Asunto(s)
Malaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Malaria/epidemiología , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Animales , Antimaláricos/efectos adversos , Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Vacunas contra la Malaria/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Control de Mosquitos/normas , Plasmodium malariae/patogenicidad , Plasmodium vivax/patogenicidad , Organización Mundial de la SaludRESUMEN
In North America, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is often infected with the host-specific, gut-inhabiting Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (CPBS). CPBS is apparently a commensal, but it may be useful in biocontrol if it can be transformed to express an insect-lethal gene. Difficulty in cultivating the organism, however, has hindered the development of a suitable transformation system. In this study, we eliminated the need for coculturing CPBS with insect cells. CPBS was reliably isolated with the BBL Anaerobic GasPak Jar system (low redox, enhanced CO(inf2)), which was easier to use and less expensive than insect cell coculture methods. A further advantage is a reduction in contaminating insect cell components. Use of anaerobiosis should facilitate early-passage screening of isolates for extrachromosomal elements, for use in gene vector constructs. The unique spiral (decreasing amplitude of coils) morphology of CPBS was preserved by anaerobiosis. The use of low-pH (6.0 to 6.5) media allowed aerobic adaptation of CPBS to M1D and SP-4 broth media. These formulations permitted the first cultivation of CPBS on solid media, an accomplishment that will simplify the selection of molecular transformants. Potato beetles collected at four sites in Poland yielded CPBS strains similar to those previously obtained from populations in North America.
RESUMEN
Biological control of parasites, vectors and pests must consider safety to non-target organisms and to the environment. The WHO safety procedure was discussed in respect to such agents as Bacillus thuringiensis, Romanomermis culicivorax, Gambusia affinis and others. Monitoring of the environment in which biological control treatments are performed is necessary to secure safety requirements as well as the efficiency of biological control programmes.
