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Commercial stainless steel has attracted increasing interest due to their rich content in transition metal elements and corrosion resistance properties. In this work, we design a facile and rapid route to in-situ fabricate the Cr doped FeNi layered double hydroxides nanosheets (LDHs) on modified stainless steel (Cr-FeNi LDH @ ESS) under ambient condition.The ultra small scaled 2D structure only around 20 nm diameter and metal ions with multivalent oxidation state were observed on the in situ fabricated LDHs, which provides high active area and active sites and thus promote excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The Cr-FeNi LDH @ESS electrocatalysts exhibit an over potential of 280 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and achieves a Tafel slope of 44 mV dec-1 for OER in the 1.0 M KOH aqueous solution. We anticipate that the operating strategy of our system may promote the development of commercial non-precious productions as the efficient electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion.
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The incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) is rapidly increasing worldwide. The majority of endometrial cancers are diagnosed at an early stage and are associated with a good prognosis; however, patients with advancedstage EC have a poor prognosis and present with invasive metastasis. The mechanisms responsible for the invasion and metastasis of endometrial cancer remain unknown. Here, the present study aimed to examine the effects of OGlcNAcylation on the malignancy of EC and its association with Yesassociated protein (YAP). It was found that the expression of OGlcNAc transferase (OGT) and OGlcNAcylation were increased in EC tissues; the decrease in OGlcNAcylation levels was found to lead to the decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of EC cells. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that OGT knockdown reduced the OGlcNAcylation of YAP. Furthermore, it was found that the reduction in the OGlcNAcylation of YAP promoted its phosphorylation, which in turn inhibited the access of YAP to the nucleus and downstream target gene activation, demonstrating that the level of OGlcNAcylation affects the development of EC. On the whole, the findings of the present study indicate that YAP is a key molecule linking the OGlcNAcylation and Hippo pathways, which together regulate the progression of EC.
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Neoplasias Endometriales , Femenino , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Endometrio/patología , Vía de Señalización Hippo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Movimiento Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
DNA damage repair is a key factor in the maintenance of cell genome stability, plays an important role in the regulation of tumour evolution, and can affect the prognosis of cancer patients. This study aimed to detect the protein expression of the DNA damage repair protein P53 and its upstream and downstream regulators, CHK1, GADD45A, and MDM2, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in order to analyse the association between the expression of these proteins and overall survival, and to assess their prognostic implications for OSCC patients. The expression of the above proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry in 80 human OSCC tissue samples and in non-cancerous tissue samples. Compared to that in the non-cancerous tissue, the expression of CHK1, GADD45A, and MDM2 in OSCC tissue was significantly increased. The protein expression of the tumour suppressor gene P53 was also increased. Patients with high CHK1 and MDM2 expression levels had a reduced survival time and a poor prognosis, whereas patients with high GADD45A expression levels had a good prognosis. Our results indicate that high CHK1 expression is an independent risk factor for poor OSCC prognosis, and that CHK1 may be a potential target for OSCC clinical treatment.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Quinasa 1 Reguladora del Ciclo Celular (Checkpoint 1)/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , ADN , Daño del ADN , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , PronósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) or radiation (RT) alone followed by radical surgery (RS). METHODS: In a single-center retrospective study from a prospective database, 275 FIGO Stage IB2-IIIB patients who underwent CCRT/RTâ¯+â¯RS were included. HRQOL was prospectively assessed by EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CX24 prior to any treatment (baseline) and 6â¯months after surgery, respectively. RESULTS: A statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in physical functioning (Pâ¯<â¯0.001) and role functioning (Pâ¯=â¯0.002, Pâ¯=â¯0.031) was observed in patients receiving either CCRT+RS or RTâ¯+â¯RS at follow-up. In addition, quality of life (QoL), physical functioning, and social functioning were better in the RTâ¯+â¯RS group than the CCRT+RS group after treatment (Pâ¯=â¯0.028, Pâ¯=â¯0.010, Pâ¯=â¯0.014). Symptom scores of fatigue decreased in both groups over time (Pâ¯<â¯0.001, Pâ¯=â¯0.004) while insomnia decreased only in the RTâ¯+â¯RS group (Pâ¯=â¯0.042). Worsened menopausal symptoms were documented in both groups at follow-up (Pâ¯=â¯0.001, Pâ¯=â¯0.047), while lymphedema was deteriorated only in patients receiving CCRTâ¯+â¯RS (Pâ¯<â¯0.001). Sexuality scores did not differ between groups or over time with the exception of sexual worry, which was deteriorated in patients receiving RTâ¯+â¯RS (Pâ¯=â¯0.042). CONCLUSIONS: QLQ-C30 functioning and tumor-related symptoms scores improved while lymphedema and menopausal symptoms worsened 6â¯months after neoadjuvant CCRT or RT alone followed by RS in LACC patients. Patients treated with RTâ¯+â¯RS had a generally better HRQOL compared with those receiving CCRT+RS, though further validation with prospective randomized clinical trials is warranted.
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Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Quimioradioterapia , Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Calidad de Vida , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/fisiopatología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Increased arterial stiffness may increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan is potentially useful in controlling the central blood pressure and arterial stiffness in mild to moderate essential hypertension, while the effects of losartan in aged patients with essential hypertension are not entirely investigated. METHODS: The carotid-femoral arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured in aged patients with essential hypertension. RESULTS: In a cross-sectional study, PWV value was significantly higher in these old patients with essential hypertension, compared with patients without essential hypertension. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, hypertension duration, and losartan treatment are risk factors of arterial stiffness. In a perspective study, long-term administration of losartan (50 mg/d) remarkably reduced PWV in aged patients with essential hypertension. In a longitudinal study, PWV is an independent predictor of the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in elderly patients with essential hypertension by using multivariate analysis. Further, the ACS occurrence was reduced by long-term administration of losartan in aged patients with essential hypertension, compared with the old hypertensive patients without taking losartan. CONCLUSION: Losartan treatment is a negative risk factor of arterial stiffness and reduces the risk of ACS in aged patients with essential hypertension.
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Síndrome Coronario Agudo/prevención & control , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión Esencial/complicaciones , Losartán/uso terapéutico , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso/métodos , Rigidez Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/epidemiología , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/etiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PronósticoRESUMEN
Generally, in order to ensure the reliability of Navigation system, vehicles are usually equipped with two or more sets of inertial navigation systems (INSs). Fusion of navigation measurement information from different sets of INSs can improve the accuracy of autonomous navigation effectively. However, due to the existence of misalignment angles, the coordinate axes of different systems are usually not in coincidence with each other absolutely, which would lead to serious problems when integrating the attitudes information. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely calibrate and compensate the misalignment angles between different systems. In this paper, a dynamic calibration method of misalignment angles between two systems was proposed. This method uses the speed and attitude information of two sets of INSs during the movement of the vehicle as measurements to dynamically calibrate the misalignment angles of two systems without additional information sources or other external measuring equipment, such as turntable. A mathematical model of misalignment angles between two INSs was established. The simulation experiment and the INSs vehicle experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the calibration accuracy of misalignment angles between the two sets of systems can reach to 1â³ while using the proposed method.
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Alteration in cellular energy metabolism plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting metabolic pathways for cancer treatment has been investigated as potential preventive or therapeutic methods. Eugenol (Eu), a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil mainly obtained from Syzygium, has been reported as a potential chemopreventive drug. However, the mechanism by which Eu regulates cellular energy metabolism is still not well defined. This study was designed to determine the effect of Eu on cellular energy metabolism during early cancer progression employing untransformed and H-ras oncogene transfected MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. Eu showed dose-dependent selective cytotoxicity toward MCF10A-ras cells but exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity in MCF10A cells. Treatment with Eu also significantly reduced intracellular ATP levels in MCF10A-ras cells but not in MCF10A cells. This effect was mediated mainly through inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexs and the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins including PPARα, MCAD and CPT1C by downregulating c-Myc/PGC-1ß/ERRα pathway and decreasing oxidative stress in MCF10A-ras cells. These results indicate a novel mechanism involving the regulation of cellular energy metabolism by which Eu may prevent breast cancer progression.
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Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Eugenol/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Fosforilación Oxidativa/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Unión al ARN , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Relacionado con Estrógeno ERRalfaRESUMEN
Eugenol can be separated from the oil extract of clove bud, and has many pharmacological functions such as anticancer and transdermal absorption. HER2/PI3K-AKT is a key signaling pathway in the development of breast cancer. In this study, 80 µM eugenol could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HER-2 positive MCF-10AT cells and the inhibition rate was up to 32.8%, but had no obvious inhibitory effect on MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells with HER2 weak expression. Eugenol also significantly induced human breast precancerous lesion MCF-10AT cell apoptosis and cell cycle S-phase arrest, but the biological effects nearly disappeared after HER2 over-expression through transfecting pcDNA3.1-HER2. In MCF-10AT cells treated by 180 µM eugenol, the protein expressions of HER2, AKT, PDK1, p85, Bcl2, NF-κB, Bad and Cyclin D1 were decreased and the decreased rates were respectively 63.0%, 60.0%, 52.9%, 62.9%, 37.1%, 47.2%, 61.7%, 59.1%, while the p21, p27 and Bax expression were increased by 4.48-, 4.76- and 2.57-fold respectively. In the rat models of breast precancerous lesion, 1 mg eugenol for external use significantly inhibited the progress of breast precancerous lesion and the occurrence rate of breast precancerous lesions and invasive carcinomas was decreased by about 30.5%. Furthermore eugenol for external (1 mg) markedly decreased the protein expressions of HER2 (62.9%), AKT (58.6%), PDK1 (56.4%), p85 (54.3%), Bcl2 (59.3%), NF-κB (65.7%), Bad (64.0%), Cyclin D1 (43.0%), while p21, p27 and Bax protein expressions were respectively increased 1.83-, 2.52- and 2.51-fold. The results showed eugenol could significantly inhibit the development of breast precancerous lesions by blocking HER2/PI3K-AKT signaling network. So eugenol may be a promising external drug for breast precancerous lesions.
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Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an innovative modality for cancer treatment. But the biological effect of SDT on oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been studied. Our previous study has shown that endo-Protoporphyrin IX based SDT (ALA-SDT) could induce apoptosis in human tongue squamous carcinoma SAS cells through mitochondrial pathway. Herein, we investigated the effect of exo- Protoporphyrin based SDT (PpIX-SDT) on SAS cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that PpIX-SDT increased the ratio of cells in the G2/M phase and induced 3-4 times more cell apoptosis compared to sonocation alone. PpIX-SDT caused cell membrane damage prior to mitochondria damage and upregulated the expression of Fas and Fas L, while the effect was suppressed if cells were pre-treated with p53 inhibitor. Additionally, we examined the SDT-induced cell apoptosis in two cell lines with different p53 status. The increases of p53 expression and apoptosis rate in wild-type p53 SAS cells were found in the SDT group, while p53-mutated HSC-3 cells did not show such increase. Our data suggest that PpIX-SDT suppress the proliferation of SAS cells via arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase and activating the extrinsic Fas-mediated membrane receptor pathway to induce apoptosis, which is regulated by p53.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de la radiación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Neoplasias de la Boca/terapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Protoporfirinas/farmacología , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Modelos Biológicos , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/administración & dosificación , Protoporfirinas/administración & dosificación , Sonicación/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Stress is increasingly present in everyday life in our fast-paced society and involved in the pathogenesis of many psychiatric diseases. Corticotrophin-releasing-hormone (CRH) plays a pivotal role in regulating the stress responses. The tree shrews are highly vulnerable to stress which makes them the promising animal models for studying stress responses. However, the mechanisms underlying their high stress-susceptibility remained unknown. Here we confirmed that cortisol was the dominate corticosteroid in tree shrew and was significantly increased after acute stress. Our study showed that the function of tree shrew CRH - hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was nearly identical to human that contributed little to their hyper-responsiveness to stress. Using CRH transcriptional regulation analysis we discovered a peculiar active glucocorticoid receptor response element (aGRE) site within the tree shrew CRH promoter, which continued to recruit co-activators including SRC-1 (steroid receptor co-activator-1) to promote CRH transcription under basal or forskolin/dexamethasone treatment conditions. Basal CRH mRNA increased when the aGRE was knocked into the CRH promoter in human HeLa cells using CAS9/CRISPR. The aGRE functioned critically to form the "Stress promoter" that contributed to the higher CRH expression and susceptibility to stress. These findings implicated novel molecular bases of the stress-related diseases in specific populations.
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Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Elementos de Respuesta , Estrés Fisiológico , Tupaiidae/fisiología , Animales , Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/biosíntesis , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Técnicas de Sustitución del Gen , Células HeLa , Humanos , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
Element doping is commonly used to adjust the carrier concentrations in semiconductors such as thermoelectric materials. However, the doping process unavoidably brings in defects or distortions in crystal lattices, which further strongly affects the physical properties of the materials. In this work, high energy photons have been used to activate the carriers in Cu2S thermoelectric films. As a result, the carrier concentrations, and the respective electrical conductivity as well as Seebeck coefficient are further changed. The photon-induced electrical transport properties are further analyzed utilizing a Parallel circuit model. Due to the realization of optimized carrier concentrations by photon activation, the power factor of Cu2S film is improved more than 900 times as compared with the dark data. As compared to the traditional doping process, the approach using photon activation can realize the tuning of carrier concentrations without affecting crystal lattice. This method provides an opportunity to investigate the intrinsic physical properties of semiconductor materials without involving traditional element doping process that usually brings in additional lattice defects or distortions.
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Getting a land vehicle's accurate position, azimuth and attitude rapidly is significant for vehicle based weapons' combat effectiveness. In this paper, a new approach to acquire vehicle's accurate position and orientation is proposed. It uses biaxial optical detection platform (BODP) to aim at and lock in no less than three pre-set cooperative targets, whose accurate positions are measured beforehand. Then, it calculates the vehicle's accurate position, azimuth and attitudes by the rough position and orientation provided by vehicle based navigation systems and no less than three couples of azimuth and pitch angles measured by BODP. The proposed approach does not depend on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), thus it is autonomous and difficult to interfere. Meanwhile, it only needs a rough position and orientation as algorithm's iterative initial value, consequently, it does not have high performance requirement for Inertial Navigation System (INS), odometer and other vehicle based navigation systems, even in high precise applications. This paper described the system's working procedure, presented theoretical deviation of the algorithm, and then verified its effectiveness through simulation and vehicle experiments. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve positioning and orientation accuracy of 0.2 m and 20â³ respectively in less than 3 min.
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Purpose. To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of shenqi fuzheng injection (SFI) in the associated chemotherapy of breast cancer. Methods. 1247 subjects were included in this study for meta-analysis with RevMan 5.3. Results. The clinical curative effective rate (OR = 2.03, 95% Cl [1.44, 2.86], P < 0.0001), grades of KPS (OR = 4.11, 95% Cl [2.74, 6.16], P < 0.00001), CD3(+) cells (MD = 7.05, 95% Cl [0.45, 13.64], P = 0.04) and CD4(+) cells (MD = 8.60, 95% Cl [2.67, 14.54], P = 0.004) and CD4/CD8(+) cells (MD = 0.35, 95% Cl [0.14, 0.56], P = 0.001), WBC (OR = 0.30, 95% Cl [0.20, 0.46], P ≤ 0.0001), PLT (OR = 0.36, 95% Cl [0.20, 0.67], P = 0.001), gastrointestinal reaction (OR = 0.21, 95% Cl [0.14, 0.32], P < 0.00001), and ECG (OR = 0.26, 95% Cl [0.13, 0.51], P < 0.0001) in the experimental group were superior to the control group. While there were no differences between two groups in CD8(+) (MD = 0.21, 95% Cl [-2.81, 3.23], P = 0.89), NK(+) (MD = 1.06, 95% Cl [-9.40, 11.53], P = 0.84), RBC (OR = 0.49, 95% Cl [0.14, 1.74], P = 0.27), liver function (OR = 0.59, 95% Cl [0.28, 1.24], P = 0.16), renal function (OR = 0.56, 95% Cl [0.13, 2.45], P = 0.44), and bone marrow suppression (OR = 0.50, 95% Cl [0.25, 1.01], P = 0.05). Conclusion. SFI combined with chemotherapy, to some extent, can improve the effectiveness and the security in the treatment of breast cancer; the mechanism may be related to the elevated immunity.
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Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) can effectively inhibit various types of tumor in vitro and in vivo. However, the association between the efficacy of SDT and the phase of the cell cycle remains to be elucidated. 5-ALA may generate different quantities of sonosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), in different phases of the cell cycle, which may result in differences in sensitivity to 5-ALA-induced SDT. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the cell cycle on the susceptibility of SAS cells to SDT following synchronization to different cell cycle phases. These results indicates that the rates of cell death and apoptosis of the SAS cells in the S and G2/M phases were significantly higher following SDT, compared with those in the G1-phase cells and unsynchronized cells, with a corresponding increase in PpIX in the S and G2/M cells. In addition, the expression of caspase-3 increased, while that of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 decreased markedly in theS and G2/M cells following SDT. Cyclin A was also expressed at higher levels in the S and G2/M cells, compared with the G1-phase cells. SDT also caused a significant upregulation of cyclin A in all phases of the cell cycle, however this was most marked in the S and G2/M cells. It was hypothesized that high expression levels of cyclin A in the S and G2/M cells may promote the induction of caspase-3 and reduce the induction of Bcl-2 by SDT and, therefore, enhance apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrated that cells in The S and G2/M phases generate more intracellular PpIX, have higher levels of cyclin A and are, therefore, more sensitive to SDT-induced cytotoxicity. These findings indicate the potential novel approach to preventing the onset of cancer by combining cell-cycle regulators with SDT. This sequential combination therapy may be a simple and cost-effective way of enhancing the effects of SDT in clinical settings.
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Ácido Aminolevulínico/farmacología , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Biotransformación , Caspasa 3/genética , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/genética , Ciclo Celular/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ciclina A/genética , Ciclina A/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/patología , Células Epiteliales/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Protoporfirinas/biosíntesis , Tolerancia a Radiación , Transducción de Señal , Lengua/efectos de los fármacos , Lengua/metabolismo , Lengua/patología , Lengua/efectos de la radiación , Terapia por Ultrasonido/métodos , Ondas UltrasónicasRESUMEN
Cu-doped anatase TiO2 films grown by magnetron sputtering at room temperature showed the unexpected observation of room-temperature ferromagnetism, which was enhanced or destroyed corresponding to low or high impurity concentration via vacuum annealing. On the basis of the analysis of composition and structure, the most important factor for activating ferromagnetism can be identified as the creation of grain boundary defects. In addition, oxygen defects can be the dominating factor for increasing the saturation moment of the 0.19 at. % Cu-doped TiO2 film from 0.564 to 26.41 emu/cm(3). These results help elucidate the origin of ferromagnetism and emphasize the role of oxygen defects for the application of ferromagnetic films.
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This pilot study aimed at fostering resilience among people living with HIV and improving the HIV-negative participants' acceptance of people living with HIV. A group of 75 people living with HIV who were former blood/plasma donors and 36 HIV-negative fellow villagers in rural China participated in the intervention. The 8 sessions lasted for 4 months and were facilitated by trained local family-planning officers. Efficacy of the intervention was assessed using a pre- and postprogram study design; measurements were made at baseline, at completion, and 3 months afterward completion. The authors found that the HIV-positive participants increased their levels of resilience, social support, and quality of life and that they reported fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress at the completion of the intervention; most of these changes were sustained at the 3-month follow-up. Such participants also reported subjective improvements on problem-solving skills, self-confidence, and a feeling of being cared for by others. In addition, the HIV-negative participants' discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV were reduced after completing the intervention. The majority of the participants was satisfied with the intervention and would recommend it to others. The train-the-trainer approach was used effectively. Positive effects of the intervention have been revealed and future randomized controlled studies are warranted.
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Ansiedad/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Calidad de Vida , Resiliencia Psicológica , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa/estadística & datos numéricos , Ansiedad/psicología , China , Comorbilidad , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Autoimagen , Percepción Social , Apoyo Social , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The catalytic activity and the acrolein selectivity for liquid phase glycerol dehydration on ß zeolites (HNa-ß-k) were found to be dependent on the reaction temperature as well as on the amount of acid sites on the zeolites. An increase in the reaction temperature favors the acrolein selectivity. The acrolein selectivity increases with the Na(+)/H(+) ratio and the glycerol conversion decreases with it so that a maximum acrolein yield is obtained when a certain amount of acidic sites are replaced by non-active Na(+) sites. The computational results indicate that 3-hydoxylpropanal (HPA) is an important intermediate that determines the final product selectivity. The relative rates of the different reaction pathways for HAP can be affected by the amount of water molecules involved in its homogeneous reaction. Based on the reaction mechanism proposed, it was hypothesized that smaller pores reduce activity but increase selectivity to acrolein, and results of the H-MFI zeolite were consistent with this hypothesis. Our work provides important insight into the overall landscape of the reaction mechanism and can be used to help design reaction systems that have good acrolein selectivity for the liquid phase glycerol dehydration reactions.
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Acroleína/química , Glicerol/química , Zeolitas/química , Ácidos/química , Catálisis , Iones/química , Isomerismo , Porosidad , Teoría Cuántica , Sodio/química , Temperatura , TermodinámicaRESUMEN
Studies of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) have mainly focused on its direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Its effects on the tumor microenvironment, especially angiogenesis, remain unknown. In this study, we found that SDT significantly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation. Furthermore, in a tumor xenograft mouse model, SDT was found to remarkably suppress tumor growth, intratumoral vascularity, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in tumor cells. An ultrastructural study showed damage and disruption of tumor microvasculature after STD. Our results indicate that SDT inhibits neovascularization in tumor, which is partially responsible for the anti-tumor effect of SDT.
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Neoplasias/radioterapia , Neovascularización Patológica/prevención & control , Sonido , Ácido Aminolevulínico/farmacología , Ácido Aminolevulínico/uso terapéutico , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de la radiación , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/fisiología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Microvasos/patología , Microvasos/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias/patología , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones/farmacología , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones/uso terapéutico , Sonicación , Carga Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Carga Tumoral/efectos de la radiación , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
The dehydration mechanisms for glucose in ß-pyranose (BP) and in open-chain (OC) forms, catalyzed by acids homogeneously and heterogeneously, were investigated using density functional and two-layer ONIOM calculations. The first dehydration reaction and competing reaction pathways are the main focus of the present study. The energetics of five dehydration and two isomerization pathways were examined for the protonated form of BP in acidic aqueous solutions and the most favorable pathway of these was found to be the dehydration at the anomeric site. No dehydration pathway of OC glucose is favored over its isomerization to BP or to fructose. The relative ease of dehydration over isomerization depends on the selection of the reaction media for the protonated form of BP. These two reaction pathways catalyzed by a surface Brönsted acid site were then examined and the isomerization pathway was found to be more favorable than dehydration at the anomeric site on a surface acid site. These mechanistic insights provide an important guide for the catalyst design/selection of the reaction media for glucose dehydration.
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A random sample consisting of 88 sexually active people living with HIV (PLWH) and their HIV negative spouses in rural China were interviewed. Data of 68 couples (77.2 %) who gave identical responses to whether they had been using condoms consistently in the last 12 months (n = 136) were analyzed. The results showed that 27.9 % of the discordant couples used condom inconsistently in the last year. Condom non-availability was the most commonly given main reason for not using condoms. Free condoms should be made available to these low-income couples. Suicidal ideation of the PLWH and the spouse's perception on 'whether someone could contract HIV via unprotected sexual intercourse with a HIV positive person' were significantly associated with inconsistent condom use in the last year. Education program should change the cognition about the risk for HIV transmission via unprotected sex. Integrated psychological services to reduce suicidal ideation are greatly warranted.