[Identification of key ecological restoration areas for abandoned mining sites in Handan City: Based on ecological function and spatial importance]. / é‚¯éƒ¸å¸‚çŸ¿ä¸šåºŸå¼ƒåœ°çš„ç”Ÿæ€ä¿®å¤å ³é”®åŒºè¯†åˆ«: 基于生态功能与空间的重要性.

The identification of key areas for ecological restoration in national land space is crucial for anchoring the bottom line of urban ecological security. As the core of ecological restoration in many resource-based cities, the zoning construction of abandoned mining sites has practical significance. We classified the abandoned mining sites in Handan City based on ecological functions and spatial importance, aiming to provide theoretical support for the orderly development of urban ecological restoration work. In terms of research framework, we proposed to overlay the importance of ecological protection at the functional level and the ecological security pattern at the spatial level, in order to obtain more accurate identification results of key ecological restoration areas at the urban scale. During the study process, we selected four indicators that fitting the regional characteristics of water conservation, soil conservation, biodiversity conservation, and soil erosion sensitivity for ecological protection importance evaluation, and selected the MSPA-Conefor-SPCA-MCR-circuit theory to construct the ecological security pattern. The results showed that 73 out of the remaining 204 abandoned mining sites belonged to the key ecological restoration areas, with a total area of 1500.9 hm2 in Handan City, which were mainly concentrated in the regions of Gushan, Fenghuangshan, and Fushan mountains. These regions had serious ecological and enviornmental problems, but with enormous potential value. Actively seeking site transformation on the basis of simple greening to extend the value chain and industrial chain of mining ecological restoration may become a more important goal in these regions.

Fine-scale monitoring of catkins reveals an association between catkin concentration and plant community characteristics and microclimate.

Catkins, as a significant source of plant-caused pollution, disrupts daily human activities and industrial processes. Despite their impact, catkins have not been included in official environmental quality monitoring indicators, leading to a deficiency in scientifically rigorous collection and monitoring methodologies, as well as a lack of ecological prevention and management strategies. In this study, we introduced a fine-scale monitoring approach for catkins. Qualitative and quantitative relationships between catkin concentrations, plant community characteristics and microclimate factors were elucidated by analyzing on-site catkin concentration data from 33 representative plant communities in Beijing. Furthermore, we summarized the ecological strategies for the prevention and management of these catkins. The results indicated that (1) TS (three-dimensional green volume of trees in the catkin source layer), SB (three-dimensional green volume of shrubs in the catkin barrier layer), GB (three-dimensional green volume of ground cover plants in the catkin barrier layer), T (three-dimensional green volume of trees in the whole plant community), W (three-dimensional green volume of the whole plant community), species diversity, and relative air humidity were key plant community characteristics and microclimate factors influencing catkin concentration. Among these factors, TS, T, W, and relative air humidity showed a significant positive correlation with catkin concentration, while SB, GB, and species diversity exhibited a significant negative correlation with catkin concentration. (2) All seven key factors exhibited nonlinear relationships with catkin concentration. (3) TS served as the primary deciding factor for catkin concentration within the plant community. When TS > 744.0755 m3, the secondary decision factor for catkin concentration was GB. Otherwise, the determinants were SB and species diversity. The results showed that enhancing tree species diversity, enhancing the three-dimensional green volume of shrubs and ground cover plants, and increasing air humidity were practical means to facilitate the sedimentation of catkins. The measures used to obstruct catkins vary depending on the TS. When catkin source plants are abundant within a plant community, it is advisable to prioritize increasing ground cover plants. Conversely, when fewer sources of such plants exist, emphasis can be placed on augmenting mid-layer shrubs and diversifying plant species. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the planting design and stock optimization of communities containing catkin source plants.

Granulomatous mastitis in a 50-year-old male: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Granulomatous mastitis (GM) an inflammatory disease of the breast that usually affects women of childbearing age, occurs very rarely in males. CASE SUMMARY: We present a case study of a 50-year-old male patient with GM. The patient developed a breast lump following the cleaning of a previously embedded dirt-filled nipple. While an initial improvement was noted with antibiotic therapy, a recurrence occurred a year later, showing resistance to the previously effective antibiotics. Subsequently, the lesion was excised. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GM. CONCLUSION: GM should be considered a possible diagnosis of male breast masses.

Assessing urban park equity in Chaoyang District, Beijing using online review data.

Urban parks are essential components of urban ecosystems, providing vital ecological resources for city residents. However, the rapid expansion of high-density urban areas has led to an unequal distribution of park resources, raising growing concerns about spatial equity. To address these challenges, we employed an improved Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method, considering park quality variations and integrating sentiment scores from park reviews to calculate a comprehensive park accessibility index, accounting for both supply and demand dynamics among park users. The results demonstrate the significance of park management, as users prioritise convenience and cleanliness of public facilities. Recreational quality significantly influences park distribution equity, with areas near Beijing's initial greenbelt zone showing improved accessibility (IA). Nonetheless, our analysis exposes disparities in urban park resource allocation within the Chaoyang District, indicating relative inequity. Spatial supply and demand mismatches, especially in the northwest and southeast, are evident. To enhance park layout equity, we recommend strategies like identifying and repurposing underused spaces, establishing pocket parks and micro-green areas, and improving recreational facilities. It is crucial to address the needs of vulnerable groups such as older residents and children. These insights stress the importance of ensuring fair urban park access to enhance the well-being of all city residents.

Impact of ecological conservation policies on land use and carbon stock in megacities at different stages of development.

Urban expansion, especially the construction of megacities, increases carbon emissions and adversely affects the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems. However, scientific land-use management policies can increase carbon storage. This study takes two megacities at different stages of development, Beijing and Tianjin, as examples to explore the impact of different ecological conservation scenarios on both urban land use and carbon storage to provide recommendations for the construction planning of large cities with low-carbon development as the goal. Furthermore, we coupled the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model with the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model to simulate land use and carbon storage under a natural development scenario, a planned ecological protection scenario (PEPS), and a policy-based ecological restoration scenario (PERS). From 2000 to 2020, both cities had different degrees of construction land expansion and carbon loss, and Tianjin's dynamic degree of construction land was 0.94% higher than Beijing's, with a carbon loss 183,536.19 Mg higher than Beijing's; this trend of reducing carbon reserves will continue under the natural development scenario (NDS). Under the PEPS and PERS, the carbon stock of both cities increases, and the impact on Tianjin is greater, with an increase of 4.51% and 8.04%, respectively. Under PERS, the carbon stock increases the most, but the dynamic degree of construction land use is negative for both cities. Beijing's carbon stock is 0.40% lower than Tianjin's, which deviates slightly from the trend of urban economic development. Megacities in the rapid development stage can refer to Tianjin, strictly following the ecological protection land planning scope and vigorously implementing ecological restoration policies to effectively increase regional carbon stock. Megacities in the mature stage of development can refer to Beijing, and flexibly implement ecological restoration policies to increase regional carbon stock without affecting the city's economic development.

Clinicopathologic Features and Pathogens of Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis.

Background: Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare, benign, and complex breast disease that can be easily misdiagnosed as breast cancer. The etiology of GLM is unclear, and optimal treatment has not been established. Methods: Medical records for 333 patients with GLM in recent 5 years at Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, China, were analyzed. Potential pathogens in 33 fresh tissue specimens were also analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing technology, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, and bacterial cultures. Results: The median age of patients was 32 years (range 22-47 years). Among 333 patients, 38.7% displayed elevated prolactin, while 23.7% displayed high interleukin-2. In the granulomatous lesion, CD3-positive T lymphocytes were significantly more than CD20-positive B lymphocytes around the vacuoles or microabscesses. Gram-positive organisms were observed in 82 cases, including in 22 cases from fresh tissue specimens. Thirty-three cases yielded associated pathogens and all displayed multiple pathogenic infections, as identified using 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Pathogenic infections were further identified as belonging to 16 main genera and 8 main pathogenic species. Conclusions: GLM displays distinct histological and clinical features similar to those that have been previously reported in the literature. Using 16S rDNA sequencing technology, all of our cases demonstrated multiple pathogenic infections, which provided more useful information for clinical treatment.

M-CSF-stimulated myeloid cells can convert into epithelial cells to participate in re-epithelialization and hair follicle regeneration during dermal wound healing.

Dermal wound healing is a complex process which requires the interaction of many cell types and mediators in a highly sophisticated temporal sequence. Myeloid cells which compose of a significant proportion of the inflammatory cells infiltrate to the to a wound site where they play important roles in clearance of damaged tissue and microorganisms. Myeloid cells have the capacity to be converted into fibroblast-like cells and endothelial cells during wound healing process. However, whether myeloid cells in wounds can convert into epithelial cells where they contribute to healing process is not clear. In this study, we performed double immunofluorescent staining with antibodies for hematopoietic cells and keratinocytes as well as cell tracing technique to investigate hematopoietic cell conversion. The result showed that during the healing process, some of the CD45-positive hematopoietic cells also expressed keratin 14, a marker for keratinocytes. Further, double immunofluorescent staining in dermal wounds, using CD11b and K14 antibodies indicated that CD11b-positive myeloid cells were the origin of newly generated epithelial cells. Through tracing injected labeled splenocyte-derived myeloid cells in skin, we confirmed that myeloid cells were able to convert into keratinocytes in repaired skin. Furthermore, our results from in vivo experiments provided new information on contribution of myeloid cells in hair follicle regeneration. In conclusion, this work highlights the myeloid cell contributions in wound repair and hair follicle regeneration through conversion of M-CSF-stimulated CD11b-positive myeloid cells into epithelial cells in a murine model.

Myeloid Adherent Cells Are Involved in Hair Loss in the Alopecia Areata Mouse Model.

Alopecia areata (AA), which is defined as an autoimmune hair loss disease, has a serious impact on the quality of life for patients with AA worldwide. In this study, to our knowledge, a previously unreported method of AA induction in C3H mice has been established and validated. Using this method, we showed that dermal injection of 1-3 million of a mixture of skin cells freshly isolated from AA-affected skin induces AA in more than 80% of healthy mice. Contrary to the previous protocol, the induction of AA by this approach does not need any surgical AA skin grafting, cell manipulation, or high number of activated T cells. We also showed that dermal injection of adherent myeloid cells (mainly CD11b+) in healthy mice is as potent as a mixture of none adherent CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in the induction of AA. Interestingly, most of the mice (7 out of 8) that received non-adherent cells developed AA universalis, whereas most of the mice (5 out of 7) that received adherent cells developed patchy AA. Finally, we found a high number of stage-specific embryonic antigen-expressing cells whose expression in monocytes in an inflammatory disease causes the release of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1ß, from these cells in AA-affected skin.

Split Thickness Grafts Grow From Bottom Up in Large Skin Injuries.

Autologous split thickness skin graft is necessary for the survival of patients with large burns and skin defects. It is not clear how a thin split thickness skin graft becomes remarkably thicker within a few weeks following transplantation. Here, we hypothesized that growth of split thickness graft should be from bottom up probably through conversion of immune cells into collagen producing skin cells. We tested this hypothesis in a preclinical porcine model by grafting split thickness meshed skin (0.508 mm thickness, meshed at 3:1 ratio) on full thickness wounds in pigs. New tissue formation was evaluated on days 10 and 20 postoperation through histological analysis and co-staining for immune cell markers (CD45) and type I collagen. The findings revealed that a split thickness graft grew from bottom up and reached to almost the same level as uninjured skin within 60 days postoperation. The result of immune-staining identified a large number of cells, which co-expressed immune cell marker (CD45) and collagen on day 10 postoperation. Interestingly, as the number of these cells reduced on day 20, most of these cells became positive for collagen production. In another set of experiments, we tested whether immune cells can convert to collagen producing cells in vitro. The results showed that mouse adherent immune cells started to express type 1 procollagen and α-smooth muscle actin when cultured in the presence of fibroblast conditioned media. In conclusion, the early thickening of split thickness graft is likely happening through a major contribution of infiltrated immune cells that convert into mainly collagen producing fibroblasts in large skin injuries.

Fibroblast cell-based therapy prevents induction of alopecia areata in an experimental model.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair loss disease with infiltration of proinflammatory cells into hair follicles. Current therapeutic regimens are unsatisfactory mainly because of the potential for side effects and/or limited efficacy. Here we report that cultured, transduced fibroblasts, which express the immunomodulatory molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), can be applied to prevent hair loss in an experimental AA model. A single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of IDO-expressing primary dermal fibroblasts was given to C3H/HeJ mice at the time of AA induction. While 60-70% of mice that received either control fibroblasts or vehicle injections developed extensive AA, none of the IDO-expressing fibroblast-treated mice showed new hair loss up to 20 weeks post injection. IDO cell therapy significantly reduced infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into hair follicles and resulted in decreased expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the skin. Skin draining lymph nodes of IDO fibroblast-treated mice were significantly smaller, with more CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and fewer Th17 cells than those of control fibroblast and vehicle-injected mice. These findings indicate that IP injected IDO-expressing dermal fibroblasts can control inflammation and thereby prevent AA hair loss.