Consumo de alimentos y ayudas ergogénicas en culturistas / Food intake and ergogenic aids in body-builders

Antecedentes: El propósito del estudio fue conocer los hábitos alimentarlos, de consumo de ayudas ergogénicas y de actividad fisica en culturistas. Adicionalmente, valorar su composición corporal y sus niveles de metabolitos en plasma sanguíneo. Material y métodos.- Se diseñó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico, en el que participaron 16 culturistas varones de nivel nacional que entrenaban en la fase de volumen, tres meses antes de la competición. Se aplicaron: un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, un registro de ingestas de 14 días, una entrevista semi-estructurada para conocer el consumo de ayudas ergogénicas y las características del entrenamiento, un estudio antropométrico y una analítica plasmática de rutina. El análisis de datos se hizo mediante la prueba t-student y regresión lineal simple. Resultados: Los culturistas consumían dos o más anabolizantes androgénicos, uno de los cuales era testosterona y, además, clenbuterol recibiendo dos o más dosis semanales de anabolizante. El consumo medio diario de energía fue de 3.200 K-calorías y de proteínas, 2,5 g/kg. Los sujetos con ingesta proteica superior a 3,0 glkgídía (media 3,6 g/kg/día) presentaron mayor aporte de otros nutrientes (hierro y vitaminas B, B6y B,,) (P<0,05) y niveles plasmáticos elevados de urea (AU)

Post-natal changes in biliary lipids in suckling goat kids.

The post-natal composition of biliary lipids in the bile of suckling goat kids has been studied during the first month of life. Samples of hepatic and vesicular bile were obtained from animals fed with milk. Bile flow increased with age and the concentration of bile acids also rose up to 14 days of age. Cholesterol reached maximum values immediately after birth and then decreased. Bile acids conjugated with taurine predominated and this pattern of preferential tauroconjugation persisted at all ages, as has also been found in carnivores and sheep. Comparison of vesicular and hepatic bile composition revealed a poor concentration capacity of the gallbladder in pre-ruminant kids.

Factors affecting the secretion of phosphate in parotid saliva in the sheep and goat.

The relationship between the concentration of phosphate in plasma and parotid saliva was studied in six conscious sheep and a goat, either intact or thyroparathyroidectomized (t.x.p.t.x.), under conditions designed to minimize marked fluctuations in flow rate of saliva. A linear relationship between acutely induced changes in plasma phosphate concentration and the phosphate level in saliva has been demonstrated in both intact and t.x.p.t.x. animals. Dietary phosphorus depletion caused adaptation of salivary phosphate concentration so that less was secreted at a given concentration of plasma phosphate. Attention is drawn to the similarity between this phenomenon and that already described for the proximal renal tubule. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was shown to reduce the salivary phosphate concentration with little or no effect on phosphataemia. The administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2CC) also caused a reduction in salivary phosphate concentration despite hyperphosphataemia and hypercalcaemia. It is suggested that salivary phosphate concentration can be influenced directly by the concurrent level of plasma phosphate but that this relationship can be modified by the circulating concentration of 1,25(OH)2CC and indirectly by PTH via increased production of 1,25(OH)2CC.

Effects of dietary phosphorus and calcium on the intestinal absorption of Ca in sheep.

1. Wether sheep were used, some of which were prepared with a Thiry-Vella loop of jejunum. The long-term use of these loops was ensured by regular perfusion with fresh nutrient solution. 2. The net calcium absorption rate from a Thirty-Vella loop of jejunum increased with increasing intraluminal Ca concentration and was increased by the addition of 1 alpha-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (3 micrograms/l) to the loop fluid. 3. When the diet of sheep was changed from one which was normal in Ca to a diet low in Ca there was an increase in the efficiency of net Ca absorption from the jejunal loop. This dietary change was accompanied by an increase in the circulating concentration of 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3). 4. An intravenous infusion of the Ca chelating agent EDTA increased the efficiency of net Ca absorption from the jejunal loop. The use of 47Ca demonstrated that this reflected an increase in the true absorption rate of Ca. 5. Dietary phosphorus deficiency reduced the efficiency of intestinal Ca absorption and was associated with a reduction in the plasma concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3.