Bethesda system reporting rates, histological follow-up and HPV genotypes distribution of abnormal cytology in Anhui province of China: Analysis of 93,168 cervical liquid-based cytology test reports.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Bethesda System reporting rates, histological follow-up, and HPV genotypes distribution of abnormal cytology in Anhui province of China. METHODS: According to the Bethesda Reporting System of Cervical Cytology (2014), a retrospective analysis of the cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) results, abnormal cytology with concurrent HPV genotype testing, and immediate histological follow-up. HPV genotype testing was performed for 15 High-risk types and 6 Low-risk types. Immediate histological correlation results within 6 months after the LBC and HPV results. RESULTS: 6.70% of women with abnormal LBC results, and ASC/SIL was 1.42. The severe histological results in abnormal cytology were ASC-US (18.58%), ASC-H (53.76%), LSIL (16.62%), HSIL (82.07%), SCC/ACa (100.00%), AGC (63.77%). The total HPV-positive rate in abnormal cytology was 70.29%, of which ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, SCC/ACa, and AGC were 60.78%, 80.83%, 83.05%, 84.93%, 84.51%, 33.33%. The top three detected genotypes were HR HPV 16, 52, and 58. The most commonly detected genotype in HSIL and SCC/ACa was HPV 16. Of the 91 AGC patients, 34.78% were cervical lesions, and 42.03% were endometrial lesions. The HPV-positive rate in the group of AGC-FN was highest and lowest in the group of AGC-EM. CONCLUSION: The Bethesda System reporting rates of cervical cytology were all within the benchmark range of the CAP laboratory. HPV 16, 52, and 58 were the most common genotypes in our population, and HPV 16 infection has a higher degree of malignancy of cervical lesions. Among patients with ASC-US results, HPV positive patients had a higher rate of biopsy-detected CIN2+ than HPV negative patients.

Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential of microglial inhibitors in neuropathic pain and morphine tolerance / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Microglia are important cells involved in the regulation of neuropathic pain (NPP) and morphine tolerance. Information on their plasticity and polarity has been elucidated after determining their physiological structure, but there is still much to learn about the role of this type of cell in NPP and morphine tolerance. Microglia mediate multiple functions in health and disease by controlling damage in the central nervous system (CNS) and endogenous immune responses to disease. Microglial activation can result in altered opioid system activity, and NPP is characterized by resistance to morphine. Here we investigate the regulatory mechanisms of microglia and review the potential of microglial inhibitors for modulating NPP and morphine tolerance. Targeted inhibition of glial activation is a clinically promising approach to the treatment of NPP and the prevention of morphine tolerance. Finally, we suggest directions for future research on microglial inhibitors.

Photonic crystal materials and their application in biomedicine.

Photonic crystal (PC) materials exhibit unique structural colors that originate from their intrinsic photonic band gap. Because of their highly ordered structure and distinct optical characteristics, PC-based biomaterials have advantages in the multiplex detection, biomolecular screening and real-time monitoring of biomolecules. In addition, PCs provide good platforms for drug loading and biomolecule modification, which could be applied to biosensors and biological carriers. A number of methods are now available to fabricate PC materials with variable structure colors, which could be applied in biomedicine. Emphasis is given to the description of various applications of PC materials in biomedicine, including drug delivery, biodetection and tumor screening. We believe that this article will promote greater communication among researchers in the fields of chemistry, material science, biology, medicine and pharmacy.

Therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer. METHODS: A total of 138 SD rats were selected to make rat models with gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid (24 rats with sham operation served as sham operation group), and were randomly divided into model group (n = 30), western medicine group (n = 30), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 24) and combination group (combined western medicine and TCM group, n = 30). Western medicine group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with iso-volumetric distilled water in the afternoon; TCM group and TCM sham operation group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon; combination group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon; sham operation group and model group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water both in the morning and afternoon. Ulcer indexes and degree of mucosal degree in rats at different time points after gavage were observed. Twenty-eight days after gavage, interleukin (IL)-1ß was given to induce ulcer recurrence so as to observe the recurrent severity and rate of ulcer in each group. RESULTS: Compared with model group and western medicine group, treatment in combination group could prominently reduce the ulcer index of rats with peptic ulcer, and increase the healing rate and inhibition rate of peptic ulcer. After IL-1ß-induced ulcer recurrence, combination group was significantly superior to model group and western medicine group in ulcer recurrent rate [50% (3/6) vs. 100% (6/6)] and severity. CONCLUSIONS: Basic acid-suppression therapy combined with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula can effectually improve the ulcer healing quality and reduce ulcer recurrence.

Therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer.@*METHODS@#A total of 138 SD rats were selected to make rat models with gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid (24 rats with sham operation served as sham operation group), and were randomly divided into model group (n = 30), western medicine group (n = 30), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 24) and combination group (combined western medicine and TCM group, n = 30). Western medicine group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with iso-volumetric distilled water in the afternoon; TCM group and TCM sham operation group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon; combination group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon; sham operation group and model group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water both in the morning and afternoon. Ulcer indexes and degree of mucosal degree in rats at different time points after gavage were observed. Twenty-eight days after gavage, interleukin (IL)-1β was given to induce ulcer recurrence so as to observe the recurrent severity and rate of ulcer in each group.@*RESULTS@#Compared with model group and western medicine group, treatment in combination group could prominently reduce the ulcer index of rats with peptic ulcer, and increase the healing rate and inhibition rate of peptic ulcer. After IL-1β-induced ulcer recurrence, combination group was significantly superior to model group and western medicine group in ulcer recurrent rate [50% (3/6) vs. 100% (6/6)] and severity.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Basic acid-suppression therapy combined with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula can effectually improve the ulcer healing quality and reduce ulcer recurrence.

Therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer

Objective: To explore the therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer. Methods: A total of 138 SD rats were selected to make rat models with gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid (24 rats with sham operation served as sham operation group), and were randomly divided into model group (n = 30), western medicine group (n = 30), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 24) and combination group (combined western medicine and TCM group, n = 30). Western medicine group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with iso-volumetric distilled water in the afternoon; TCM group and TCM sham operation group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon; combination group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon; sham operation group and model group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water both in the morning and afternoon. Ulcer indexes and degree of mucosal degree in rats at different time points after gavage were observed. Twenty-eight days after gavage, interleukin (IL)-1β was given to induce ulcer recurrence so as to observe the recurrent severity and rate of ulcer in each group. Results: Compared with model group and western medicine group, treatment in combination group could prominently reduce the ulcer index of rats with peptic ulcer, and increase the healing rate and inhibition rate of peptic ulcer. After IL-1β-induced ulcer recurrence, combination group was significantly superior to model group and western medicine group in ulcer recurrent rate [50% (3/6) vs. 100% (6/6)] and severity. Conclusions: Basic acid-suppression therapy combined with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula can effectually improve the ulcer healing quality and reduce ulcer recurrence.

[Effects of performing pelvic lymph node dissection before versus after radical cystectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacies of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (e-PLND) before or after radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS: From January 2003 to January 2013, a total of 107 patients underwent e-PLND plus RC. And their relevant clinical data were reviewed. Their median age was (62 ± 10) years. The e-PLND were divided into 10 regions and 6 groups according to the anatomic sites. Forty-seven (43.9%) underwent RC after e-PLND (group A) and 60 (56.1%) had RC before e-PLND (group B). Two groups were compared for operative duration, numbers of lymph nodes removed, metastatic rates of lymph node, dissected lymph node positive rates and operative complications. The results were analyzed with Chi-square or Student's test. RESULTS: Clinicopathological characteristics were comparable for two groups (P > 0.05). The mean operative durations of e-PLND were similar in both groups ( (83 ± 27) vs (78 ± 24) min , P > 0.05). The mean operative durations of RC were significantly shorter in group A than those in group B ( (79 ± 41) vs (113 ± 44) min, P < 0.01) . The mean number of lymph nodes removed (25.5 ± 9.7 vs 29.0 ± 8.4) and the mean number of lymph nodes removed at internal iliac (5.7 ± 2.9 vs 7.2 ± 3.5) and presacral (1.3 ± 1.1 vs 2.5 ± 1.6) regions were significantly fewer in group A than those in group B (all P < 0.05). The metastatic rates of lymph node (34.0% (16/47) vs 31.7% (19/60)), dissected lymph node positive rates (9.0% (108/1197) vs 7.5% (130/1743)) and operative complications (23.4% (11/47) vs 20.0% (12/60)) were similar in both groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: RC is performed preferably after e-PLND, and internal iliac and presacral area should be dissected for additional lymph nodes after RC.

[Prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio in colorectal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 303 surgically treated patients with colorectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation coefficient. The survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival difference was assessed by Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard regression model in forward stepwise regression. Receiver working characteristic curve was used to compare the accuracy of the metastatic lymph nodes ratio in predicting the death of patients at 5 years postoperatively with that of the number of metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: The MLR was not correlated with the total number of dissected lymph nodes (Spearman correlation coefficient: -0.099, P > 0.05), but the positive rate of metastatic lymph nodes did (correlation coefficient: 0.107, P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the MLR significantly influenced the postoperative survival time (Log-rank chi(2) = 42.878, P < 0.01), even in the patients with less than 12 resected lymph nodes. The 5-year survival rates for rN0, rN1, rN2 and rN3 were 90.9%, 68.9%, 54.7% and 39.4%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the different stages (P < 0.01). Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the metastatic lymph node ratio was an independent prognostic factor. (EXP(B) = 7.809, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between metastatic lymph node ratio and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in predicting the death of patients at 5 years postoperatively based on the area under the receiver working characteristic curve. CONCLUSION: The metastatic lymph node ratio in colorectal cancer patients is not correlated with the total number of dissected lymph nodes. The metastatic lymph node ratio is a major independent prognostic factor for patients with colorectal cancer. The ability of metastatic lymph node ratio in predicting the death of colorectal cancer patients at 5 years postoperatively is the same as that of the number of metastatic lymph nodes.

[Preoperative chemoradiotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for 35 patients with locally advanced lower rectal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of combined preoperative chemotherapy with radiotherapy on locally advanced lower rectal carcinoma. METHODS: Thirty- five patients with locally advanced lower rectal carcinoma were received a new regimen of combined preoperative chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Routine fr action of radiation was given with total dose of 46 Gy,2 Gy per fraction,five ti mes a week. Patients received oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) (infusion) on day 1, plus leu novorin 200 mg/m(2) and 5- FU 500 mg/m(2)(intravenous bolus) from day 1 to day 3 eve ry 3 weeks for total two cycles before irradiation. Operation was performed 4 to 6 weeks later after neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS: After neoadjuvant therapy,all patients underwent surgical resection with complete pathologic response in 7 patients,average tumor size decrease of in 34.4%, tumor stage decrease in 65.7% o f patients and nodal- negative change rate of 55.6%. Radical resection was per formed in 34 patients,in whom 18 patients received abdominoperineal resection(AP R) and 16 patients received sphincter- preserving surgery with 45.7% of anal preservation rate. One patient received palliative resection. No local recurrence occurred in all patients who received radical resection,but two cases had liver metastasis. CONCLUSION: Combined preoperative chemotherapy with radiotherapy is a better neoadjuvant therapy for lower advanced rectal cancer,which can decrease tumor stage,improve resectability and anal sphincter preservation rate,therefore ,this new neoadjuvant therapy with tolerable toxicity will has a promising application in the clinical setting.

Gene expression profiling in developing human hippocampus.

The gene expression profile of developing human hippocampus is of particular interest and importance to neurobiologists devoted to development of the human brain and related diseases. To gain further molecular insight into the developmental and functional characteristics, we analyzed the expression profile of active genes in developing human hippocampus. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were selected by sequencing randomly selected clones from an original 3'-directed cDNA library of 150-day human fetal hippocampus, and a digital expression profile of 946 known genes that could be divided into 16 categories was generated. We also used for comparison 14 other expression profiles of related human neural cells/tissues, including human adult hippocampus. To yield more confidence regarding differential expression, a method was applied to attach normalized expression data to genes with a low false-positive rate (<0.05). Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to exhibit related gene expression patterns. Our results are in accordance with anatomical and physiological observations made during the developmental process of the human hippocampus. Furthermore, some novel findings appeared to be unique to our results. The abundant expression of genes for cell surface components and disease-related genes drew our attention. Twenty-four genes are significantly different from adult, and 13 genes might be developing hippocampus-specific candidate genes, including wnt2b and some Alzheimer's disease-related genes. Our results could provide useful information on the ontogeny, development, and function of cells in the human hippocampus at the molecular level and underscore the utility of large-scale, parallel gene expression analyses in the study of complex biological phenomena.

C-mycprotein expression upregulated by 2-(3-estrone-N-ethyl piperazine-methyl) tetracycline in bone.

AIM: To study the effect of XW630 on expression of pro-oncogene c-myc in the long bones of fetal mice in vitro for postulating the mechanism by which XW630 exerts its effect on bone. METHODS: The fetuses of pregnant mice were removed on day 16 of gestation, the long bones of the forelimbs of female fetal mice were freed of muscle and soft tissue and cultured in a specific device for 48 h in BGJb medium treated with 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-9) mol.L-1 XW630 in the final medium. After cultured for 48 h, the long bones were harvested and immunohistochemical analysis was performed for determination of c-Myc protein expression in epiphyseal plates. The areas of positive cells in the resting zone, proliferative zone and hypertrophic zone in epiphyseal plate were determined under image analytic system. RESULTS: When the concentration of XW630 in the medium was 1 x 10(-9) mol.L-1, the area of c-Myc positive cells increased in the proliferative zone compared with 1 x 10(-9) mol.L-1 in the estrone group, significant increase was also observed in the resting zone compared with the control group. When the concentration of XW630 in medium was 1 x 10(-8) or 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1, stronger expression than that in the control group and the estrone group at the same concentration was observed in each of the three zones. CONCLUSION: The estrogenic effect of XW630 on bone was stronger than that of estrone. XW630 may promote proliferation and differentiation of chondroncytes by promoting c-Myc protein expression in chondroncytes. Thus, endochondral bone formation was enhanced.