[Cases of imported cholera in France, summer 2005. A. Tarantola for the incident management teams]. / Cas de choléra d'importation en France, été 2005. A. Tarantola pour les groupes de gestion des incidents.

Cholera is a bacterial infection, which causes digestive symptoms and massive diarrhoea. It may lead to dehydration and death if appropriate medical management is not rapidly initiated. Most cases of infection by choleric vibrio, however, remain symptom-free or may mimic common gastroenteritis. A review of two cases of imported cholera in France in the summer of 2005 and the community- and hospital-based investigation, which they triggered, enabled the incident management teams to assess risks of transmission. There were no secondary cases among 58 hospital contacts and 15 family contacts of the cases. Clinicians will find a discussion of possible clinical presentations and the risk of secondary transmission, in the context of progressing epidemics in countries, which have maintained close ties with France.

[Multifocal invasive Kingella kingae infection]. / Infection multifocale invasive à Kingella kingae.

CASE REPORT: A 2-year-old child, non immunodeficient, presented with septicemia due to Kingella kingae successively complicated by meningitis, arthritis of one knee and endocarditis. Outcome was favourable after a long and adjusted antibiotherapy, involving in particular for the endocarditis ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg/d) and amikacin (20 mg/kg/d) during 3 weeks, then amoxicillin per os (200 mg/kg/d) during 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteriologic characteristics of the bacteria, the culture of which requires medium base with additional nutrient are reviewed. The tropism of Kingella kingae is essentially osteoarticular and cardiac as shown by the cases reported in the literature. Its susceptibility to antibiotics explains the frequent favourable outcome.

[Lipomas of the mesentery in young children]. / Lipome du mésentère chez le jeune enfant.

Lipomas of the small bowel and mesentery are exceedingly rare in young pediatric patients. This article reports a case which underlines the difficulty of establishing this diagnosis before exploratory laparotomy.

[Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. Apropos of 3 cases in siblings]. / Adrénoleucodystrophie néonatale. A propos de trois cas d'une même fratrie.

Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy is a recently individualized disease manifested by very early onset of neurologic deterioration. Progression of the disease is rapid and there is no effective therapy. Differences with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy include genetic inheritance, which is autosomal recessive, a more severe prognosis, and presence of multiple peroxisome enzyme deficiencies that justify classification alongside the Zellweger syndrome among the peroxisome disorders. We report three cases in siblings and describe the main clinical and biochemical features.

[Indifference to pain secondary to congenital sensory neuropathy. Apropos of a new case]. / Insensibilité à la douleur secondaire à une neuropathie sensitive congénitale. A propos d'une nouvelle observation.

The authors report a new case of indifference to pain secondary to hereditary sensory neuropathy in a 3 year 9 month-old boy. This child presented with isolated diffuse deficiency of pain and heat sensitiveness with preserved touch without any other neurologic involvement or anhidrosis. Nerve biopsy showed the complete lack of amyelinic fibers. P substance, which might act as a mediator or modulator of the nociception, was absent from the cutaneous nerve endings.

[Hemorrhagic shock syndrome with encephalopathy]. / Le syndrome de choc hémorragique avec encéphalopathie.

The occurrence in a previously healthy infant of sudden febrile encephalopathy with shock and metabolic acidosis associated with liver and renal failure and bloody watery diarrhea has been reported by several authors in recent years. We report the same association in a 3 1/2 month-old infant. We discuss the similarities between this clinical picture and malignant hyperthermia and Reye syndrome.

[Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Manifestation in a 3-year-old child by Raynaud's phenomenon]. / Infection à Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Révélation chez un enfant de 3 ans par un phénomène de Raynaud.

The authors report the case of a 3 year-old boy with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The presenting sign was Raynaud's phenomenon with cryoglobulinemia and cryofibrinogenemia. To their knowledge this is the first reported case presenting with such an association.

[Inquiry on the future of newborns treated in intensive care units for children. III. Neurologic anomalies]. / Enquête sur le devenir des nouveau-nés traités en unité de soins intensifs pour enfants. III--Les anomalies neurologiques.

This study concerned newborns admitted between 0 and 10 days of life at the intensive care unit of the Hospital St-Vincent-de-Paul from 1969 to 1972. They were followed later as outpatients. Out of 1,607 newborns admitted, 1,126 survived (average mortality: 30%). 532 were examined after one year, 397 after two years. On the whole prognosis may be considered as good: at 2 years of age, 8% had major neurologic abnormalities; 4% minor abnormalities, no increase in the percentage of major neurologic abnormalities between 1969 (6%) and 1972 (5%), whereas mortality decreased from 36 to 24%. The various types of neurologic deficits were analyzed, according to their effects on rehabilitation (4% had severe retardation, 11% moderate retardation). The sensory involvement (3%) and intercurrent seizures (10%) were also analyzed. According to the bias of the Unit in recruitment, this enquiry concerned children close from term or medium premature children (B.W. 1,500 g) : this diminishes the true rate of the neurologic deficit. The relationships between etiology of neonatal distress and delayed neurologic abnormalities are emphasized.

[Survey on the fate of newborn infants treated in pediatric intensive care units. II. Respiratory sequelae]. / Enquette sur le devenir des nouveau-nes traites en unite de soins intensifs pour enfants. II. Sequelles respiratories.

Five hundred sixty children treated at the neonatal period (between 1969 and 1972) were reexamined when they were 1 and/or 2 years old. At 2 years of age, the rate of anomalies considered as probable respiratory sequellae of the neonatal disease, was 10%. In this population, hyaline membrane disease was responsible for nearly 2/3 of the respiratory sequellae observed at 2 years of age, whereas it concerned less than 1/3 of the population under study. The overall prognosis of neonatal disorders for which treatment in an intensive care unit was required during the 4 years under consideration, is clearly improving, since the decrease of death-rate is not associated with an increase of respiratory sequellae among the survivors.

[Prognosis for infants treated in pediatric intensive care units]. / Le devenir des nouveau-nes traites en unite de soins intensifs.

The first part of the inquiry reported herein is dealing with the diagnostic distribution and the death-rate of a population of 1,607 newborns, admitted for vital distress and treated in an intensive care unit for children from 1969 to 1972. Global death-rate reached 30%. 49% of the patients were admitted for different neonatal respiratory diseases: they were responsible for 31% of the deaths. Perinatal cerebral suffering was the principal cause for admission for 15% of the newborns: with a 40% death-rate, it was responsible for 20% of deaths. However, from 1969 to 1972, global death-rate was constantly decreasing, from 36 to 24%. This improvement concerns especially the respiratory diseases and the perinatal cerebral suffering.

Sulfated glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans from synaptic plasma and myelin membranes: isolation and characterization of sulfated glycopeptides.

In this report we provide biochemical evidence that a highly purified synaptic plasma membrane fraction derived from rat brain, after intraventricular injection of 35S-labeled sodium sulfate, is enriched in a number of large sulfated glycoproteins compared with a purified myelin fraction studied concurrently. A fraction of the detergent-solubilized sulfated glycoprotein bound specifically to concanavalin A-Sepharose. In addition, we have identified the 35S-labeled lipid-soluble material in these membrane fractions as cerebroside sulfate. The sulfated protein in the lipid-extracted membranes was shown to consist predominantly of a class of glycoproteins containing sulfate in ester linkage to oligosaccharide chains, which are differentiated structurally from the sulfated glycosaminoglycans of brain. These two classes of sulfated macromolecules were distinguished from one another by several chemical and physical parameters. We present the chemical characterization of the sulfated glycopeptides derived from synaptic plasma and myelin membranes by extensive proteolytic digestion after quantitative removal of cerebroside sulfate. Membrane-associated glycosaminoglycans, either specifically or adventitously associated with these neuronal membranes, were quantitatively precipitated and identified.