RESUMEN
The main factors that contribute to the quality of the meat are texture, flavor, color, appearance and odor. The texture varies depending on the size of the fiber bundles, which is not only determined by the number of fibers, but also by the diameter. The diameter of sheep meat muscle fibers is lower than that of swine and bovines, which tends to increase subtly, and according to the age, this gives a characteristic of greater resistance to the meat. The differences in meat tenderness can also vary depending on the genetic and biochemical composition, especially related to fat ratio, or types of fibers in the muscle. The texture can be determined by sensory and instrumental methods, especially in Warner-Bratzler, which 36% of the variance of the texture can be perceived by consumers. This is an important quality parameter to be considered before marketing these meats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear force meat of castrated Santa Inês-bred lambs. Thirty two Santa Inês-bred lambs, with a mean age of 9 months, were divided into 2 groups: C (castrated) and NC (non-castrated). The animals of Group C were castrated after weaning, by the surgical method of removing the testicles. At 45 kg live weight, the animals were slaughtered, and separated into loin cuts (Longisimus dorsi). The topside, formed by 9 muscles on the back side, was cut for analysis. Twenty samples of
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
The body weight (BW) determination is important to evaluate the growth of animals, their nutritional condition and reproduction and to establish the slaughter time and the sale value of the animal. The chest girth (CG) could be an alternative to determine the body weight of sheep on properties that do not have scales. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using chest girth to determine the estimated body weight (EBW). The data file contained 1762 records of body weight (BW) and chest girth (CG) from 426 Santa Ines breed sheep, belonging to eight herds located in Southeastern Brazil. The chest girth was measured using the sternum and the withers as base, passing the tape measure behind the shoulder. Body weights were related to CG values through linear regressions using the software Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). The age classes 1, 2, 3, were defined respectively as: 0 to 12 months; 13 to 22 months; over 34 months. The regression equation used to predict the body weight through chest girth in different age classes was y = b0 + b1x, where y is the dependent variable EBW, x is the independent variable CG, b0 is the intercept, b1 is the slope of the equation that defines the relationship between EBW and CG. The other variables were constant. The regression equations for specific age groups of animals were: Class 1 EBW = -42.201
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
Performance evaluation of adapted animals to local conditions for economic traits is essential for the preservation of species and their genetic resources. The size of Morada Nova breed herds have decreased over time, becoming restricted to a few regions. Other races have been used with higher frequency because of their production and adaptation, and are important as a source of food and income for local communities. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of nonlinear models to describe the growth curve of Morada Nova sheep. Records of 1604 weights of 250 lambs from Nova Odessa municipality, being 934 repeated measurements of female and 670 repeated measurements of male, obtained between 2012-2013 were used. The average birth weight observed was 2.50 ± 0.690 kg. The nonlinear models used to adjust the data were Brody Yt = A (1 - be-kt); Von Bertalanffy Yt = A (1 - be-kt)3; Richards Yt = A (1 - be-kt)m; Logistic Yt = A (1 + e-kt)-m and Gompertz Yt = Ae -be(-kt). The models were fitted by Gauss-Newton using the NLIN procedure of SAS (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). The parameters that make up the functions are Y = body weight at the age t; A = asymptotic weight that represents the average adulthood weight; K = Maturation rate, an indicator of the speed with which the animal approaches its adult size, maturity of the individual in relation to age is the fractio
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
Color is the first factor that consumers consider when it comes to meat quality, linking it to freshness. The most common function of vitamin E (tocopherol -), is its ability to act as an antioxidant in biological systems. The free radicals are neutralized by -tocopherol before lipid oxidation is propagated between the cellular and subcellular membranes of highly unsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidants in meat have the function to delay the onset of oxidation phenomena, retaining the sensory characteristics. They are added to the foods to preserve their color characteristics, avoiding the appearance of anomalous odors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color of the meat of Santa Inês-bred lambs, supplemented with Vitamin E. Thirty two Santa Inês-bred lambs were divided into 2 groups: S (supplementation with Vitamin E) and NS (not supplemented with Vitamin E). The animals were fed an isoproteic diet formulated to meet the requirement of 250-300 g/day. The S group was fed a diet containing 350 mg/kg ppm of Vitamin E per day, added to the concentrate. After the slaughtering, the muscle Longissimus dorsi was separated for the evaluation of the color with the aid of a colorimeter (Minolta) in the CIELAB system, which assessed the parameters: L (brightness), a (red content) and b (level of yellow). The values L, a, and b were obtained in three separate surface points in t
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
Color is the first factor that consumers consider when it comes to meat quality, linking it to freshness. The most common function of vitamin E (tocopherol -), is its ability to act as an antioxidant in biological systems. The free radicals are neutralized by -tocopherol before lipid oxidation is propagated between the cellular and subcellular membranes of highly unsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidants in meat have the function to delay the onset of oxidation phenomena, retaining the sensory characteristics. They are added to the foods to preserve their color characteristics, avoiding the appearance of anomalous odors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color of the meat of Santa Inês-bred lambs, supplemented with Vitamin E. Thirty two Santa Inês-bred lambs were divided into 2 groups: S (supplementation with Vitamin E) and NS (not supplemented with Vitamin E). The animals were fed an isoproteic diet formulated to meet the requirement of 250-300 g/day. The S group was fed a diet containing 350 mg/kg ppm of Vitamin E per day, added to the concentrate. After the slaughtering, the muscle Longissimus dorsi was separated for the evaluation of the color with the aid of a colorimeter (Minolta) in the CIELAB system, which assessed the parameters: L (brightness), a (red content) and b (level of yellow). The values L, a, and b were obtained in three separate surface points in t
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
Performance evaluation of adapted animals to local conditions for economic traits is essential for the preservation of species and their genetic resources. The size of Morada Nova breed herds have decreased over time, becoming restricted to a few regions. Other races have been used with higher frequency because of their production and adaptation, and are important as a source of food and income for local communities. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of nonlinear models to describe the growth curve of Morada Nova sheep. Records of 1604 weights of 250 lambs from Nova Odessa municipality, being 934 repeated measurements of female and 670 repeated measurements of male, obtained between 2012-2013 were used. The average birth weight observed was 2.50 ± 0.690 kg. The nonlinear models used to adjust the data were Brody Yt = A (1 - be-kt); Von Bertalanffy Yt = A (1 - be-kt)3; Richards Yt = A (1 - be-kt)m; Logistic Yt = A (1 + e-kt)-m and Gompertz Yt = Ae -be(-kt). The models were fitted by Gauss-Newton using the NLIN procedure of SAS (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). The parameters that make up the functions are Y = body weight at the age t; A = asymptotic weight that represents the average adulthood weight; K = Maturation rate, an indicator of the speed with which the animal approaches its adult size, maturity of the individual in relation to age is the fractio
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
The body weight (BW) determination is important to evaluate the growth of animals, their nutritional condition and reproduction and to establish the slaughter time and the sale value of the animal. The chest girth (CG) could be an alternative to determine the body weight of sheep on properties that do not have scales. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using chest girth to determine the estimated body weight (EBW). The data file contained 1762 records of body weight (BW) and chest girth (CG) from 426 Santa Ines breed sheep, belonging to eight herds located in Southeastern Brazil. The chest girth was measured using the sternum and the withers as base, passing the tape measure behind the shoulder. Body weights were related to CG values through linear regressions using the software Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). The age classes 1, 2, 3, were defined respectively as: 0 to 12 months; 13 to 22 months; over 34 months. The regression equation used to predict the body weight through chest girth in different age classes was y = b0 + b1x, where y is the dependent variable EBW, x is the independent variable CG, b0 is the intercept, b1 is the slope of the equation that defines the relationship between EBW and CG. The other variables were constant. The regression equations for specific age groups of animals were: Class 1 EBW = -42.201
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
The main factors that contribute to the quality of the meat are texture, flavor, color, appearance and odor. The texture varies depending on the size of the fiber bundles, which is not only determined by the number of fibers, but also by the diameter. The diameter of sheep meat muscle fibers is lower than that of swine and bovines, which tends to increase subtly, and according to the age, this gives a characteristic of greater resistance to the meat. The differences in meat tenderness can also vary depending on the genetic and biochemical composition, especially related to fat ratio, or types of fibers in the muscle. The texture can be determined by sensory and instrumental methods, especially in Warner-Bratzler, which 36% of the variance of the texture can be perceived by consumers. This is an important quality parameter to be considered before marketing these meats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear force meat of castrated Santa Inês-bred lambs. Thirty two Santa Inês-bred lambs, with a mean age of 9 months, were divided into 2 groups: C (castrated) and NC (non-castrated). The animals of Group C were castrated after weaning, by the surgical method of removing the testicles. At 45 kg live weight, the animals were slaughtered, and separated into loin cuts (Longisimus dorsi). The topside, formed by 9 muscles on the back side, was cut for analysis. Twenty samples of
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
O objetivo do experimento foi verificar a influência da suplementação com gordura protegida na infecção por nematódeos gastrintestinais em ovelhas Santa Ines no periparto ou terço final de gestação. Cinqüenta ovelhas Santa Inês receberam 200 g de concentrado/animal/dia, sal mineral e água, sendo divididas de acordo com peso, número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e porcentagem do hematócrito em duas dietas, consideradas como tratamento controle e tratamento com suplementação de 30g/dia/animal de gordura protegida no concentrado. Duas avaliações mensais foram realizadas durante três meses, totalizando 84 dias de experimentação. As variáveis analisadas foram peso e condição corporal, OPG e coprocultura, contagem de leucócitos e eosinófilos, verificação do volume globular, concentração de hemoglobina e dosagem de proteína plasmática total. Em relação as variáveis peso e hemoglobina, houve interação entre as dietas e as coletas (P 0,05); as variáveis condição corporal, proteína plasmática total, volume globular e leucócitos totais não apresentaram diferença estatística entre as dietas (P>0,05) mas sim durante as coletas (P 0,05). As variáveis OPG e eosinófilos não apresentaram diferença estatística (P>0,05). O gênero Haemonchus foi predominante, seguido pelos gêneros Cooperia, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum A suplementação com gordura protegida na quantidade de
This experiment aimed to determine the influence of supplementation with protected fat on nematode infections in periparturient sheep or sheep in their final stage of pregnancy. Fifty Santa Ines ewes received 200 g of concentrate/animal/day, mineral salt and water and were grouped according to their weight, hematocrit and the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Two diets were used: a control treatment and a treatment consisting of supplementation with 30 g/animal/day of protected fat in the concentrate. Three monthly evaluations were performed over a total of 84 days of testing. The variables analyzed were weight, body condition, EPG and coprocultures; blood tests were performed for the determination of packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration and total plasma protein, and leukograms and eosinophil counts were performed. For weight and hemoglobin concentrations, interactions were observed between diet and collection date (P 0.05); body condition, total plasma protein, packed cell volume and total leukocytes did not differ statistically among treatments (P> 0. 05) but did differ by collection day (P 0.05). The EPG and eosinophil counts did not differ statistically by either diet or collection date (P>0.05). The genus Haemonchus was predominant, followed by the genera Cooperia, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum. The protected fat did not decrease EPG and d
RESUMEN
In a sheep production system, the growth-related characteristics have direct relationship to both, quantity and quality of meat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of non-linear models to report the growth curve of Santa Inês sheep. Weights of 140 females, born from2010 to 2012, from a single herd at Cravinhos- SP were used. The weights were measured from birth to about one year of age and the ages were grouped together in biweekly classes. The average weight observed at birth was of 3.77±0.92 kg. The non-linear models utilized in the data adjustment were the Brody, Gompertz, Logistic and Von Bertalanffy models, adjusted by the Gauss-Newton method by means of NLIN procedure, available in SAS software. The parameters which compose the functions, Wt (kg) is the weight in time t (days); A (kg) is the asymptotic weight when age tends to infinity; b is an integration constant, related to the initial weights of the animals and not well defined biological interpretation, and k is the maturity rate. The average estimates for A and k, are the most important from an zootechnical parameters point of view, mainly because heavier females tend to create faster growing sheep. All the models evaluated reached convergence. The quality of the models adjustment was done by error mean square (EMS) means. From the EMS results , the Gompertz model showed the best adjustment,
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
In a sheep production system, the growth-related characteristics have direct relationship to both, quantity and quality of meat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of non-linear models to report the growth curve of Santa Inês sheep. Weights of 140 females, born from2010 to 2012, from a single herd at Cravinhos- SP were used. The weights were measured from birth to about one year of age and the ages were grouped together in biweekly classes. The average weight observed at birth was of 3.77±0.92 kg. The non-linear models utilized in the data adjustment were the Brody, Gompertz, Logistic and Von Bertalanffy models, adjusted by the Gauss-Newton method by means of NLIN procedure, available in SAS software. The parameters which compose the functions, Wt (kg) is the weight in time t (days); A (kg) is the asymptotic weight when age tends to infinity; b is an integration constant, related to the initial weights of the animals and not well defined biological interpretation, and k is the maturity rate. The average estimates for A and k, are the most important from an zootechnical parameters point of view, mainly because heavier females tend to create faster growing sheep. All the models evaluated reached convergence. The quality of the models adjustment was done by error mean square (EMS) means. From the EMS results , the Gompertz model showed the best adjustment,
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMEN
O objetivo do experimento foi verificar a influência da suplementação com gordura protegida na infecção por nematódeos gastrintestinais em ovelhas Santa Ines no periparto ou terço final de gestação. Cinqüenta ovelhas Santa Inês receberam 200 g de concentrado/animal/dia, sal mineral e água, sendo divididas de acordo com peso, número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e porcentagem do hematócrito em duas dietas, consideradas como tratamento controle e tratamento com suplementação de 30g/dia/animal de gordura protegida no concentrado. Duas avaliações mensais foram realizadas durante três meses, totalizando 84 dias de experimentação. As variáveis analisadas foram peso e condição corporal, OPG e coprocultura, contagem de leucócitos e eosinófilos, verificação do volume globular, concentração de hemoglobina e dosagem de proteína plasmática total. Em relação as variáveis peso e hemoglobina, houve interação entre as dietas e as coletas (P 0,05); as variáveis condição corporal, proteína plasmática total, volume globular e leucócitos totais não apresentaram diferença estatística entre as dietas (P>0,05) mas sim durante as coletas (P 0,05). As variáveis OPG e eosinófilos não apresentaram diferença estatística (P>0,05). O gênero Haemonchus foi predominante, seguido pelos gêneros Cooperia, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum A suplementação com gordura protegida na quantidade de
This experiment aimed to determine the influence of supplementation with protected fat on nematode infections in periparturient sheep or sheep in their final stage of pregnancy. Fifty Santa Ines ewes received 200 g of concentrate/animal/day, mineral salt and water and were grouped according to their weight, hematocrit and the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Two diets were used: a control treatment and a treatment consisting of supplementation with 30 g/animal/day of protected fat in the concentrate. Three monthly evaluations were performed over a total of 84 days of testing. The variables analyzed were weight, body condition, EPG and coprocultures; blood tests were performed for the determination of packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration and total plasma protein, and leukograms and eosinophil counts were performed. For weight and hemoglobin concentrations, interactions were observed between diet and collection date (P 0.05); body condition, total plasma protein, packed cell volume and total leukocytes did not differ statistically among treatments (P> 0. 05) but did differ by collection day (P 0.05). The EPG and eosinophil counts did not differ statistically by either diet or collection date (P>0.05). The genus Haemonchus was predominant, followed by the genera Cooperia, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum. The protected fat did not decrease EPG and d