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BACKGROUND: In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and the kidneys (the gut-kidney axis). Currently, the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. This study explores the causal effects of gut microbiota on diabetic nephropathy through Mendelian randomization. METHODS: We carried out a comprehensive Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, drawing on the Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) data for 196 varieties of gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy. The primary analytical approach employed was the inverse-variance weighted, supplemented by the MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. We rigorously assessed heterogeneity with Cochran's Q test and examined pleiotropy via MREgger intercept and MR-PRESSO tests. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we conducted funnel plots and leave-one-out analysis. RESULTS: Our study indicates a causal relationship between the increased risk of diabetic nephropathy and specific gut microbiota, including the Bacteroidia (P=0.01892; OR=1.593; 95%CI, 1.080-2.350), Bacteroidales (P=0.01892; OR=1.593; 95%CI, 1.080-2.350), and LachnospiraceaeUCG008 (P=0.01350; OR=1.452; 95%CI, 1.080-1.953). Conversely, potential protective factors include the Proteobacteria (P=0.00397; OR=0.528; 95%CI, 0.342-0.815), Gammaproteobacteria (P=0.00965; OR=0.474; 95%CI, 0.270-0.834), Lentisphaeria (P=0.04417; OR=0.756; 95%CI, 0.576-0.993), Victivallales (P=0.04417; OR=0.756; 95%CI, 0.576-0.993), and Dialister (P=0.00118; OR=0.513; 95%CI, 0.343-0.768). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the causal effects of gut microbiota on diabetic nephropathy. Identifying the risk and protective factors within the gut microbiota for diabetic nephropathy offers fresh insights and novel approaches for preventing and treating this condition.
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A sensitive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) using time-resolved fluorescence microspheres (TRFMs) coupled with an indirect-labeling mode was developed for simultaneously determining 22 kinds of ß-lactams in milk samples. The TRFMs labeled anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) conjugated to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) as ternary TRFMs-mAb-PBPs (TMP) nanoscaffolds provide excellent solubility, brightness, and stability. Thanks to the fact that they not only fully expose the binding sites of PBPs, thereby enhancing the biological affinity of PBPs towards the target, but also generated superb fluorescence signals, the versatile TMP manifested unique possibilities as efficient probes for ICA with remarkable enhancement in sensitivity in ß-lactams screening. The results showed that the standard curves of the 22 varying ß-lactams displayed linearity in their respective concentration ranges (R2 > 0.98), with the cutoff values of 1-100 ng/mL. The constructed TMP-ICA was successfully applied to the analysis of real milk, with consistent results compared with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), providing an effective method for sensing ß-lactams in food matrices.
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Penicilinas , beta-Lactamas , Animales , beta-Lactamas/análisis , Penicilinas/análisis , Proteínas de Unión a las Penicilinas , Leche/química , Microesferas , Anticuerpos/análisis , InmunoensayoRESUMEN
To avoid false negative results due to the low cross-reactivity rate (CR) in rapid immunoassay, a group-specific antibody with homogeneous CR toward target compounds is needed for accuracy. In this study, tylosin (TYL) and tilmicosin (TM) were selected as model molecules. Firstly, two-dimensional similarity, electrostatic potential energy, spatial conformation and charge distribution of the haptens TYL-CMO, TYL-6-ACA, TYL-4-APA, TYL-CHO and DES-CMO and target compounds of TYL and TM were obtained using Gaussian 09W and Discovery Studio. The optimal hapten was DES-CMO because it is the most similar to TYL and TM. Subsequently, the mAb 14D5 cell line was obtained with IC50 values of 1.59 and 1.72 ng/mL for TYL and TM, respectively, and a CR of 92.44%. Finally, amorphous carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) were conjugated with mAb 14D5 to develop an accurate lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) for detection of TYL and TM by the reflectance value under natural light. The recoveries of TYL and TM ranged from 77.18 to 112.04% with coefficient of variation < 13.43%. The cut-off value in milk samples was 8 ng/mL, and the limits of detection were 11.44, 15.96, 22.29 and 25.53 µg/kg for chicken muscle, bovine muscle, porcine muscle and porcine liver samples, respectively, and the results being consistent with HPLC-UV. The results suggest that the developed LFA is accurate and potentially useful for on-site screening of TYL and TM in milk and animal tissue samples.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Tilosina , Animales , Bovinos , Porcinos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Inmunoensayo , HaptenosRESUMEN
The disordered transformation of the ordered aligned polar liquid crystal molecules in liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) under the influence of an external field imbues them with the unique property of thermally reversible shape memory, making them highly valuable for various applications, particularly in actuators. In this study, we examined the high dielectric constant exhibited by the orientation polarization of polar liquid crystal molecules in RM257-LCE films, which holds significant potential for developing flexible capacitive sensors. By manipulating the flexibility of the molecular chain network and introducing hydrogen bonds and metal ions into the main chain, we were able to enhance the relative dielectric constant of LCEs to an impressive value of 62 (at 100 Hz), which is approximately 23 times higher than for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This elevated dielectric constant displays a noteworthy positive temperature coefficient within a specific temperature range, starting from room temperature and extending to the clearing point. Using this property, we fabricated highly sensitive capacitive, flexible temperature sensors. Moreover, we successfully engineered a flexible pressure sensor with an excellent pressure-sensing range of 0-2 MPa by combining the porous structure of the prepared LCEs with mushroom electrodes. Additionally, the sensor showcases a remarkable capacitance recovery time of 0.8 s at 90 °C. These outstanding features collectively contribute to the excellent pressure-sensing characteristics of our sensor. The findings of this study offer valuable insights and serve as a reference for the design of innovative flexible sensors, enabling advancements in sensor technology.
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To avoid false-positive results in immunoassays due to cross-reactivity of antibodies with structural analogues, especially metabolites of target compounds, the preparation of highly specific antibodies is crucial. Preserving the characteristic structure of a target compound when designing a hapten is important when preparing highly specific antibodies. Here, we designed a novel hapten, 4-(((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4yl)amino)methyl)benzoic acid, named AA-BA, to improve the specificity of antibodies for detection of 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA), a residual marker of dipyrone, an important antipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. The structural features of the hapten remained almost the same as those of MAA. After experimental validation, monoclonal antibody 6A4 (mAb 6A4) was prepared with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.03 ng/mL and negligible cross-reactivity with dipyrone metabolites and other antibiotics. In addition, a specific lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) strip based on colloidal gold was developed for screening MAA with a cutoff value of 25 ng/mL in milk. The developed LFA is a useful tool for rapid and accurate detection of MAA.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Dipirona , Dipirona/farmacología , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Haptenos , Oro Coloide/química , Límite de DetecciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The optimal simulator training duration for flexible optical bronchoscopic (FOB) intubation is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether a learning curve-based training modality was noninferior to a fixed training time modality in terms of clinical FOB intubation time. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, noninferiority study was conducted from May to August 2022. Anesthesiology residents or interns were enrolled. Eligible participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive new learning curve-based simulator training (individualized training time based on performance, group New) or reference fixed training time simulator training (1 hour, group Reference). The primary outcome was the time to complete FOB intubation in patients, which was defined as the time from the introduction of the FOB into the mouth until the first capnography visualization. The margin for detecting clinical significance was defined as 10 seconds. RESULTS: A total of 32 participants were included in the analysis (16 in each group). All trainees successfully intubated the patients. The mean intubation time (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 81.9 (65.7-98.1) seconds in group New and 97.0 (77.4-116.6) seconds in group Reference. The upper bound of the 1-sided 97.5% CI for the mean difference of clinical intubation time between groups was 9.3 seconds. Noninferiority was claimed. The mean duration of the training in group New was 28.4 (95% CI, 23.5-33.4) minutes. The total number of training procedures on simulators in group New was significantly less than that in group Reference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical FOB intubation time in group New was noninferior to that in group Reference.
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Monodomain liquid crystal elastomers (m-LCEs) exhibit large reversible deformations when subjected to light and heat stimuli. Herein, we developed a new method for the large-scale continuous preparation of m-LCE fibers. These m-LCE fibers exhibit a reversible contraction ratio of 55.6%, breaking strength of 162 MPa (withstanding a load of 1 million times its weight), and maximum output power density of 1250 J/kg, surpassing those of previously reported m-LCEs. These excellent mechanical properties are mainly attributed to the formation of a homogeneous molecular network. Furthermore, the fabrication of m-LCEs with permanent plasticity using m-LCEs with impermanent instability without external intervention was realized by the synergistic effects of the self-restraint of mesogens and the prolonged relaxation process of LCEs. The designed LCE fibers, which are similar to biological muscle fibers and can be easily integrated, exhibit broad application prospects in artificial muscles, soft robots, and micromechanical systems.
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Monodomain liquid crystal elastomers (mLCEs) are flexible and biocompatible smart materials that show unique behaviors of soft elasticity, anisotropy, and reversible shape changes above the nematic-isotropic transition temperature. Therefore, it has great potential for application in wearable devices and biologically. However, most of the reported mLCEs have nematic-isotropic transition temperature (TNI) higher than 60 °C; and above this TNI, the tensile strength of the mLCEs decreases by orders of magnitude. These issues have received little attention, limiting their application in humans. Herein, the TNI of mLCEs was reduced from 78.4 °C to 23.5 °C by substituting part of the rigid LC mesogens with a flexible backbone. The physical entanglement of hydrogen bonds between molecular chains alleviated the molecular chain slip caused by the long flexible backbone. The tensile strength remained constant during the phase transformation. Furthermore, dynamic disulfide bonds were used to modify the LC polymer network, imparting it with excellent antimicrobial, programmable, and self-healing properties. To realize its application in the closure of skin wounds, a porous PHG-mLCE/hydrogel patch that was breathable and waterproof was designed to increase skin adhesion (262 N/m).
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Elastómeros , Cristales Líquidos , Humanos , Elastómeros/química , Cristales Líquidos/química , Polímeros/química , Elasticidad , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The absence of patellar ligament will bring about a severe negative impact on daily life. Many reconstruction techniques have been described in adults. However, there is a lack of technical introduction regarding the reconstruction of the patellar ligament in children. The purpose of this study was to report a surgical technique for reconstructing the patellar ligament in children. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data on a patellar ligament (tendon sheath fibroma) patient with allogeneic tendon reconstruction. An 8-year-old child with postoperative recurrence of left patellar ligament tumor was enrolled in our study. Anterior tibialis tendon allograft was used to reconstruct the patellar ligament after complete resection of the patellar ligament for the tumor. The tunnels were constructed on the deep surface of the tibial tubercle and the root of the quadriceps tendon (to decrease the harmful impact on patella development), respectively. The allogeneic tendon was passed through the tunnels above in the shape of "8," and the two ends of the tendon were attached to the bleeding bone bed at the inferior edge of the patella with suture anchors to achieve better bone-tendon healing. During the follow-up, the knee's range of motion and imaging manifestations were recorded. RESULT: Postoperative pathology suggests chondromesenchymal hamartoma, a rare benign soft tissue tumor different from the previous operation (tendon sheath fibroma). During the 4-year follow-up, the patient's active range of motion of the knee achieved 0° to 120°; and the patient could walk normally without any external help. Physical examinations (the apprehension sign and J sign) showed no ligamentous instability or patellar ligament tenderness. Imaging analysis showed that the ratio length of the patellar ligament to the patella was almost normal. The integrity, continuity, and shape of the allogeneic ligament showed excellent results in MRI. Combined with clinical and imaging findings, allogeneic tendon patellar ligament reconstruction was deemed successful. CONCLUSION: Allogeneic ligament reconstruction technique can provide a treatment option by reconstructing the extensor mechanism, minimizing the impact on patellar development, and augmenting biological healing for children with the absence of the patellar ligament.
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Ligamento Rotuliano , Niño , Humanos , Ligamento Rotuliano/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , HuesosRESUMEN
Fibrosis is the main cause of limited range of motion (ROM) of shoulder in patients with frozen shoulder (FS). Overexpression of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been correlated with pathogenesis of FS. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. In the current study, we focused on isolating synovial fibroblasts of FS and determining the influence of IL-6 as well as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway on the fibrotic process of synovial fibroblasts in FS by using RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) and other molecular biology techniques. Synovial fibroblasts of FS express more extra cellular matrix (ECM) than that of control. RNA-seq results and bioinformatic analysis indicate that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway play an important role in the fibrotic process of FS, and IL-6 is the most related gene among those related to this process. The expression levels of IL-6 / IL-6R in FS synovial fibroblasts and IL-6 in culture supernatant were both significantly increased. siRNA interference with the expression of IL-6 attenuates the fibrosis level of FS as well as phosphorylation level of Akt. The findings suggest that synovial fibroblasts are key effector cells of fibrosis of FS. Activation of PI3K-Akt pathway can promote fibrosis of synovial fibroblasts in FS. IL-6 is up-regulated in synovial fibroblasts of FS and promoted the FS fibrosis through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Bursitis , Interleucina-6 , Bursitis/metabolismo , Bursitis/patología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibrosis , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Energy carrier evolution is crucial for material performance. Ultrafast microscopy has been widely applied to visualize the spatiotemporal evolution of energy carriers. However, direct imaging of a small amount of energy carriers on the nanoscale remains difficult due to extremely weak transient signals. Here, we present a method for ultrasensitive and high-throughput imaging of energy carrier evolution in space and time. This method combines femtosecond pump-probe techniques with interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT), named Femto-iSCAT. The interferometric principle and unique spatially modulated contrast enhancement enable the exploration of new science. We address three important and challenging problems: transport of different energy carriers at various interfaces, heterogeneous hot-electron distribution and relaxation in single plasmonic resonators, and distinct structure-dependent edge-state dynamics of carriers and excitons in optoelectronic semiconductors. Femto-iSCAT holds great potential as a universal tool for ultrasensitive imaging of energy carrier evolution in space and time.
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Microscopía , Fenómenos FísicosRESUMEN
The initial responses to standard chemotherapies among prostate cancer (PCa) patients are usually significant, while most of them will finally develop drug resistance, rendering them with limited therapies. To discover new regimens for the treatment of PCa including resistant PCa, natural products, the richest source of bioactive compounds, can serve as a library for screening and identifying promising candidates, and flavones such as apigenin and genistein have been used in lab and clinical trials for treating PCa over decades. In this mini-review, we take a look into the progress of apigenin and genistein, which are isomers, in treating PCa in the past decade. While possessing very similar structure, these two isomers can both target the same signaling pathways; they also are found to work differently in PCa cells. Given that more combinations are being developed and tested, genistein appears to be the more promising option to be approved. The anticancer efficacies of these two flavones can be confirmed by in-vitro and in-vivo studies, and their applications remain to be validated in clinical trials. Information gained in this work may provide important information for new drug development and the potential application of apigenin and genistein in treating PCa.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional outcomes after a novel method of H-loop knotless double-row technique in patients with rotator cuff tears. METHOD: From June 2020 to September 2020, a total of six patients (five women, one man) with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the H-loop knotless double-row technique were enrolled in our study. The average age is 54 years (range: 50-61 years). The preoperative and final follow-up clinical outcome were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analog scale (VAS), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and Constant-Murley score. The active shoulder range of motion (ROM) was also collected preoperatively and postoperatively at the final follow-up (forward flexion and abduction). Accordingly, intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed as well. RESULT: There were six patients that underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the H-loop knotless double-row technique. The average follow-up period was 7.52 ± 0.70 months. The VAS, UCLA, ASES, and Constant-Murley scores improved from 5 ± 2.45, 15.67 ± 3.44, 47.67 ± 17.41 and 49.17 ± 8.98 preoperatively, to 0.83 ± 0.75, 36.27 ± 3.83, 91.67 ± 10.76 and 85.83 ± 4.31 at the final follow-up, with statistical significances of P = 0.009, P < 0.001, P = 0.006, and P = 0.001, respectively. Meanwhile, the active shoulder ROM (forward flexion and abduction) improved from 135.00 ± 46.80 and 125 ± 56.48 preoperatively, to 173.67 ± 4.13 and 172 ± 3.27 at final follow-up, respectively (P = 0.082, P = 0.088). During the follow-up, there were no postoperative complications such as wound-site infection, nerve or vessel damage, subcutaneous hematoma, and suture anchor problems. CONCLUSION: With the benefit of reducing the possibility of strangulation and blood supply affection for the rotator cuff, The H-loop knotless double row technique may be an alternative method to significantly improve subjective functional outcomes and increase the healing rate of medium-sized rotator cuff tears with degeneration issues and poor tissue quality.
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Artroscopía/métodos , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/cirugía , Técnicas de Sutura , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Young's modulus value of infraspinatus tendons using shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in normal adults, and to analyze the influence of gender, postures, exercise, and dominant side on Young's modulus of infraspinatus tendons. METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study. From January 2019 to July 2020, 14 healthy subjects were identified, including seven males and seven females aged between 24 to 34, with a mean age of 27.67 ± 3.08 years. The Young's modulus of their infraspinatus tendons was measured by two operators using SWE in neutral and maximum external rotation positions of both sides before exercise and the dominant side after exercise. The Young's modulus values in different sexes, different postures, before vs after exercise, and dominant vs non-dominant side were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: All 14 subjects completed the data collection process. The mean Young's modulus values of infraspinatus tendon for dominant sides in neutral position were 33.04 ± 3.01 kPa for males and 28.76 ± 3.09 kPa for females. And for non-dominant sides in the neutral position, the values were 33.02 ± 2.38 kPa for males and 28.86 ± 2.47 kPa for females. In the maximum external rotation position, the values for dominant sides were 50.19 ± 4.86 kPa for males and 42.79 ± 4.44 kPa for females, and for non-dominant sides were 50.95 ± 3.24 kPa for males and 42.42 ± 3.66 kPa for females. After exercise, the mean Young's modulus values of infraspinatus tendon for dominant sides in neutral position were 54.56 ± 3.76 kPa for males and 46.66 ± 5.99 kPa for females. And for the maximum external rotation position, the values were 59.13 ± 3.78 kPa for males and 54.49 ± 5.67 kPa for females. The Young's modulus of infraspinatus tendon in the neutral and maximum external rotation positions showed statistically significant differences in males and females, as well as before and after exercise (P < 0.05). However, the difference in Young's modulus between the dominant and non-dominant sides was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Intergroup reliability between both operators was excellent (ICC > 0.85). CONCLUSION: There are gender-related differences and post-exercise increase in Young's modulus, yet such a difference cannot be witnessed between the dominant and non-dominant sides.
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Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Postura/fisiología , Manguito de los Rotadores/diagnóstico por imagen , Manguito de los Rotadores/fisiología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Módulo de Elasticidad , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In the present study, an efficient method based on ligand fishing and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was established to screen, enrich and separate the active components with the α-amylase inhibitory activity from a traditional dish Toona sinensis. The active components were screened from T. sinensis by ligand fishing using the magnetic immobilized α-amylase prepared through solvothermal and crosslinking methods. HSCCC was used to separate the target compound according to the K value. As a result, a potential active compound 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-d-glucose and a non-target compound quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside were separated and identified. In-vitro experiments indicated that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-d-glucose had the activity against α-amylase and the IC50 value was 93.49 ± 0.80 µg/mL which was higher than that of the non-target compound. The result further confirmed the molecular fishing effect of magnetic immobilized α-amylase. The present study can not only find and separate the hypoglycemic substances in T. sinensis quickly and effectively, but also can provide a new approach for the study of natural active components.
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Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Toona/química , alfa-Amilasas/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Distribución en Contracorriente , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/aislamiento & purificación , Ligandos , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lack of physical therapists has led to increment of self-managed rehabilitations in post-arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) in the forms of booklets or leaflets. PURPOSE: The aim of study is to investigate 1) the acceptance of post-ARCR patients towards an education booklet, and 2) whether it could be a timesaving and laborsaving tool to physical therapists. METHODS: An education booklet was established through a systematic review. Patients who underwent ARCR in our hospital were included and randomly assigned to the intervention or control group (27 women, 21 men, mean age=57.06 years old). Patients in the intervention group received educational booklets, and an evaluation was also obtained after they finished reading. Patients' understanding of the booklet was determined by asking patients to re-enact training presented in the booklet. Then, a therapist blinded to allocations would personally demonstrate training to patients until patients fully understood the protocol. For the control group, the same therapist coached patients until the whole protocol was clearly understood. The coaching time for patients in both groups was recorded. RESULTS: Out of 48 patients, 24 (50%) were randomly assigned to the intervention group, and 21 (87.50%) completed their questionnaire. Out of these 21 patients, 20 (95.24%) rated the booklet as "excellent and easy to read", and 17 (80.95%) felt that the booklet was helpful. The re-enaction accuracy was for strengthening training and specific training (71.43% and 61.90%, respectively). As compared to the control group, the time of coaching for the patients to fully master the protocol in the intervention group was significantly less (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients highly applauded this booklet, and they cherished the information and support it contained. Nevertheless, the re-enaction accuracy was not high, suggesting that the high level of acceptance does not guarantee full understanding of information sent to patients.
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BACKGROUND: The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) questionnaire is an effective tool for evaluating shoulder joint function. The development and usage of a mobile version of the ASES questionnaire has the potential to save time, money, and effort. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the equivalence between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire and their acceptability among patients. METHODS: The paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire were used to evaluate the shoulder joint function of 50 patients with shoulder pain. This study included patients from the shoulder clinic of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the agreement (reliability) of the scores obtained by the two methods (paper versus mobile). RESULTS: Of the 50 patients recruited from March 2018 to May 2019, 46 (92%) completed the study. There was a high agreement between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire (ICC=0.979, 95% CI 0.943-0.987; P<.001). The mean difference between the scores of the mobile and paper versions was 1.0, and only 1/46 (2%) had a difference greater than the minimal clinically important difference of 12 points. About 75% of patients preferred the mobile version to the paper version. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the mobile version of the ASES questionnaire is comparable to the paper version, and has a higher patient preference. This could prove to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies and patient follow-up over longer periods of time.
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Ortopedia , Teléfono Inteligente , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ortopedia/normas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The avian gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the health of its host. However, knowledge of gut bacteria in birds lags behind that of other animals. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial communities of lesser white-fronted geese (Anser erythropus) wintering at Shengjin Lake and Caizi Lake, China, using high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Altogether, 1,053,624 high-quality sequences and 4,405 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were acquired from 30 fecal samples (15 per lake). The OTUs represented eight phyla and 17 classes from the Caizi Lake samples and seven phyla and 16 classes from the Shengjin Lake samples. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla. The spatial distance and the Chao1, Simpson, and Shannon indices showed that the alpha diversity differed significantly between the samples from both lakes. The phylogenetic tree and heatmap analyses showed that all the Caizi Lake samples were clustered together and all the Shengjin Lake samples were clustered together. These findings suggest that diet may be an important driver of gut microbial community structure in the birds from each lake, and the obvious differentiation in their gut microbial structures may indicate that the bacteria are highly sensitive to food sources at both lakes.
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Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Gansos/microbiología , Actinobacteria/clasificación , Actinobacteria/genética , Actinobacteria/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacteroidetes/clasificación , Bacteroidetes/genética , Bacteroidetes/aislamiento & purificación , Biodiversidad , China , Firmicutes/clasificación , Firmicutes/genética , Firmicutes/aislamiento & purificación , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Lagos , Proteobacteria/clasificación , Proteobacteria/genética , Proteobacteria/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Density functional theory calculation is used to investigate the oxidation of cyclo-olefin (cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and cyclo-octene) by the complex [FeIV(O)(TQA)(NCMe)]2+, which has S = 2 ground state, and the effect of electronic factors and steric hindrance on reaction barriers. Our results suggest that the oxo-iron(IV) complex can oxidise C-H and C = C bonds via a single-state mechanism, and two different ways of electron transport exist. The energy barriers initially decrease with increasing substrate size, and the trend then reverses. Comparison of the energy barrier in different systems reveals that except for the reaction between [FeIV(O)(TQA)(NCMe)]2+ and cycloheptene, oxo-iron(IV) complexes prefer epoxidation to hydroxylation. However, the hydroxylated product is more stable than the corresponding epoxidated product. This result indicates that the products of epoxidation tend to decompose first. The energy barrier of hydroxylation and epoxidation originates from the balance of orbital interaction and Pauli repulsion from the equatorial ligand and protons on the approaching substrate. In this regard, we calculate the weak interaction between two fragments (oxo-iron complex and substrates) using the independent gradient model and drawn the corresponding 3D isosurface representations of reactants.
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Acetonitrilos/química , Alquenos/química , Aminas/química , Compuestos de Hierro/química , Quinolinas/química , Teoría Funcional de la Densidad , Estructura Molecular , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of salmon calcitonin (sCT) on improving fibrosis-related indicators in frozen shoulder synovial/capsular fibroblasts (SCFs) and detect the potential downstream pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and cell-substrate adhesion assays were used to measure alterations in fibrosis-related molecule expression and the cell adhesion ability of frozen shoulder SCFs after treatment with range concentrations of sCT. The presence of calcitonin receptors (CTRs) in shoulder joint synovial/capsular tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The downstream pathways of sCT in SCFs were further explored by utilizing three classical pathway inhibitors. With the addition of sCT to the culture medium of frozen shoulder SCFs, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of collagen type I (COL1A1), COL3A1, fibronectin 1, laminin 1, transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) showed a descending trend as the sCT concentration increased. Treatment with sCT increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. The enhanced adhesion ability of frozen shoulder SCFs gradually diminished with increasing concentrations of sCT. By using IHC, the CTR was detected extensively in the frozen shoulder joint synovium and capsule. Blocking the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway reversed the sCT-mediated suppression of COL1A1 production. Blocking the PKC or protein kinase A (PKA) pathway eliminated the sCT-induced inhibition of TGF-ß1 production. This study demonstrated that sCT effectively improved the mRNA expression of fibrosis-related molecules and decreased the enhanced cell-substrate adhesion ability of frozen shoulder SCFs. sCT might achieve these effects by interacting with the CTR that is expressed on the SCF surface and by activating the downstream PKC or PKA pathway.