[The influence of movement's observation on recuperation after physical fatigue].

The study aim was to investigate effects of mental activity, accompanied by mu-rhythm depression, on recuperation after physical fatigue. In a study participants performed 11 one minute bouts of static hand grip intermitted by 2 minutes restpauses. During pauses participants watched video with either dynamic hand grips (biological movements) or deformation of geometric figure (control). Obtained data showed there was a significant depression of mu-rhythm during biological movement's observation. There was significant fatigue of subjects in an exercise with physical activity, but there was no reliable influence of performed mental activity on recovery after fatigue.

Correlates of measures of voluntary force with the functional state of the motor system.

Oscillation spectra were analyzed for prolonged isometric force recorded in healthy subjects of three age groups. Changes in the distributions of spectral components of the oscillations in force were noted, along with differences in the distributions of spectral density as exhaustion developed in the age groups. The amplitude-frequency ranges of changes in the spectral densities of oscillations in force characterized the activity at the suprasegmental and segmental levels of the motor system which support the voluntary control and automatic regulation of posture during the performance of movements. Correlates of the functional state of the motor system are discussed in terms of the voluntary and involuntary components of control. A significant increase in activity in the central structures of the movement control system was seen with the development of exhaustion, along with decreases in the frequency range of the activity of subcortical structures with age.

[Parameters of voluntary effort correlates with functional state of the motor control system].

The spectrum oscillations of a prolonged supported effort that was registered at isometric regimen in 3 age groups of healthy volunteers, were analyzed. Changes in distribution of spectral density of effort oscillations and distinction in distribution of spectral density as a reaction to fatigue in age groups, were shown. The revealed amplitude-frequency ranges of changes of spectral density of effort oscillations characterize activity of suprasegmental and segmental levels of motor control system fulfilling the voluntary movement control and the automatic regulation of posture. The correlates with functional state of motor control system are considered in the terms of voluntary and involuntary components of regulation. The substantial growth of activity in the central structures of motor control system in process of development of fatigue and the narrowing of the frequency range of activity of sub-cortical structures with age, were revealed.

[Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurotic depression]. / Transkranial'naia magnitnaia stimuliatsiia pri nevroticheskoi depressii.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied in combination with psychotherapy in patients with neurotic depression, including 15 patients of the experimental group and 14 patients of the control one. 10 sessions of daily TMS for the patients from the experimental group (0.015 T, 40 pulses per sec) were performed at the same time for 20 min (twice for 10 min with 5-min interval) in a room which excluded any external stimulation. TMS was performed by contact method: 5 cm coil was applied to the left prefrontal area. The control group received the imitation of TMS-procedure stimulation. The improvement of mental state was in 13 patients of experimental group and in 3 of control one. The course of TMS resulted in a significant attenuation of depression by the Hamilton Depression Rating scale (from 22.9 to 8.6) and the Anxiety Inventory (from 39.4 to 26.6), that was significantly higher in comparison with the control. There weren't found any TMS-related changes in blood pressure and pulse rate as well as any pathological EEG symptoms.

[Effect of a 50 Hz magnetic field on rat behavior depends on the direct current component]. / Vliianie magnitnogo polia chastotoi 50 Gts na povedenie krys zavisit ot znacheniia postoiannogo magnitnogo polia.

The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic field on rats behavior (working memory, learning, social activity) was examined. Rats were exposed to magnetic fields at three different conditions: exposure 1-50 Hz, 46 mT; DC 65 mTl; exposure II-50 Hz, 46 mTl; DC 14-17 mTl; Exposure III-sham. Field related changes were observed after exposure I: the increase of error rate in Y-maze performance, shorter adaptation time in instrumental performance, the decrease of aggression and sociability, enhancement of the defence reactions. Data obtained show that influence of 50-Hz magnetic field depends on the level of DC field. The combination presumably considered as resonant to Ca++ was more effective.

Effects of 45-Hz magnetic fields on the functional state of the human brain.

The influence of sinusoidal 45-Hz magnetic fields on the brain functions of 20 volunteers was investigated in a double-blind study using spectral analysis of EEG and measurements of Omega potentials and reaction time (RT). The field strength was 1,000 A/m (1.26 mT) and the duration of exposure was 1 h. Ten volunteers were exposed to a continuous field and ten received an intermittent exposure (1 s on/l s off). Each person received one real and one sham exposure. One half of the volunteers got the real exposure first and the sham treatment after at least 24 h. For the rest, the sequence was inverse. The measurements of EEG, omega potentials and RT were performed before and after each exposure. Several statistically significant changes were observed, most of them after intermittent exposure. In the EEG, an increase of alpha (7.6-13.9 Hz) activity and a decrease of delta (1.5-3.9 Hz) activity were observed. Beta waves (14.2-20 Hz) increased in the frontal derivations as did the total power in occipital derivations. The mean and peak frequencies of EEG increased mainly in the frontal derivations. No direct effects on RT were seen. Learning to perform the RT test (decrease of RT in repeated trials), however, seemed to be affected by the exposure. The persons who received real exposure first learned more slowly than those who got sham exposure first. Further experiments are necessary to confirm the findings and for understanding the mechanisms of the effects.

[The clinico-immunological characteristics of patients with severe ischemic brain lesions undergoing combined treatment with the use of intracerebral electrostimulation]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia kharakteristika bol'nykh s tiazhelymi ishemicheskimi porazheniiami golovnogo mozga pri kompleksnom lechenii s ispol'zovaniem intratserebral'nykh élektrostimuliatsii.

The work analyzes preliminary results of a complex method of treatment of severe ischemic alterations of the brain. Certain parameters of the immune system, its phagocytic link in particular, were studied along with clinico-physiological indices of the functional state of the brain. It was shown that efficient surgical revascularization of the ischemic zones reinforced by electrostimulation at the early postoperative period allowed to substantially restore the motor and speech functions even in cases of critical lesions. Higher indices of functional activity of the phagocytic link of the immune system were noted.

[The effect of local electrostimulation of nerve tissue on its blood supply indices in extreme brain states]. / Vliianie lokal'nykh élektrostimuliatsii nervnoi tkani na pokazateli ee krovosnabzheniia pri ékstremal'nykh sostoianiiakh mozga.

The specifics of local blood flow (LBF) was studied in the areas of electrical stimulation. The occurring changes are determined primarily by the functional state of neural tissue in the stimulation area as well as in the whole brain. The cortex develops an insrement of the LBF after stimulation by the 4th-5th day whereas no such tendency was found in the white matter.

Neurophysiological correlates of verbal activity in patients with speech disorders of traumatic etiology.

The article deals with the neurophysiological correlates of the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain trauma. Mechanisms of damaged function restoration by means of therapeutic electrostimulations (TES) are also under discussion. Localization of the brain zones involved in the maintenance of speech and their expansion, while TES is shown on the basis of functional testing and registration of different indices of bioelectrical activity.

[Electrophysiological diagnosis in partial optic nerve atrophy syndrome]. / Elektrofiziologicheskaia diagnostika pri sindrome chastichnoi atrofii zritel'nykh nervov.

Vision conduction routes were examined in 75 patients with the syndrome of optic nerve partial atrophy by recording the visual evoked potentials, threshold of electric sensitivity emergence, critical frequency of phosphene disappearance, electroretino- and electroneurograms. The findings of these examinations correlated best of all with the clinical picture when visual evoked potentials (latency increase, decrease of the amplitude with atrophy augmentation, interhemispheric asymmetry in chiasmal and retro-chiasmal involvement) or the critical frequency of phosphene disappearance (reliably reduced if a disease was developing) were recorded. Introduction of electrodes with therapeutic and diagnostic purpose permitted assessment of optic nerve function from the electroneurogram amplitude and time parameters.