Operando chemo-mechanical evolution in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes.

Ni-rich LiNi x Co y Mn z O2 (NCMxyz, x + y + z = 1, x ≥ 0.8) layered oxide materials are considered the main cathode materials for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, the endless cracking of polycrystalline NCM materials caused by stress accelerates the loss of active materials and electrolyte decomposition, limiting the cycle life. Hence, understanding the chemo-mechanical evolution during (de)lithiation of NCM materials is crucial to performance improvement. In this work, an optical fiber with µÎµ resolution is designed to in operando detect the stress evolution of a polycrystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (P-NCM811) cathode during cycling. By integrating the sensor inside the cathode, the stress variation of P-NCM811 is completely transferred to the optical fiber. We find that the anisotropy of primary particles leads to the appearance of structural stress, inducing the formation of microcracks in polycrystalline particles, which is the main reason for capacity decay. The isotropy of primary particles reduces the structural stress of polycrystalline particles, eliminating the generation of microcracks. Accordingly, the P-NCM811 with an ordered arrangement structure delivered high electrochemical performance with capacity retention of 82% over 500 cycles. This work provides a brand-new perspective with regard to understanding the operando chemo-mechanical evolution of NCM materials during battery operation, and guides the design of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries.

DEAD-box RNA helicase RH20 positively regulates RNAi-based antiviral immunity in plants by associating with SGS3/RDR6 bodies.

RNA silencing plays a crucial role in defending against viral infections in diverse eukaryotic hosts. Despite extensive studies on core components of the antiviral RNAi pathway such as DCLs, AGOs and RDRs proteins, host factors involved in antiviral RNAi remain incompletely understood. In this study, we employed the proximity labelling approach to identify the host factors required for antiviral RNAi in Nicotiana benthamiana. Using the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-encoded γb, a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), as the bait protein, we identified the DEAD-box RNA helicase RH20, a broadly conserved protein in plants and animals with a homologous human protein known as DDX5. We demonstrated the interaction between RH20 and BSMV γb. Knockdown or knockout of RH20 attenuates the accumulation of viral small interfering RNAs, leading to increased susceptibility to BSMV, while overexpression of RH20 enhances resistance to BSMV, a process requiring the cytoplasmic localization and RNA-binding activity of RH20. In addition to BSMV, RH20 also negatively regulates the infection of several other positive-sense RNA viruses, suggesting the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of RH20. Mechanistic analysis revealed the colocalization and interaction of RH20 with SGS3/RDR6, and disruption of either SGS3 or RDR6 undermines the antiviral function of RH20, suggesting RH20 as a new component of the SGS3/RDR6 bodies. As a counter-defence, BSMV γb VSR subverts the RH20-mediated antiviral defence by interfering with the RH20-SGS3 interaction. Our results uncover RH20 as a new positive regulator of antiviral RNAi and provide new potential targets for controlling plant viral diseases.

Gut dysbiosis contributes to the development of Budd-Chiari syndrome through immune imbalance.

Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS) is a rare and lethal condition characterized by hepatic venous outflow tract blockage. Gut microbiota has been linked to numerous hepatic disorders, but its significance in B-CS pathogenesis is uncertain. First, we performed a case-control study (Ncase = 140, Ncontrol = 63) to compare the fecal microbiota of B-CS and healthy individuals by metagenomics sequencing. B-CS patients' gut microbial composition and activity changed significantly, with a different metagenomic makeup, increased potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Prevotella, and disease-linked microbial function. Imbalanced cytokines in patients were demonstrated to be associated with gut dysbiosis, which led us to suspect that B-CS is associated with gut microbiota and immune dysregulation. Next, 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) mice models examined the link between gut dysbiosis and B-CS. FMT models showed damaged liver tissues, posterior inferior vena cava, and increased Prevotella in the disturbed gut microbiota of FMT mice. Notably, B-CS-FMT impaired the morphological structure of colonic tissues and increased intestinal permeability. Furthermore, a significant increase of the same cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-13) and endotoxin levels in B-CS-FMT mice were observed. Our study suggested that gut microbial dysbiosis may cause B-CS through immunological dysregulation. IMPORTANCE: This study revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis may cause Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS). Gut dysbiosis enhanced intestinal permeability, and toxic metabolites and imbalanced cytokines activated the immune system. Consequently, the escalation of causative factors led to their concentration in the portal vein, thereby compromising both the liver parenchyma and outflow tract. Therefore, we proposed that gut microbial dysbiosis induced immune imbalance by chronic systemic inflammation, which contributed to the B-CS development. Furthermore, Prevotella may mediate inflammation development and immune imbalance, showing potential in B-CS pathogenesis.

Chiral Perovskite Heterostructure Films of CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots and 2D Chiral Perovskite with Circularly Polarized Luminescence Performance and Energy Transfer.

This work reports the synthesis of chiral perovskite heterostructure films by combining a two-dimensional (2D) chiral (R-/S-MBA)2PbI4 perovskite with CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs). The as-synthesized chiral heterostructure films exhibit obvious circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties, even though pure 2D chiral perovskite cannot present photoluminescence. It indicates that the chirality of the excited state of the QDs originates from the 2D chiral perovskite. The circular polarization-resolved transient absorption (TA) spectra further demonstrate that the CPL response of heterostructure films originates from the energy transfer between the chiral perovskite layer and QDs layer and the suppression of spin relaxation, which induces the imbalance of the spin population of excited states in QDs layer. In addition, the photoluminescence (PL), circular dichroism (CD), and CPL spectra of these heterostructure films can be controlled by varying the thickness and component of the chiral perovskite layer, which demonstrates that the anion exchange between chiral perovskite and CsPbBr3 QDs can tune the chemical composition and optoelectronic properties due to the low bonding energy difference between them and decrease the strain within the QDs layer to reduce the radiative recombination lifetime. This work provides guidance for the synthesis of chiral perovskites with a strong CPL response and further provides insight into the origination of CPL.

Effectiveness of nurse-led heart failure clinic: A systematic review.

Objectives: Heart failure is a stage of various cardiovascular diseases and constitutes a growing major public health problem worldwide. Nurse-led heart failure clinics play an important role in managing heart failure. All nurse-led heart failure clinic services are clinic-based. We conducted a systematic review to describe the contents and impact of nurse-led heart failure clinics. Methods: A review of nurse-led heart failure clinic research was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search was initially conducted on October 23, 2022 and updated on November 21, 2023. Articles were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Appraisal criteria by two independent reviewers. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022352209). Results: Twelve articles were included in this systematic review. The nurse-led heart failure clinic contents were: medication uptitration, educational counselling, evidence-based transitional care, psychosocial support, physical examination and mental well-being assessment, therapy monitoring and adjustment, follow-up, and phone consultations. Most studies reported largely positive clinical outcomes in nurse-led heart failure clinics. Four studies examined the quality of life and reported conflicting results; four studies examined medication titration efficacy, and the results were generally positive. Only two studies examined cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: Nurse-led heart failure clinics have shown a largely positive impact on patient outcomes, quality of life, and medication titration efficacy. More randomised controlled trials and other studies are needed to obtain more robust conclusions.

Exploring the antimicrobial activity of rare ginsenosides and the progress of their related pharmacological effects.

BACKGROUND: Panax ginseng C. A. Mey is a precious medicinal resource that could be used to treat a variety of diseases. Saponins are the most important bioactive components of, and rare ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh2, Rk1 and Rg5, etc.) refer to the chemical structure changes of primary ginsenosides through dehydration and desugarization reactions, to obtain triterpenoids that are easier to be absorbed by the human body and have higher activity. PURPOSE: At present, the research of P. ginseng. is widely focused on anticancer related aspects, and there are few studies on the antibacterial and skin protection effects of rare ginsenosides. This review summarizes the rare ginsenosides related to bacterial inhibition and skin protection and provides a new direction for P. ginseng research. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science were searched for English-language studies on P. ginseng published between January 2002 and March 2024. Selected manuscripts were evaluated manually for additional relevant references. This review includes basic scientific articles and related studies such as prospective and retrospective cohort studies. CONCLUSION: This paper summarizes the latest research progress of several rare ginsenosides, discusses the antibacterial effect of rare ginsenosides, and finds that ginsenosides can effectively protect the skin and promote wound healing during use, so as to play an efficient antibacterial effect, and further explore the other medicinal value of ginseng. It is expected that this review will provide a wider understanding and new ideas for further research and development of P. ginseng drugs.

Semiconductive Potassium Hydroxamate Coordination Polymers with Dual Charge Transport Paths Originating from the π-π Stacking Columns.

Semiconductive coordination polymers (CPs) have recently garnered a significant amount of attention due to their widespread application in many areas. The "through-space" approach has emerged as the most versatile strategy for constructing semiconductive CPs. However, this approach often leads to the formation of unidirectional charge transport paths, resulting in anisotropic electrically conductive performance and low average conductivities in pressed pellets, thus presenting significant challenges for the practical application of semiconductive CPs. Consequently, there is a strong desire to explore simpler and more versatile strategies for designing semiconductive CPs with dual or multiple charge transport paths. Herein, we report on two semiconductive potassium hydroxamate coordination polymers, denoted as [K(HONDI)(H2O)2]n (1) and [K(HONDI)]n (2). Both compounds theoretically possess dual charge transport paths, occurring internally and externally within the π-π stacking columns of the ligands. Conductivity measurements revealed that compounds 1 and 2 both exhibit semiconductive properties, with their electrical conductivities reaching 2.3 × 10-6 and 1.9 × 10-7 S/cm, respectively, at 30 °C. Their electrically conductive performance could be attributed to theoretically biaxial "band-like" charge transport inside crystals and "hopping" charge transport between grain boundaries.

[Analysis of risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing spine surgery. METHODS: The basic case data of 566 patients who underwent spine surgery under general anesthesia from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 296 males and 270 females with an average age of (71.58 ± 4.21) years old. There were 195 cases of cervical spine surgery, 26 cases of thoracic spine surgery and 345 cases of lumbar spine surgery.According to the occurrence of postoperative delirium, the patients were divided into postoperative delirium group(41 patients) and non-delirium group (525 patients). Univariate analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors such as gender, age, weight, smoking history, drinking history, surgical site, preoperative anxiety, intraoperative hypotension times, blood loss and so on, and binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the univariate factors with P<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 41 patients developed postoperative delirium. Univariate analysis showed that age (P=0.000), duration of surgery (P=0.039), preoperative anxiety (P=0.001), blood loss (P=0.000), history of opioid use (P=0.003), history of stroke (P=0.005), C-reactive protein (P=0.000), sodium ion(P=0.000) were significantly different between delirium group and non-delirium group. These factors were included in the binary Logistic regression analysis, and the results showed that age [OR=0.729, 95%CI(0.569, 0.932), P=0.012], opioid use [OR=21.500, 95%CI(1.334, 346.508), P=0.031], blood loss [OR=0.932, 95%CI(0.875, 0.993), P=0.029], C-reactive protein [OR=0.657, 95%CI(0.485, 0.890), P=0.007], preoperative anxiety [OR=23.143, 95%CI(1.859, 288.090), P=0.015], and sodium [OR=1.228, 95%CI(1.032, 1.461), P=0.020] were independent risk factors for the development of delirium after spinal surgery in elderly patients. CONCLUSION: Age, opioid use, blood loss, preoperative anxiety, elevated c-reactive protein, and hyponatremia are independent risk factors for the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Machine learning identifies key cells and therapeutic targets during ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.

Ferroptosis, a type of cell death that mainly involves iron metabolism imbalance and lipid peroxidation, is strongly correlated with the phagocytic response caused by bleeding after spinal cord injury. Thus, in this study, bulk RNA sequencing data (GSE47681 and GSE5296) and single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE162610) were acquired from gene expression databases. We then conducted differential analysis and immune infiltration analysis. Atf3 and Piezo1 were identified as key ferroptosis genes through random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithms. Further analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed a close relationship between ferroptosis and cell types such as macrophages/microglia and their intrinsic state transition processes. Differences in transcription factor regulation and intercellular communication networks were found in ferroptosis-related cells, confirming the high expression of Atf3 and Piezo1 in these cells. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that the proteins encoded by these genes can bind cycloheximide. In a mouse model of T8 spinal cord injury, low-dose cycloheximide treatment was found to improve neurological function, decrease levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine inducible nitric oxide synthase, and increase levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine arginase 1. Correspondingly, the expression of the ferroptosis-related gene Gpx4 increased in macrophages/microglia, while the expression of Acsl4 decreased. Our findings reveal the important role of ferroptosis in the treatment of spinal cord injury, identify the key cell types and genes involved in ferroptosis after spinal cord injury, and validate the efficacy of potential drug therapies, pointing to new directions in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

High average power and high repetition rate eye-safe Raman laser driven by a two-crystal Nd:YVO4 laser.

We report on a high average power and high repetition rate nanosecond pulsed eye-safe KGW Raman laser intracavity driven by an acousto-optic Q-switched 1342 nm two-crystal Nd:YVO4 laser. Taking advantages of the carefully selected two-composite-laser-crystal configuration, the thoroughly optimized gate-open time of acousto-optic modulator and the ingeniously designed U-shaped resonator, substantial power and efficiency enhancements as well as superior mode matching have been enabled. Under the injected pump power of 64.5 W, the average output powers of the first-Stokes fields at 1496 and 1527 nm can be up to 8.1 and 9.5 W with 25 kHz repetition rate and 3.2 µs gate-open time, respectively, corresponding to the optical power conversion efficiencies of 12.6% and 14.7%. Meantime, the resultant pulse widths are determined to be 4.6 and 6.3 ns with the peak powers of approximately 70 and 60 kW, respectively. The beam quality can be maintained with M2 < 1.5 across the entire output power range.

A pooled analysis of clinical outcome in driver-gene negative non-small cell lung cancer patients with MET overexpression treated with gumarontinib.

Background: MET overexpression represents the most MET aberration in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, except MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping mutation was recognized as a clinical biomarker, the role of MET overexpression as a predictive factor to MET inhibitor is not clear. Objectives: The purpose of the pooled analysis is to explore the safety and efficiency of gumarontinib, a highly selective oral MET inhibitor, in drive-gene negative NSCLC patients with MET overexpression. Design and methods: NSCLC patients with MET overexpression [immunohistochemistry (IHC) ⩾3+ as determined by central laboratory] not carrying epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, METex14 skipping mutation or other known drive gene alternations who received Gumarontinib 300 mg QD from two single arm studies were selected and pooled for the analysis. The efficacy [objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)] and safety [treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE), treatment related AE (TRAE) and serious AE (SAE) were assessed. Results: A total of 32 patients with MET overexpression were included in the analysis, including 12 treatment naïve patients who refused or were unsuitable for chemotherapy, and 20 pre-treated patients who received ⩾1 lines of prior systemic anti-tumour therapies. Overall, the ORR was 37.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 21.1-56.3%], the DCR was 81.3% (95% CI: 63.6-92.8%), median PFS (mPFS) and median OS (mOS) were 6.9 month (95% CI: 3.6-9.7) and 17.0 month (95% CI: 10.3-not evaluable), respectively. The most common AEs were oedema (59.4%), hypoalbuminaemia (40.6%), alanine aminotransferase increased (31.3%). Conclusion: Gumarontinib showed promising antitumour activity in driver-gene negative locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients with MET overexpression, which warranted a further clinical trial. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03457532; NCT04270591.

Research of injury mapping relationship of lumbar spine in reclined occupants between anthropomorphic test devices and human body model.

PURPOSE: To judge the injury mode and injury severity of the real human body through the measured values of anthropomorphic test devices (ATD) injury indices, the mapping relationship of lumbar injury between ATD and human body model (HBM) was explored. METHODS: Through the ATD model and HBM simulation, the mapping relationship of lumbar injury between the 2 subjects was explored. The sled environment consisted of a semi-rigid seat with an adjustable seatback angle and a 3-point seat belt system with a seatback-mounted D-ring. Three seatback recline states of 25°, 45°, and 65° were designed, and the seat pan angle was maintained at 15°. A 23 g, 47 km/h pulse was used. The validity of the finite element model of the sled was verified by the comparison of ATD simulation and test results. ATD model was the test device for human occupant restraint for autonomous vehicles (THOR-AV) dummy model and HBM was the total human model for safety (THUMS) v6.1. The posture of the 2 models was adjusted to adapt to the 3 seat states. The lumbar response of THOR-AV and the mechanical and biomechanical data on L1-L5 vertebrae of THUMS were output, and the response relationship between THOR-AV and THUMS was descriptive statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Both THOR-AV and THUMS were submarined in the 65° seatback angle case. With the change of seatback angle, the lumbar spine axial compression force (Fz) of THOR-AV and THUMS changed in the similar trend. The maximum Fz ratio of THOR-AV to THUMS at 25° and 45° seatback angle cases were 1.6 and 1.7. The flexion moment (My) and the time when the maximum My occurred in the 2 subjects were very different. In particular, the form of moment experienced by the L1 - L5 vertebrae of THUMS also changed. The changing trend of My measured by THOR-AV over time can reflect the changing trend of maximum stress of L1 and L2 of THUMS. CONCLUSION: The Fz of ATD and HBM presents a certain proportional relationship, and there is a mapping relationship between the 2 subjects on Fz. The mapping function can be further clarified by applying more pulses and adopting more seatback angles. It is difficult to map My directly because they are very different in ATD and HBM. The My of ATD and stress of HBM lumbar showed a similar change trend over time, and there may be a hidden mapping relationship.

Observation of dynamic non-Hermitian skin effects.

Non-Hermitian physics has emerged as a new paradigm that profoundly changes our understanding of non-equilibrium systems, introducing novel concepts such as exceptional points, spectral topology, and non-Hermitian skin effects (NHSEs). Most existing studies focus on non-Hermitian eigenstates, whereas dynamic properties have been discussed only recently, and the dynamic NHSEs are not yet confirmed in experiments. Here, we report the experimental observation of non-Hermitian skin dynamics using tunable one-dimensional nonreciprocal double-chain mechanical systems with glide-time symmetry. Remarkably, dynamic NHSEs are observed with various behaviors in different dynamic phases, which can be understood via the generalized Brillouin zone and the related concepts. Moreover, the observed dynamic NHSEs, amplifications, bulk unidirectional wave propagation, and boundary wave trapping provide promising ways to manipulate waves in a controllable and robust way. Our findings open a new pathway toward non-Hermitian dynamics, which will fertilize the study of non-equilibrium phases of matter.

Nanoparticle-mediated calmodulin dsRNA and cyantraniliprole co-delivery system: High-efficient control of two key pear pests while ensuring safety for natural enemy insects.

Currently, the predominant method for managing pests in orchards is chemical control. However, prolonged use of chemicals leads to resistance issues and raise ecological safety. A promising approach to tackle these challenges involves nanoparticles-mediated delivery system of dsRNA and pesticides. Despite its potential, this strategy has not been widely applied in controlling pests in pear orchards. In this study, we developed a nanoparticle-mediated ternary biopesticide to tackle resistance and safety concerns associated with calmodulin dsRNA and cyantraniliprole. Initially, we assessed the effectiveness of cyantraniliprole against two key pear pests, Grapholita molesta and Cacopsylla chinensis. Subsequently, we observed an upregualtion of genes CaM and CN following cyantraniliprole treatment. Furthermore, inhibiting or silencing GmCaM and CcGaM enhanced the sensitivity to cyantraniliprole more effectively. By introducing hairpin RNA into the pET30a-BL21 RNaseIII- system to silence GmCaM and CcCaM, we developed a nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery system that exhibited improved control over these two pests. Importantly, our research demonstrated that using reduced cyantraniliprole dosages through ternary biopesticides could help mitigate risks to natural enemies. Overall, our research emphasizes the enhanced effectiveness of ternary biopesticides in boosting the performance of dsRNA and pesticide against pear pests, while fostering environmental sustainability-a novel advancement in this field.

Clinical evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and antibiotic resistance.

OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a globally prevalent bacterium that increases the risk of developing various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the performances of real-time PCR assay in detecting H. pylori infection, as well as clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance, in both stool and gastric biopsy specimens. METHODS: Stool and gastric biopsy specimens were collected from patients within one to three days post-hospitalization. All patients were analyzed for H. pylori infection and resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin using a real-time PCR based molecular assay. RESULTS: 169 patients (83 males) with a mean age of 43.6±13.1 years were included in the study. The prevalence of H. pylori was 89.9% (152/169) in stool and 90.5% (153/169) in gastric biopsy samples. The molecular diagnostics employed in this study exhibited a sensitivity of 99.3% and a specificity of 100%, resulting in a diagnostic accuracy rate of 99.6%. Resistance to clarithromycin was 36.1% (61/169) in stool and 44.4% (75/169) in gastric biopsy samples. The molecular tests for clarithromycin resistance demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.8% and a specificity of 86.8%, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 90.5%. Furthermore, resistance to levofloxacin was 22.5% (38/169) and 26.6% (45/169) in stool and gastric biopsy samples, respectively. The molecular test demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.9% and a specificity of 94.3%, resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of 90.5%. CONCLUSION: The implementation of real-time PCR-based screening for H. pylori infection and resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin in the stool may enhance the success rate of eradication therapy.

Enhanced efficiency and stability in the degradation of triazophosphorus pesticides by Al6Si2O13/WO2.72 nanocomposites through synergistic action of S-scheme heterojunction and oxygen vacancies.

The environmental contamination caused by organophosphorus pesticides (for example, triazophos) is an escalating concern. To mitigate this issue, this study introduces a novel Al6Si2O13/WO2.72 (ASO/WO) nanocomposite photocatalyst, which markedly enhances the photocatalytic degradation of triazophos. The optimized nanocomposite material with a 60.0 % ASO loading (60-ASO/WO) achieves a degradation rate of 86.3 % for triazophos within 140.0 min, marginally exceeding 60-ASO/WO3 (72.6 %) and significantly outperforming individual ASO (65.0 %), WO (59.5 %), and WO3 (56.2 %). This catalyst retains 88.9 % of its activity after five cycles, showcasing exceptional efficiency and stability. Additionally, its electrochemical surface area (ECSA, 310.0 cm2), total organic carbon (TOC, removal rate of 73.7 %), photocurrent, and electrochemical impedance are all optimal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and theoretical calculations elucidate the critical role of oxygen vacancies and the S-scheme heterojunction in augmenting charge separation and photocatalytic performance, corroborating the synergistic effect of oxygen defects and the S-scheme. While individual factors can enhance photocatalytic activity, their combination results in a more pronounced effect. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) identifies the principal degradation intermediates, including 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1, 2, 4-triazole, diethyl thiophosphate, and 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, underscoring the material's potential in environmental remediation.

A Comparative Study on the Performance and Microstructure of 304NG Stainless Steel in Underwater and Air Laser Welding.

In order to facilitate the application of underwater laser welding technology in in situ repairs of nuclear power plants, this study conducted comparative experiments between local dry underwater laser welding and laser welding in air on 304NG nitrogen-controlled stainless steel. The aim was to explore its microstructural evolution and mechanical properties in underwater environments. It was found that, near the fusion line of laser welding in air, columnar dendrites gradually evolved into cellular dendrites toward the weld center, eventually disappearing, resulting in a skeletal ferrite and serrated austenite structure. The underwater laser welding joints exhibited similar characteristics yet with more pronounced alternation between columnar and cellular dendrites. Additionally, the size of cellular dendrites decreased significantly, and needle-like ferrite was observed at the weld center. The hardness of underwater laser welded joints was slightly higher than that of in-air laser welded joints. Compared to laser welding in air, the strength of underwater laser welding joints increased from 443 MPa to 471 MPa, and the displacement increased from 2.95 mm to 3.45 mm, both types of welded joints exhibited a mixed mode fracture characterized by plasticity and brittleness.

C3-Alkylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Three-Component Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction Catalyzed by Y(OTf)3.

As an important class of nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic compounds, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines often exhibit significant biological activities, such as analgesic, anticancer, antiosteoporosis, anxiolytic, etc. Using Y(OTf)3 as a Lewis acid catalyst, a simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of C3-alkylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through the three-component aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, aldehydes, and amines in the normal air atmosphere without the protection of inert gas and special requirements for anhydrous and anaerobic conditions. A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were obtained with moderate to good yields, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Furthermore, this conversion has the advantages of simple operation, excellent functional group tolerance, high atomic economy, broad substrate scope, and can achieve gram-level reactions. Notably, this methodology may be conveniently applied to the further design and rapid synthesis of potential biologically active imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with multifunctional groups.