Real-time in-line prediction of drug loading and release rate in the coating process of diclofenac sodium spheres based on near infrared spectroscopy.

The preparation of diclofenac sodium spheres by fluidized bed is a common production mode for the pharmaceutical preparations at present, but the critical material attributes in the production process is mostly analyzed off-line, which is time-consuming and laborious, and the analysis results lag behind. In this paper, the real-time in-line prediction of drug loading of diclofenac sodium and the release rate during the coating process was realized by using near infrared spectroscopy. For the best near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) model of drug loading, R2cv, R2p, RMSECV, RMSEP were 0.9874, 0.9973, 0.002549 mg/g, 0.001515 mg/g respectively. For the best NIRS model of three release time points, the R2cv, R2p, RMSECV and RMSEP were 0.9755, 0.9823, 3.233%, 4.500%; 0.9358, 0.9965, 2.598%, 0.7939% and 0.9867, 0.9927, 0.4085%, 0.4726% respectively. And the analytical ability of these model was verified. The organic combination of these two parts of work constituted an important basis for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of diclofenac sodium spheres from the perspective of production process.

Application of Rapid Identification and Determination of Moisture Content of Coptidis Rhizoma From Different Species Based on Data Fusion.

BACKGROUND: For thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been clinically proven, and doctors have highly valued the differences in utility between different species. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to replace the complex methods traditionally used for empirical identification by compensating for the information loss of a single sensor through data fusion. The research object of the study is Coptidis rhizoma (CR). METHOD: Using spectral optimization and data fusion technology, near infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectra were collected for CR. PLS-DA (n = 134) and PLSR (n = 63) models were established to identify the medicinal materials and to determine the moisture content in the medicinal materials. RESULTS: For the identification of the three species of CR, the mid-level fusion model performed better than the single-spectrum model. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction set coefficients for NIR, MIR, and data fusion qualitative models were all higher than 0.95, with an AUC value of 1. The NIR data model was superior to the MIR data model. The results of low-level fusion were similar to those of the NIR optimization model. The RPD of the test set of NIR and low-level fusion model was 3.6420 and 3.4216, respectively, indicating good prediction ability of the model. CONCLUSIONS: Data fusion technology using NIR and MIR can be applied to identify CR species and to determine the moisture content of CR. It provides technical support for the rapid determination of moisture content, with a fast analysis speed and without the need for complex pretreatment methods. HIGHLIGHTS: This study is the first to introduce spectral data fusion technology to identify CR species. Data fusion technology is feasible for multivariable calibration model performance and reduces the cost of manual identification. The moisture content of CR can be quickly evaluated, reducing the difficulty of traditional methods.

Synthesis of a cerium-based nanomaterial with superior oxidase-like activity for colorimetric determination of glutathione in food samples.

Enzyme-like nanomaterials have received significant attention for their high stability and low cost. However, most nanomaterials require complicated synthesis processes, limiting the range of their potential applications. In this study, a novel cerium-based nanomaterial was fabricated in a facile manner from a mixture of dipicolinic acid (DPA), guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP), and cerium acetate under ambient conditions. The obtained nanomaterial, designated as DPA-Ce-GMP, exhibited superior oxidase-like activity owing to the mixed valence (Ce3+/Ce4+) of cerium ions. DPA-Ce-GMP efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), achieving a color reaction without requiring hydrogen peroxide. Thus, DPA-Ce-GMP was incorporated into a simple, rapid, and sensitive colorimetric sensor for glutathione (GSH) detection. Within this sensor, TMB oxidation is inhibited by the reducibility of GSH. The sensor exhibits a linear response over two concentration ranges (0.05-10 and 10-40 µM), and its detection limit is 17.1 nM (3σ/slope). The proposed sensor was successfully applied to GSH quantification in food samples. The developed sensor provides an efficient biomimic oxidase for GSH detection in real samples. Facile approach to prepare cerium-based nanomaterial with superior oxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of glutathione in food samples.

Polymerized phosphonium ionic liquid functionalized silica microspheres as mixed-mode stationary phase for liquid chromatographic separation of phospholipids.

There is a large and growing demand for the vigorous development of new high performance liquid chromatography stationary phases in order to solve complex phospholipids separation. Herein, phosphonium-based ionic liquid trioctyl(allyl)phosphonium bromide ([P888Allyl]Br) was first synthesized with trioctylphosphine and allyl bromide. With [P888Allyl]Br as the polymerizable monomer, polymerized phosphonium ionic liquid functionalized silica microsphere (PIL@SiO2) was further synthetized via click chemistry reaction. Significantly, based on the inherent amphiphilic nature of the introduced [P888Allyl]Br, the packed PIL@SiO2 column displayed hydrophilic/hydrophobic mixed-mode retention mechanisms. The PIL@SiO2 column can achieve separation of nucleic acid bases and nucleosides, sulfonamides, amides and anilines with excellent selectivity in a shorter separation time. The column efficiency reached 109,700 N/m for 2-iodoacetamide. One of the important characteristics of the PIL@SiO2 column is that both phospholipid classes and species can be efficiently separated via the same column, outperforming that of the commercial amino column. Furthermore, the application potential of the PIL@SiO2 column was further verified via separation of phospholipids extracted from soy lecithin. The proposed PIL@SiO2 column provides a promising candidate for separation of complex phospholipid samples.

Characterization of a novel reassortment Tibet orbivirus isolated from Culicoides spp. in Yunnan, PR China.

Orbiviruses are arboviruses with 10 double-stranded linear RNA segments, and some have been identified as pathogens of dramatic epizootics in both wild and domestic ruminants. Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) is a new orbivirus isolated from hematophagous insects in recent decades, and, currently, most of the strains have been isolated from insects in PR China, except for two from Japan. In this study, we isolated a novel reassortment TIBOV strain, YN15-283-01, from Culicoides spp. To identify and understand more characteristics of YN15-283-01, electrophoresis profiles of the viral genome, electron microscopic observations, plaque assays, growth curves in various cell lines, and bioinformatic analysis were conducted. The results indicated that YN15-283-01 replicated efficiently in mosquito cells, rodent cells and several primate cells. Furthermore, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees and simplot analysis of the 10 segments indicated that YN15-283-01 is a natural reassortment isolate that had emerged mainly from XZ0906 and SX-2017a.

Author Correction: A dataset of distribution and diversity of mosquito-associated viruses and their mosquito vectors in China.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

A dataset of distribution and diversity of mosquito-associated viruses and their mosquito vectors in China.

Mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus and Dengue virus present an increasing global health concern. However, in-depth knowledge of the distribution and diversity of mosquito-associated viruses and their related vectors remains limited, especially for China. To promote their understanding, we present the first comprehensive dataset of the distribution and diversity of these viruses and their related vectors in China (including Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau). Data was drawn from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers and thesis publications in both English and Chinese. Geographical data on mosquito-associated viruses' occurrence and related mosquito vector species was extracted, and quality-control processes employed. This dataset contains 2,428 accounts of mosquito-associated viruses' and mosquito species geo-referenced occurrences at various administrative levels in China. The prevalent mosquito-associated virus includes Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Banna virus and Culex flavivirus, whereas the abundant mosquito vectors are Culex tritaeryohynchus, Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens. This geographical dataset delivers a distribution and diversity outline of mosquito-associated viruses in China, and also applicable in various spatial and risk-assessment analysis.

Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymers grafted silica microspheres for liquid chromatographic separation.

Vigorously developing new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stationary phases to meet the versatile separation requirements is still an important issue in the field of analytical chemistry. Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a new type of three-dimensional network porous material with high specific surface area, good chemical stability and superhydrophobicity. Herein, we firstly report the synthesis and applications of CMPs@SiO2 material for HPLC stationary phase. The CMPs@SiO2 material can be in situ fabricated via Sonogashira coupling of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene and 1,4-diiodobenzene on the surface of spherical silica. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the synthesized stationary phase material were investigated by a series of characterization methods. Due to the superhydrophobic nature of the CMPs@SiO2 material, the packed CMPs@SiO2 HPLC column displays ultrastrong chromatographic retention and can be used for separation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds with good selectivity. Significantly, CMPs@SiO2 column can be performed for separation with pure acetonitrile as the eluent. Thus, the new column was successfully exploited for monitor and analysis of the hydrolysis of silane coupling agents. Furthermore, based on its oleophilicity, this report firstly utilized the CMPs@SiO2 material to identify and analyze the quality of cooking oils through one-step enrichment and subsequent HPLC separation. We will further exploit to fabricate versatile CMPs-based stationary phases, highlighting their potential applications in different separation scopes.