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Tropomyosin was reported as an important allergen in Crassostrea angulata and designated as Cra a 1. The localization of the T cell epitopes and the reduction of the immunoreactivity of Cra a 1 are still lacking. In this study, four T cell epitopes were identified by using wild-type Cra a 1 (wtCra a 1)-immunized mouse splenocytes cultured with synthetic peptides. The immunoreactivity was maintained after chemical denaturation treatment, indicating that the linear epitope is an immunodominant epitope of wtCra a 1. Furthermore, the hypoallergenic derivative (mCra a 1) was developed by the deletion of linear B cell epitopes and retention of T cell epitopes. mCra a 1 could stimulate CD4+T cell proliferation and upregulate interleukin-10 secretion. Overall, basophil activation by mCra a 1 was low, but its ability to induce T cell proliferation was retained, suggesting that mCra a 1 may serve as a viable candidate for treating oyster allergy.
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Background and Aims: The role of platelet autophagy in cirrhotic thrombocytopenia (CTP) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of platelet autophagy in CTP and elucidate the regulatory mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on platelet autophagy. Methods: Platelets from 56 cirrhotic patients and 56 healthy individuals were isolated for in vitro analyses. Autophagy markers (ATG7, BECN1, LC3, and SQSTM1) were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while autophagosomes were visualized through electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to assess the autophagy-related proteins and the PDGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway following treatment with NaHS (an H2S donor), hydroxocobalamin (an H2S scavenger), or AG 1295 (a selective PDGFR-α inhibitor). A carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic BALB/c mouse model was established. Cirrhotic mice with thrombocytopenia were randomly treated with normal saline, NaHS, or hydroxocobalamin for 15 days. Changes in platelet count and aggregation rate were observed every three days. Results: Cirrhotic patients with thrombocytopenia exhibited significantly decreased platelet autophagy markers and endogenous H2S levels, alongside increased platelet aggregation, compared to healthy controls. In vitro, NaHS treatment of platelets from severe CTP patients elevated LC3-II levels, reduced SQSTM1 levels, and decreased platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. H2S treatment inhibited PDGFR, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR phosphorylation. In vivo, NaHS significantly increased LC3-II and decreased SQSTM1 expressions in platelets of cirrhotic mice, reducing platelet aggregation without affecting the platelet count. Conclusions: Diminished platelet autophagy potentially contributes to thrombocytopenia in cirrhotic patients. H2S modulates platelet autophagy and functions possibly via the PDGFR-α/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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A dual-recognition strategy is reported to construct a one-step washing and highly efficient signal-transduction tag system for high-sensitivity colorimetric detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The porous (gold core)@(platinum shell) nanozymes (Au@PtNEs) as the signal labels show highly efficient peroxidase mimetic activity and are robust. For the sake of simplicity the detection involved the use of a vancomycin-immobilized magnetic bead (MB) and aptamer-functionalized Au@PtNEs for dual-recognition detection in the presence of S. aureus. In addition, we designed a magnetic plate to fit the 96-well microplate to ensure consistent magnetic properties of each well, which can quickly remove unreacted Au@PtNEs and sample matrix while avoiding tedious washing steps. Subsequently, Au@PtNEs catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) generating a color signal. Finally, the developed Au@PtNEs-based dual-recognition washing-free colorimetric assay displayed a response in the range of S. aureus of 5 × 101-5 × 105 CFU/mL, and the detection limit was 40 CFU/mL within 1.5 h. In addition, S. aureus-fortified samples were analyzed to further evaluate the performance of the proposed method, which yielded average recoveries ranging from 93.66 to 112.44% and coefficients of variation (CVs) within the range 2.72-9.01%. These results furnish a novel horizon for the exploitation of a different mode of recognition and inexpensive enzyme-free assay platforms as an alternative to traditional enzyme-based immunoassays for the detection of other Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.
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Bencidinas , Colorimetría , Oro , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Límite de Detección , Platino (Metal) , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Colorimetría/métodos , Oro/química , Platino (Metal)/química , Porosidad , Bencidinas/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Vancomicina/química , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Catálisis , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As the recipients of home care services, patients have the most direct and profound experience of service quality. There is limited knowledge as to quality indicators for home care services from patients' perspective. This study aimed to identify quality indicators for home care services based on the Service Quality model and determine the weights of these indicators. METHODS: A two-round Delphi survey and Analytic Hierarchy Process consultation were conducted to gather opinions from national experts on quality indicators for home care services developed on the basis of the Service Quality model. Consensus was defined as at least 80% agreement on the importance (important and very important) of indicators among experts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to calculate the weight coefficients of the identified indicators. RESULTS: The response rate was 95.0% and 97.4% in the first and second round, respectively. After two rounds, five first-level (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) and 23 second-level indicators were identified. The Kendall's W values were 0.54 and 0.40 for the first-level and second-level indicators (p < 0.001). The weight coefficients for the first-level and second-level indicators were 0.110-0.298 and 0.019-0.088, respectively. CONCLUSION: Quality indicators for home care services were identified based on the Service Quality model. These indicators can be used to evaluate the service quality of home care from patients' perspective and facilitate to determine work priorities and improve the quality of home care.
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin commonly found in the environment. Finding efficient and environmentally friendly ways to remove AFB1 is critical. In this study, Aspergillus luchuensis YZ-1 demonstrated a potent ability to adsorb AFB1 for the first time, and the binding of AFB1 to YZ-1 is highly stable. Spores exhibited higher adsorption efficiency than mycelia, adsorbing approximately 95 % of AFB1 within 15 min. The spores were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Various adsorption kinetic models (pseudo-first and pseudo-second order), adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich and Langmuir), Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the adsorption properties and mechanisms. The adsorption capacity of spores decreased with heating, urea, and SDS treatments, indicating that spore proteins may be the primary substance for AFB1 adsorption. Subsequent experiments showed that proteins with molecular weights greater than 50 kDa played a key role in the adsorption. Additionally, the spores possess excellent storage properties and are valuable for adsorbing AFB1 from vegetable oils. Therefore, the YZ-1 spores hold promise for development into a novel biosorbent for AFB1 removal.
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Aflatoxina B1 , Aspergillus , Esporas Fúngicas , Aflatoxina B1/química , Aflatoxina B1/metabolismo , Adsorción , Aspergillus/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , CinéticaRESUMEN
There is a paucity of evidence on exercise interventions for frail older adults with diabetes. This scoping review aims to identify the scope of the current literature on the characteristics and effects of exercise interventions for frail older adults with diabetes. A search without time limitation was conducted in eight databases. 14 studies were finally included. Resistance exercise and multicomponent exercise were the most common types of exercise. There was considerable variation in the frequency, duration and intensity of exercise interventions. Studies reported improvements in frailty status, physical function, blood glucose and lipid levels and economic effectiveness. The most frequent combined interventions involved nutrition and education. Although evidence was limited, the potential benefits of exercise interventions for frail older adults with diabetes were substantial. Further high-quality studies are needed to explore the most effective and cost-saving exercise interventions for frail older adults with diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Terapia por Ejercicio , Anciano Frágil , Humanos , Anciano , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Ejercicio FísicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patient-centered care (PCC) is a crucial objective for enhancing healthcare in the 21st century. PCC has demonstrated effectiveness in caring for patients with chronic conditions. However, the process from PCC to patient outcomes has not been thoroughly studied, particularly for patients with chronic hepatitis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between PCC and the outcomes of hepatitis patients and determine the key mediator in the connection between PCC and outcomes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2016 in four hospitals in northern Taiwan. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis were assessed for five PCC factors: autonomy support, goal setting, coordination of care, information/education/communication, and emotional support. Trust in the physician, patient adherence, and patient activation (PA) were selected as mediators, with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as the patient outcome. Pathway analysis was applied to examine the correlation. RESULTS: In total, 496 chronic hepatitis patients were included in the study. The pathway analysis revealed that autonomy support (ß = 0.007, p = 0.011), information/education/communication (ß = 0.009, p = 0.017), and emotional support (ß = 0.001, p = 0.011) correlated with better HRQoL. The effects of PCC factors are fully mediated by trust in physicians, patient adherence, and PA. Among them, PA is the key factor in the process of PCC. CONCLUSION: For chronic viral hepatitis care, PCC should be introduced into clinical practice for better HRQoL, and PA is a key mediator.
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AIMS: To comprehensively synthesise existing evidence from systematic reviews regarding the effects of exercise interventions on physical, psychological and social outcomes in frail older adults to provide reference for clinical practice. BACKGROUND: Frailty is highly prevalent in older adults and associated with increased adverse health outcomes. Some systematic reviews have assessed the effectiveness of exercise interventions in frail older adults with varied inclusion criteria, methodology quality, types of exercise and outcome measures. DESIGN: An overview of systematic reviews reported following the PRISMA checklist. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane database were searched from inception until June 2023 to identify relevant systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis of randomised controlled trails. Two reviewers independently selected articles, extracted data, assessed quality and summarised findings. RESULTS: A total of 17 systematic reviews were included, with methodology quality varying from moderate to critically low. The most frequent types of exercise were multicomponent exercise and resistance-based exercise in community and long-term care facilities, respectively. Exercise interventions had positive effects on most physical outcomes and depression, but inconsistent effects on cognitive function and quality of life. The quality of the evidence for most outcomes was low and very low. CONCLUSIONS: This overview highlights the importance of exercise interventions to improve physical, psychological and social aspects in frail older adults and provides evidence on characteristics of exercise interventions for frailty in various settings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Multicomponent exercise and resistance-based exercise should be recommended for frail older adults. There is a need of more well-designed research with large sample size and validated definition of frailty. Long-term effects, adherence during and after exercise interventions, adverse events and cost-effectiveness should be emphasised in future studies. TRIAL AND PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The overview protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic reviews (CRD 42021281327). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. REPORTING METHOD: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to report the results.
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Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn) is an excellent medicinal and edible plant owing to its high nutritional and health-promoting properties. As an important bioactive component, H. rhamnoides polysaccharides (HRPs) have aroused wide attention due to their various pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotective, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, and so on. Nevertheless, the development and utilization of HRP-derived functional food and medicines are constrained to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationship, application, and safety of HRPs. This review systematically summarizes the advancements on the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities and mechanisms of HRPs. The structure-activity relationship, safety evaluation, application, as well as the shortcomings of current research and promising prospects are also highlighted. This article aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of HRPs and lay a groundwork for future research and utilization of HRPs as multifunctional biomaterials and therapeutic agents.
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Hippophae , Polisacáridos , Hippophae/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Humanos , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
AIMS: To identify the multiple mediating effects of resilience and depression between social support and self-care ability among patients with breast cancer during rehabilitation to provide reference for developing and implementing targeted interventions. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study reported according to the STROBE checklist. METHODS: A convenience sample of 320 patients with breast cancer during rehabilitation was recruited from one hospital in China. Data were collected from April to August 2022 using a self-report questionnaire, including the demographic and clinical information, Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale-Revised, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 item, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The mediation analysis was conducted using the SPSS Process macro. RESULTS: Self-care ability was positively associated with social support (ß = .229) and resilience (ß = .290), and negatively associated with depression (ß = -.208). The relationship between social support and self-care ability was mediated by resilience and depression, respectively, and together in serial. The multiple mediating effects accounted for 34.0% of the total effect of social support on self-care ability. CONCLUSION: Our findings identify resilience and depression as multiple mediators between social support and self-care ability and highlight the important roles of social support, resilience and depression in improving self-care ability. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Healthcare providers should pay great attention to the underlying mechanisms of how social support affects patients' self-care ability during breast cancer rehabilitation. Integrated intervention programmes targeted at enhancing social support, building resilience and alleviating depression might be beneficial to the improvement of self-care ability. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. REPORTING METHOD: The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cross-sectional studies was applied to report the results.
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Aspergillus flavus is a notorious fungus that contaminates food crops with toxic aflatoxins, posing a serious threat to human health and the agricultural economy. To overcome the inadequacy of traditional control methods and meet consumer preferences for natural-sources additives, there is an urgent demand for novel biocontrol agents that are safe and efficient. This study aims to investigate the antifungal properties of a novel antifungal agent derived from the biologically safe Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WYH. Firstly, antifungal peptides (AFPs) with a molecular weight of less than 3kD, exhibiting remarkable temperature stability and effectively retarding fungal growth in a dose-dependent manner specifically against A. flavus, were concentrated from the fermentation supernatant of L. plantarum WYH and were named as AFPs-WYH. Further analysis demonstrated that AFPs-WYH might exert antifungal effects through the induction of oxidative stress, disruption of mitochondrial function, alteration of membrane permeability, and cell apoptosis in A. flavus. To further validate our findings, a transcriptomics analysis was conducted on A. flavus treated with 2 and 5 mg/mL of AFPs-WYH, which elucidated the potential effect of AFPs-WYH administration on the regulation of genes involved in impairing fungal development and preventing aflatoxin biosynthesis pathways. Overall, AFPs-WYH reduced the A. flavus proliferation and affected the AFB1 biosynthesis, exhibiting a promising potential for food industry applications as a biopreservative and biocontrol agent.
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Antifúngicos , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus flavus/efectos de los fármacos , Aspergillus flavus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Agentes de Control Biológico/farmacología , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Fermentación , Péptidos/farmacología , Aflatoxinas/biosíntesis , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Scorpio is a valuable Chinese animal medicine commonly used in clinical practice in China. It is the main drug in the treatment of liver wind internal movement caused by various reasons throughout the history of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with the effects of relieving wind and spasm, dredging collaterals, relieving pain, and eliminating toxin and mass. Scorpio is poisonous and often used as medicine after processing. There are records of its processing as early as the Song Dynasty. Afterward, there were more than 15 processing methods, including frying with vinegar, neat processing, and stir-frying. After processing, the fishy smell could be removed to correct the taste, and the toxicity could be reduced, which was beneficial to clinical application. At present, the main reported components in Scorpio are protein polypeptides, alkaloids, and lipids, with many pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-coagulation, anti-thrombosis, anti-atherosclerosis, and anti-bacteria. In this study, the historical evolution of processing, chemical constituents, and pharmacological action of Scorpio were discussed in order to provide references for the related research on Scorpio.
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Alcaloides , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Animales , Evolución Química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicina Tradicional China , Alcaloides/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (Cra a 4) from Crassostrea angulata belongs to the EF-hand superfamily, and understanding of its structure-allergenicity relationship is still insufficient. In this study, chemical denaturants were used to destroy the structure of Cra a 4, showing that disruption of the structure reduced its IgG-/IgE-binding activity. To explore which critical amino acid site affects the allergenicity of Cra a 4, the mutants were obtained by site-directed mutations in the disulfide bonds site (C97), conformational epitopes (I105, D114), or Ca2+-binding region (D106, D110) and their IgG-/IgE-binding activity was reduced significantly using serological tests. Notably, C97A had the lowest immunoreactivity. In addition, two conformational epitopes of Cra 4 were verified. Meanwhile, the increase of the α-helical content, surface hydrophobicity, and surface electrostatic potential of C97A affected its allergenicity. Overall, the understanding of the structure-allergenicity relationship of Cra a 4 allowed the development of a hypoallergenic mutant.
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Background: Heavy metal pollution has become a global problem, which urgently needed to be solved owing to its severe threat to water ecosystems and human health. Thus, the exploration and development of a simple, cost-effective and environmental-friendly technique to remove metal elements from contaminated water is of great importance. Algae are a kind of photosynthetic autotroph and exhibit excellent bioadsorption capacities, making them suitable for wastewater treatment. Methods: The effects of heavy metals (copper, lead and cadmium) on the growth, biomolecules accumulation, metabolic responses and antioxidant response of Dunaliella salina were investigated. Moreover, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the biosorption capacity, and FT-IR was performed to explore the biosorption mechanism of D. salina on multiple heavy metals. Results: The growth of D. salina cells was significantly inhibited and the contents of intracellular photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides and proteins were obviously reduced under different concentrations of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+, and the EC50 values were 18.14 mg/L, 160.37 mg/L and 3.32 mg/L at 72 h, respectively. Besides, the activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD and CAT in D. salina first increased, and then descended with increasing concentration of three metal ions, while MDA contents elevated continuously. Moreover, D. salina exhibited an excellent removal efficacy on three heavy metals. BBD assay revealed that the maximal removal rates for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 88.9%, 87.2% and 72.9%, respectively under optimal adsorption conditions of pH 5-6, temperature 20-30°C, and adsorption time 6 h. Both surface biosorption and intracellular bioaccumulation mechanisms are involved in metal ions removal of D. salina. FT-IR spectrum exhibited the main functional groups including carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), phosphate (-P=O) and sulfate (-S=O) are closely associated with the biosorption or removal of heavy metalsions. Discussion: Attributing to the brilliant biosorption capacity, Dunaliella salina may be developed to be an excellent adsorbent for heavy metals.
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The performance of the Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex Assays were evaluated using 167 specimens, including 158 human respiratory specimens and 9 external quality assessment program (EQAP) samples. For respiratory specimens, CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus exhibited perfect agreement with the standard-of-care (SOC) methods (Cohen's κ: 1, 100% agreement). The overall positive and negative percent agreement (PPA and NPA) were 100%, with 95% confidence intervals of 96.50 to 100% and 85.70 to 100%, respectively. On the other hand, Resp-4-Plex revealed an almost perfect agreement with the SOC methods (Cohen's κ: 0.92, 97.71% agreement). The overall PPA and NPA were 100% (95.76 to 100%) and 88.46% (70.20 to 96.82%), respectively. For EQAP samples, the results of CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus (9/9) and Resp-4-Plex (4/4) were concordant with the expected results. The experimental limit of detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the lowest (25 copies/mL for both methods), and that of the respiratory syncytial virus was the highest (400 copies/mL for CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and 100 copies/mL for Resp-4-Plex). Threshold cycle (Ct) value correlation showed a large positive linear association between CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Resp-4-Plex, with R-squared values of 0.92-0.97, and on average, the Ct values of CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus were higher than that of Resp-4-Plex by 1.86-2.78, except for Flu A1 target (-0.66). To conclude, the performance of both assay was comparable to the SOC methods for both upper and lower respiratory specimens. Implementation of these rapid assay may reinforce the diagnostic capacity for the post-pandemic co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.
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BACKGROUND: The perforator flap has garnered significant interest since its inception due to its advantage of not needing a vascular network at the deep fascial level. Perforator flaps are commonly utilized in different flap transplant surgeries, and the thigh flap is presently the most widely used perforator flap. Is it possible for the calf to replace the thigh as a more suitable site for harvesting materials? Currently, there is a lack of relevant anatomical research. This study aims to address this question from an anatomical and imaging perspective. METHODS: This study used cadavers to observe the branches and courses of perforators on the calf and the distribution of skin branches using microdissection techniques, digital X-ray photography, and micro-computed tomography techniques. RESULTS: The perforators had three main branches: the vertical cutaneous branch, the oblique cutaneous branch, and the superficial fascial branch. The superficial fascial branch traveled in the superficial fascia and connected with the nearby perforators. The vertical and oblique cutaneous branches entered the subdermal layer and connected with each other to create the subdermal vascular network. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an intact calf cutaneous branch chain between the cutaneous nerve and the perforator of the infrapopliteal main artery at the superficial vein site. Utilizing this anatomical structure, the calfskin branch has the potential to serve as a substitute for thigh skin flap transplantation and may be applied to perforator flap transplantation in more locations.
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Cadáver , Pierna , Colgajo Perforante , Humanos , Colgajo Perforante/irrigación sanguínea , Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , Pierna/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Piel/anatomía & histología , Femenino , Anciano , Microtomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
Objectives: Burnout influences students' academic performance and mental health. This study analyzed the relationship between professional identity, self-directed learning ability, and burnout, and examined the mediating effect of self-directed learning ability between professional identity and burnout among nursing students. Methods: 884 nursing students were recruited at two medical universities in China. Demographic information, Academic Burnout Scale, Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nursing Students, and Self-directed Learning Instrument were distributed to collect data. Results: Both professional identity (ß = -0.17) and self-directed learning ability (ß = -0.43) showed negative associations with students' burnout. Meanwhile, there was a partial mediating effect of self-directed learning ability between professional identity and burnout (-0.24, 95% CI = -0.30, -0.20). Conclusions: Nursing educators should emphasize on developing effective strategies to improve nursing students' professional identity and self-directed learning ability to prevent or reduce their burnout.
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lumbar facet pain is generally considered to be one of the major causes of chronic low back pain. Each lumbar facet joint is innervated by the medial branch of the posterior spinal nerve from its own level and above. Radiofrequency (RF) of the medial branch of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve is an effective method for the treatment of lumbar facet pain. RF technology is diverse, including traditional radiofrequency (TRF), pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), cooled radiofrequency (CRF), low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation (CA), and other treatment methods. The purpose of this paper is to compare the efficacy of different radiofrequency techniques and to analyze the reasons for this in the context of anatomy. RECENT FINDINGS: There have been studies confirming the differences in efficacy of different RF techniques. However, most of the studies only compared two RF techniques, not four techniques, TRF, CRF, PRF, and CA, and did not analyze the reasons for the differences in efficacy. This article reviews the differences in the efficacy of the above four RF techniques, clarifies that the differences are mainly due to the inability to precisely localize the medial branch of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve, analyzes the reasons for the inability to precisely localize the posterior branch of the spinal nerve in conjunction with anatomy, and proposes that the development of RF technology for lumbar facet pain requires more in-depth anatomical, imaging, and clinical studies.
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Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Articulación Cigapofisaria , Humanos , Ablación por Catéter/métodos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , Vértebras Lumbares/cirugía , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia/métodos , Terapia por Radiofrecuencia/métodos , Nervios Espinales , Resultado del Tratamiento , Articulación Cigapofisaria/cirugía , Articulación Cigapofisaria/inervaciónRESUMEN
Non-specific binding in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) remains a challenge in foodborne pathogen detection, resulting in interference of high background signals. Herein, we innovatively reported a dual-mode FRET sensor based on a "noise purifier" for the ultrasensitive quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food. An efficient FRET system was constructed with polymyxin B-modified nitrogen-sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots (N, S-GQDs@PMB) as donors and aptamer-modified yellow carbon dots (Y-CDs@Apt) as acceptors. Magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe@MWCNTs) were employed as a "noise purifier" to reduce the interference of the fluorescence background. Under the background purification mode, the sensitivity of the dual-mode signals of the FRET sensor has increased by an order of magnitude. Additionally, smartphone-assisted colorimetric analysis enabled point-of-care detection of E. coli O157:H7 in real samples. The developed sensing platform based on a "noise purifier" provides a promising method for ultrasensitive on-site testing of trace pathogenic bacteria in various foodstuffs.