Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist on the Expression Patterns of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Androgen Receptor, and Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in an Experimental Rat Model of Functional Ovarian Cysts.

We studied the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), androgen receptor (AR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovaries under the conditions of the modeling and subsequent treatment of functional ovarian cysts with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (ant-GnRH). The intensity of IGF-1, LHR, and AR expression in the generative elements of rat ovaries changed under conditions of functional ovarian cysts simulation, as well as during treatment with ant-GnRH. In both experimental groups, the expression levels of the studied markers in preantral follicles and epithelial lining of cysts were found to be related to the number of growing follicles and cysts. A divergence of LHR and AR expression indices and a more pronounced decrease in the number of cystic cavities were observed in the group receiving ant-GnRH. These changes demonstrate a positive effect of ant-GnRH on intra-ovarian regulatory factors and a therapeutic effect in functional ovarian cysts.

Morphofunctional State of the Ovaries in Rats with Experimental Model of Functional Cysts and Their Treatment with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist.

The morphofunctional features of the ovaries were evaluated in rats with functional ovarian cysts model treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. Administration of the antagonist significantly (p=0.009) reduced the number of cysts and the growth of follicles in the ovaries. The obtained results attest to a possibility of successful treatment of functional ovarian cysts with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.

[Structural changes in human brain tissue during prenatal alcoholization at different stages of intrauterine development]. / Strukturnye izmeneniya v tkani golovnogo mozga cheloveka pri prenatal'noi alkogolizatsii na raznykh srokakh vnutriutrobnogo razvitiya.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the degree of influence of intrauterine alcoholization on the formation of various structural components of the brain of human embryos. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six samples of embryonic material from 8 to 11 weeks of intrauterine development were studied. The material was divided into four subgroups in accordance with the gestational age (Control 1 - 8-9 weeks of gestation and Control 2 - 10-11 weeks of gestation) and the history of the mother (presence or absence of the diagnosis «Alcoholism stage I-II¼ in the anamnesis). Morphometry was subjected to semi-thin sections stained by Nissl. The diameter and area of each individual tissue element (neuroblasts, glioblasts, vessels of the microvasculature, as well as the determination of the specific area (the ratio of the total area of the studied structure to the area of the entire section) and the calculation of the average number of these structures per unit area of the section, were determined. The AxioVision 4.8 program (Carl Zeiss, Germany) was used for analysis, and the Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis of differences between the samples (significant differences, p<0.05). RESULTS: An insufficient increase in the area of vessels of the microvasculature was revealed in combination with a compensatory increase in their number per unit area of the section in the Alcohol groups compared with intact groups (48.5 µm2 vs 83.3 µm2, p<0.05). When comparing the sizes of glioblasts in the Control and Alcohol subgroups at different stages of development, a lag in the sizes of cellular structures in the Alcohol groups at the initial stages was revealed (average area 21.3 µm2 vs 32.1 µm2; 12.9 µm2 vs 13.3 µm2). When comparing data on later periods, no significant differences were found, only an increase in the specific number of cells in subgroup Alcohol 2 was noted (p<0.05). In neuroblasts, there was also a decrease in cell size with an increase in gestational age both among the Control and among the Alcohol subgroups. However, the cell sizes in Alcohol 2 exceeded those in Control 2 and their number was smaller (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Alcohol leads to changes in the size and number of neuroblasts, glioblasts and vessels of the microvasculature and, as a result, to a disproportionate development of the entire brain tissue. The changes progress with an increase in the development period.

Participation of Leptin and Corticosterone in the Decrease in Infarct-Limiting Efficiency of Remote Postconditioning and in the Development of Arterial Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome in Rats.

We studied the effect of induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the effectiveness of the infarct-limiting effect of remote ischemic postconditioning (RP) in Wistar rats. The involvement of leptin and corticosterone in the formation of arterial hypertension (AH) and in reduction of the effectiveness of RP in MetS was also studied. MetS was induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat diet with replacement of drinking water with 20% fructose solution for 90 days. MetS simulation led to obesity, AH, impaired lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, hyperleptinemia, and moderate stress. All animals were subjected to 45-min coronary occlusion and 120-min reperfusion. In the RP groups, tourniquets were applied on the hind limbs in the area of the hip joint immediately after the end of ischemia (3 cycles consisting of 5-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion). A direct correlation was found between the severity of AH in rats with MetS and the levels of corticosterone and leptin. In rats with MetS, the effectiveness of RP decreased: a direct correlation between the infarct size and serum content of leptin was revealed in rats with MetS+RP. Corticosterone seems to be one of the factors of AH development in rats with MetS.

[Age-related structural changes in the cells of the primary visual cortex of rats under high-intensity light exposure.]

The experiment on 20 male Wistar rats has demonstrated that under light exposure 3 500 lux for 7 days on different-aged rats morphological changes are observed in the II, IV and V layers of the primary visual cortex. They manifest itself as percentage increase of reversibly and irreversibly altered neurons, mainly in the fourth layer in 18-month-old rats (p≤0,05). Thus, under light exposure in 18-month-old rats the percentage of hyperchromic wrinkled neurons runs up to to 6% (5; 8,5) and the percentage of neurons with total chromatolysis increases up to 10% (8,5; 14) in comparison with 1% (0,5; 14) and 6% (5; 8) in 3 month rats under light exposure, respectively (p≤0,05). The neural damage leads to the glial reaction, which is expressed by the percentage increase of glia with edema and swelling signs, hyperchromia without shrinkage of the nucleus and cytoplasm (p≤0,05), neuronophagy, and the intrusion of gliocytes into the neuron cytoplasm for initiation of intracellular repair. The destructive changes are characterized by hyperchromia of gliocytes with shrinkage of the nucleus and cytoplasm. The percentage of such gliocytes significantly increases in the IV layer in 18 month old rats under light exposure, in comparison with the indexes of young animals (p≤0,05).

Infradian Rhythm of the Content of Secretory Granules in Pinealocyte Cytoplasm in Mice and Rats.

The numerical density of secretory granules dense-core vesicles (DCV) in the cytoplasm of pinealocytes of the pineal gland was estimated by transmission electron microscopy in male white mice and Wistar rats. The 3-day biorhythm and lunaphase changes in the DCV content in the perikaryon and the processes of pinealocytes, which are manifested significantly in different seasons of the year, are established. The three-day biorhythm in adult male mice in comparison with younger male rats is not expressed uniformly in different phases of the moon. The in-phase manifestation of infradian biorhythms in different species of animals during the year with an unchanged daily photophase indicates the existence of common external synchronizers for mammals of these biorhythms that are not associated with the light/dark cycle.

Preventive Salpingectomy and Ovarian Reserve: Experimental Study.

The levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone were studied in rats after removal of the uterine horns, oviducts, or combined surgery. The effects of preventive salpingectomy on ovarian reserve were studied. After preventive salpingectomy, the level of anti-Müllerian hormone was low throughout the experiment, follicle-stimulating hormone increased only by the end of observation (on day 40), and testosterone level decreased only on day 10. Hysterectomy alone caused no changes in the concentrations of the studied hormones on day 10 after surgery. Salpingectomy alone reduced the concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone and testosterone and did not change the level of follicle-stimulating hormone during this period.

[MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OXYS AND WISTAR RAT HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE AGING PROCESS].

Using light and electron microscopy, the structural changes in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats (n = 20) and Wistar (n = 20) were examined in the age aspect. By light microscopy, the neurons with the signs of chromatolysis and hyperchromatic neurons were detected in CA1, CA3 fields and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, suggesting the presence of the signs of degeneration already in 4 month-old OXYS rats. By the age of 18 months, severe structural changes occured in all the regions of the hippocampus of OXYS rats. Ultramicroscopically, in 4 month-old OXYS rats the. initial manifestation of destruction of mitochondria and accumulation of lipofuscin granules were found. These changes were shown to progress with age; 18-month-old animals were characterized by more significant degradation of organelles. These findings indicate more pronounced age-related changes of neurons in OXYS rats as compared to those in in Wistar rats.

[DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE NUMERICAL DENSITY OF PLACENTAL MACROPHAGES DURING UROGENITAL INFECTION IN EARLY PREGNANCY].

The changes in the numerical density of macrophages of maternal (basal decidua) and fetal (Kashchenko-Hofbauer cells) origin were studied in the placenta of women with opportunistic (Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis) and pathogenic (Chlamydia trachomatis) urogenital microflora. Histological study of placenta was performed and CD68-immunoreactive cells were detected immunohistochemically in the basal decidua and in the chorionic villi obtained during artificial abortions for non-medical reasons in the 6-8th week of pregnancy (n=136). The results showed no changes in the numerical density of macrophages of maternal origin and a significant decrease in the numerical density of macrophages in the stroma of the chorionic villi, which was associated in Chlamydial infection with a delayed, and in Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma infection - with an accelerated development of the villous tree.

[Biological activity of lipids and photosynthetic pigments of Sargassum pallidum C. Agardh].

The biological activity of lipids and photosynthetic pigments of the kelp Sargassum pallidum (Turner) C. Agardh has been studied. Free fatty acids and their esters demonstrated considerable antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus[ital] and Escherichia coli), yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans), and opportunistic pathogenic (Aspergilius niger) and phytopathogenic (Fusarium oxysporum, and Septoria glycines) fungi. Glyceroglycolipids and neutral lipids demonstrated moderate activity. Fucoxanthin and chlorophylls weakly suppressed the growth of microorganisms. None of the studied substances demonstrated activity against Ehrlich's carcinoma. It was shown that the season of weed harvesting affected both antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of different lipids due to changes in their fatty acid composition.

[Characteristic of immune cell and morphology of deciduas by different types of urogenital infection in the first term of pregnancy].

In the early terms of pregnancy anti-infectious protection provides by NK-cells of deciduas. The distribution of immunocompetent cells in the deciduas of women at 6-8 week of gestation and different infections has been studied by immunohisyochemical method. The quantity of NK-cells with CD56 +/- CD16+ CD3- phenotype significant decreased at mycoplasmas infection. Clamidiosis correlated with 2-folder increasing of CD56+/- CD16+ CD3- cells. The quantity of CD56++ CD16- CD3- cells in the deciduas didn't differ between compared groups. The revealed changes in local immunity are accompanied by infringement of gestational transformation, especially under clamidiosis.

[Cellular and tissue reactions of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus in the patients presenting with odontogenic aspergillous maxillary sinusitis].

The results of this morphological study of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses in the patients presenting with the non-invasive fungal form of odontogenic sinusitis revealed the signs of granulematous inflammation. Epithelium underwent metaplasia into the single-row cubic or prismatic layer. The invasive form of fungal odontogenic sinusitis was characterized by allergic inflammation with intensive infiltration of maxillary sinus mucosa by antigen-representing and effector cells.

[Cellular composition of decidua basalis infiltrate during early pregnancy in urogenital mycoplasma infection].

The composition and distribution of immunocompetent cells in human decidua basalis at 6-8 weeks of pregnancy was studied immunonohistochemically under normal conditions (control group) and in infection with different mycoplasma species (microbial number> 104 CFU). In all the groups studied, monocytes were most numerous cells; large granular lymphocytes (phenotype: CD56++CD16-CD3), macrophages (CD68+) and immunonegative lymphocytes were observed in equal proportions; the least numerous populations were those of NK-cells (CD56+/-CD16+), plasmocytes and granulocytes. No statistically significant differences were found between the content of these cells in all the investigated groups. The data obtained suggest that mycoplasma infection even characterized by high microbial number, does not cause significant changes in the composition of decidua basalis cellular infiltrate.

[Structure of maxillary sinus mucous membrane under normal conditions and in odontogenic perforative sinusitis].

Methods of light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to study the samples of maxillary sinus (MS) mucous membrane (MM) under normal conditions and in odontogenic sinusitis. To study the normal structure, the samples were obtained at autopsy from 26 human corpses 12-24 hours after death. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study was performed on biopsies of grossly morphologically unchanged MS MM, obtained during the operations for retention cysts in 6 patients. MS MM in perforative sinusitis was studied using the biopsies obtained from 43 patients. The material is broken into 4 groups depending on perforative sinusitis duration. Under normal conditions, MS MM is lined with a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium. Degenerative changes of ciliated epithelial cells were already detected at short time intervals after MS perforations and become apparent due to reduction of specific volume of mitochondria and, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and increase of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. In the globlet cells, the reduction of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was associated with the disturbance of the secretory product release. At time intervals exceeding 3 months, epithelium underwent metaplasia into simple cuboidal and stratified squamous keratinized, while in MS MM lamina propria, cellular infiltration was increased. CD4+ cell content in sinus MM gradually increased, while at late periods after perforation occurrence it decreased. Low CD4+ cell count within the epithelium and the absence of muromidase on the surface of MS MM was detected. With the increase of the time interval since MS perforation, the number of CD8+ and CD20+ cells in MS MM was found to increase.

[Structural changes of eye chorioretinal complex after total cerebral ischemia and their correction].

Structural changes of eye chorioretinal complex were investigated in 40 adult male outbred albino rats after total transient cerebral ischemia using electron microscopy and morphometric analysis. Furthermore, the influence of a new sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant dibornol on these processes was estimated. Our studies demonstrated that total transient cerebral ischemia in rats resulted in the capillary thrombosis of the choriocapillary lamina of the uvea, structural disturbances of the blood-retinal barrier, degeneration of the retinal neurons and radial glia. Course administration of dibornol was shown to improve the microcirculation and to protect the retinal neuronal structures, pigment epithelium, and radial glia.

[Morphofunctional changes of maxillary sinus mucosa in odontogenic fungal sinusitis].

Complex morphological research of maxillary sinus mucosa in odontogenic fungal sinusitis has revealed signs of granulomatous inflammation. In epithelium occurred metaplasia of simple cubic or columnar layer. Epithelium fiber-synthetic and plastic functions showed significant down-regulation.

Morphological changes in the pineal gland of rats under conditions of long-term exposure to bright light.

Changes in the diurnal light cycle affect the morphofunctional state of the pineal gland. The volume of the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria in pinealocytes decreases after 45-day exposure to bright light. After 90 days, the degree of nuclear polymorphism increased, the specific volume of the Golgi apparatus returned to normal, the volume of the granular endoplasmic reticulum decreased, while the volume of lysosomes, free ribosomes, and polysomes increased. These changes reflect plasticity of pinealocytes and adaptation of the gland to long-term 24-h light exposure.

Morphological changes in retinal neurons in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and their correction with an isobornylphenol derivative.

Along with microangiopathy, one of the main causes of blindness in diabetic retinopathy consists of degeneration of retinal neurons. Electron microscopy and morphometric analysis were used to study structural changes in neurosensory cells, associative, and ganglion neurons in the retina in 30 while mongrel male rats with streptozotocin diabetes for two months and the effects of a new semisynthetic antioxidant 4-methyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol, a screened phenol, were evaluated. Destructive changes were found to affect the outer segments of neurosensory cells and ganglion neurons. The number density of neurosensory and ganglion cells decreased, and the proportion of these cells with pyknotic nuclei increased. 4-Methyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol had neuroprotective actions, preventing destructive changes to neurosensory cells and ganglion neurons.

Changes in the synaptoarchitectonics of the retina after light-induced damage and their correction with antioxidants of plant origin.

Changes in contacts between neurons in the internal reticular layer of the retina were studied in white rats 7 and 30 days after exposure to high-intensity light. Osmium preparations on day 7 demonstrated synapse destruction, predominantly of the "light" type of. Contrasting with phosphotungstic acid was used to study juxtamembrane formations of the system of subsynaptic units, i.e., dense projections and postsynaptic thickenings of synapses. The action of light was found to induce destructive changes in synapses, with decreases in the number density of synapses due to functionally active asymmetric contacts. On day 30 after light-induced damage, there was a significant increase in the number density of symmetrical contacts and a decrease in the content of asymmetric mature synapses. Courses of ascovertin and carovertin before and after exposure to light produced different degrees of restriction of synapse destruction and activated repair mechanisms mediated by hypertrophy and neosynaptogenesis. Carovertene had the greater effect.

[Morphological changes in retinal neurons in rats with streptozotocin diabetes and their correction by O-isobornylphenol derivative].

Along with microangiopathy, degeneration of retinal neurons is one of the basic causes of blindness in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Using the electronic microscopy and morphometric analysis, the structural changes of neurosensory cells, associative and ganglionic retinal neurons were studied in 30 albino outbred male rats with long term (2 months) streptozotocin diabetes and the effect of a new semisynthetic antioxidant belonging to a group of strictly hindered phenols (4-methyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol) on these parameters was evaluated. In diabetic rats, the destructive changes of external segments of neurosensory cells and ganglionic retinal neurons were found. The numerical density of neurosensory and ganglionic cells was reduced, while the proportion of these cells with pyknotic nuclei was increased. 4-Methyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol demonstrated neuroprotective effect by preventing destructive changes of neurosensory cells and ganglionic retinal neurons.