclitaxel than that in paclitaxel (OR=1.39, CI 95% [1.18-1.62]); the incidence of rash was higher in lower grades of paclitaxel than that in solvent-based paclitaxel (OR=1.31, CI 95% [1.11-1.53]); the incidence of rash was higher in all grades in the single-agent application comparison. The incidence of rash was higher in nab-paclitaxel than that in paclitaxel (OR=1.81, CI 95% [1.26-2.59]); there was no significant difference in the incidence of pruritus between nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel (OR=1.19, CI 95% [0.88-1.61]). CONCLUSION: In comparison with paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel significantly increased the risk of a teething rash. There was a significant risk correlation between nab-paclitaxel and teething rash. Early prevention, identification, and treatment of rash could significantly improve patient's quality of life and optimize their clinical survival.
RESUMEN
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) with pericardial involvement is extremely rare. We now report a rare case of malignant PM with constrictive pericarditis as the first presentation. A 59-year-old male diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis underwent pericardiectomy and pericardial pathology revealed mesothelial hyperplasia. Eight months after surgery, the patient was admitted to the hospital with chest tightness and wheezing for 5 days. Computed tomography scan of the chest showed a left lung expansion insufficiency, limited bilateral pleural thickening, pericardial thickening with a small amount of pericardial effusion, and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum, bilateral supraclavicular fossa, bilateral cervical roots, and right axilla. The pleural malignancy should be possibly considered. Pathology after pleural puncture showed malignant PM. Pathology after left supraclavicular lymph node puncture biopsy showed metastatic malignant mesothelioma. The diagnosis of this patient was clear. Although malignant PM rarely involves the pericardial constriction, we cannot ignore the fact that malignant PM involves the pericardium. The patient has been diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis, accompanied by pleural thickening and pleural effusion. Without other pathogenic factors, pleural biopsy should be aggressively performed in patients with constrictive pericarditis to determine the cause.
RESUMEN
Edible seaweed consumption is an essential route of human exposure to complex organoarsenicals, including arsenosugars and arsenosugar phospholipids. However, the effects of gut microbiota on the metabolism and bioavailability of arsenosugars in vivo are unknown. Herein, two nori and two kelp samples with phosphate arsenosugar and sulfonate arsenosugar, respectively, as the predominant arsenic species, were administered to normal mice and gut microbiota-disrupted mice treated with the broad-spectrum antibiotic cefoperazone for 4 weeks. Following exposure, the community structures of the gut microbiota, total arsenic concentrations, and arsenic species in excreta and tissues were analyzed. Total arsenic excreted in feces and urine did not differ significantly between normal and antibiotic-treated mice fed with kelp samples. However, the total urinary arsenic of normal mice fed with nori samples was significantly higher (p < 0.05) (urinary arsenic excretion factor, 34-38 vs 5-7%), and the fecal total arsenic was significantly lower than in antibiotic-treated mice. Arsenic speciation analysis revealed that most phosphate arsenosugars in nori were converted to arsenobetaine (53.5-74.5%) when passing through the gastrointestinal tract, whereas a large portion of sulfonate arsenosugar in kelp was resistant to speciation changes and was excreted in feces intact (64.1-64.5%). Normal mice exhibited greater oral bioavailability of phosphate arsenosugar from nori than sulfonate arsenosugar from kelp (34-38 vs 6-9%). Our work provides insights into organoarsenical metabolism and their bioavailability in the mammalian gut.
Asunto(s)
Arsénico , Arsenicales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Algas Marinas , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Disponibilidad Biológica , Arsenicales/orina , Algas Marinas/química , Ingestión de Alimentos , MamíferosRESUMEN
Microplastics emerge as a new environmental and human health crisis. Minimal research exists on effects of microplastic ingestion on the oral bioavailability of minerals (Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mg) in the gastrointestinal tract via impacting intestinal permeability, mineral transcellular transporters, and gut metabolites. Here, mice were exposed to polyethylene spheres of 30 and 200 µm (PE-30 and PE-200) in diet (2, 20, and 200 µg PE g-1) for 35 d to determine the microplastic effects on mineral oral bioavailability. Results showed that for mice fed diet amended with PE-30 and PE-200 at 2-200 µg g-1, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mg concentrations in the small intestine tissue were 43.3-68.8 %, 28.6-52.4 %, 19.3-27.1 %, 12.9-29.9 %, and 10.2-22.4 % lower compared to control mice, suggesting hampered bioavailability of these minerals. In addition, Ca and Mg concentrations in mouse femur were 10.6 % and 11.0 % lower with PE-200 at 200 µg g-1. In contrast, Fe bioavailability was elevated, as suggested by significantly (p < 0.05) higher Fe concentration in the intestine tissue of mice exposed to PE-200 than control mice (157-180 vs. 115 ± 7.58 µg Fe g-1) and significantly (p < 0.05) higher Fe concentrations in liver and kidney with PE-30 and PE-200 at 200 µg g-1. Following PE-200 exposure at 200 µg g-1, genes coding for duodenal expression of tight junction proteins (e.g., claudin 4, occludin, zona occludins 1, and cingulin) were significantly up-regulated, possibility weakening intestinal permeability to Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mg ions. The elevated Fe bioavailability was possibly related to microplastic-induced greater abundances of small peptides in the intestinal tract, which inhibited Fe precipitation and elevated Fe solubility. Results showed that microplastic ingestion may cause Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mg deficiency but Fe overload via altering intestinal permeability and gut metabolites, posing a threat to human nutrition health.
Asunto(s)
Microplásticos , Plásticos , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Microplásticos/metabolismo , Plásticos/metabolismo , Polietileno/metabolismo , Disponibilidad Biológica , Minerales/metabolismo , Dieta , Zinc/metabolismo , Ingestión de AlimentosRESUMEN
Due to naturally high Ni or soil Ni contamination, high Ni concentrations are reported in rice, raising a need to reduce rice Ni exposure risk. Here, reduction in rice Ni concentration and Ni oral bioavailability with rice Fe biofortification and dietary Fe supplementation was assessed using rice cultivation and mouse bioassays. Results showed that for rice grown in a high geogenic Ni soil, increases in rice Fe concentration from â¼10.0 to â¼30.0 µg g-1 with foliar EDTA-FeNa application led to decreases in Ni concentration from â¼4.0 to â¼1.0 µg g-1 due to inhibited Ni transport from shoot to grains via down-regulated Fe transporters. When fed to mice, Fe-biofortified rice was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in Ni oral bioavailability (59.9 ± 11.9% vs. 77.8 ± 15.1%; 42.4 ± 9.81% vs. 70.4 ± 6.81%). Dietary amendment of exogenous Fe supplements to two Ni-contaminated rice samples at 10-40 µg Fe g-1 also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced Ni RBA from 91.7% to 61.0-69.5% and from 77.4% to 29.2-55.2% due to down-regulation of duodenal Fe transporter expression. Results suggest that the Fe-based strategies not only reduced rice Ni concentration but also lowered rice Ni oral bioavailability, playing dual roles in reducing rice-Ni exposure.