Substituition of urea for soybean meal and forced intake of minerals on the performance of growing crossbred calves / Substituição da ureia por farelo de soja e consumo forçado de minerais no desempenho de bezerros em crescimento

Forty eight crossbred calves, 24 males and 24 females, with weight and age of 203.6±3.7kg and 11.8±1.0 months were allotted to the following treatments: MT- mineral salt ad libitum and sugar cane mixed with 10g kg-1 mixture of urea and ammonium sulfate in a 9:1 proportion; MA - sugar cane mixed with 16g kg-1 of a concentrate of urea (550g kg-1), ammonium sulfate (60g kg-1) and minerals (390g kg-1); SU - sugar cane mixed with 50g kg-1 of a concentrate of soybean meal (830g kg-1), urea (52g kg-1) and minerals (118g kg-1) and MC - corn silage mixed with 10g kg-1 of a concentrate of urea (500g kg-1), ammonium sulfate (50g kg-1) and minerals (450g kg-1). Minerals mixed with sugar cane (MA) resulted in greater weight gain (0.258 x 0.188kg d-1) for similar intakes of DM (3.29 x 3.30kg d-1). Substitution of part of urea nitrogen in the MA by soybean meal (SU) resulted in greater ADG (0.538 x 0.258kg d-1), due to higher sugar cane intake (4.10 x 3.13kg d-1). ADG of calves receiving corn silage was greater (0.406 x 0.258kg d-1) than for calves receiving sugar cane.(AU)

Quarenta e oito bezerros cruzados, com peso vivo de 203,6±3,7kg e idade de 11,8±1,0 meses, sendo 24 machos e 24 fêmeas, foram distribuídos nos tratamentos: MT - sal mineral à vontade e cana-de-açúcar adicionada de 10g kg -1 de uma mistura de ureia e sulfato de amônio na proporção de 9:1; MA - cana-de-açúcar adicionada de 16g kg -1 de uma mistura de ureia (55%), sulfato de amônio (6%) e minerais (39%); SU - cana-de-açúcar adicionada de 50g kg -1 de uma mistura de farelo de soja (83%), ureia (5,2%) e minerais (11,8%); e MC - silagem de milho adicionada de 10g kg -1 de uma mistura de ureia (50%), sulfato de amônio (5%) e minerais (45%). Minerais misturados no volumoso resultaram em maior ganho de peso (0, 258 x 0,188kg/dia) com consumos semelhantes de matéria seca (3,29 x 3,30kg/dia). Substituição de parte do nitrogênio da ureia no MA pelo do farelo de soja resultou em aumento do ganho de peso (0,258 x 0,538kg/dia) e no consumo de cana (3,13 x 4,10kg/dia). Ganho de peso dos bezerros que receberam silagem de milho foi superior ao dos bezerros que receberam o MA (0,406 x 0,258kg/dia), devido ao maior consumo de silagem (4,71 x 3,13kg/dia).(AU)

Substituition of urea for soybean meal and forced intake of minerals on the performance of growing crossbred calves / Substituição da ureia por farelo de soja e consumo forçado de minerais no desempenho de bezerros em crescimento

Forty eight crossbred calves, 24 males and 24 females, with weight and age of 203.6±3.7kg and 11.8±1.0 months were allotted to the following treatments: MT- mineral salt ad libitum and sugar cane mixed with 10g kg-1 mixture of urea and ammonium sulfate in a 9:1 proportion; MA - sugar cane mixed with 16g kg-1 of a concentrate of urea (550g kg-1), ammonium sulfate (60g kg-1) and minerals (390g kg-1); SU - sugar cane mixed with 50g kg-1 of a concentrate of soybean meal (830g kg-1), urea (52g kg-1) and minerals (118g kg-1) and MC - corn silage mixed with 10g kg-1 of a concentrate of urea (500g kg-1), ammonium sulfate (50g kg-1) and minerals (450g kg-1). Minerals mixed with sugar cane (MA) resulted in greater weight gain (0.258 x 0.188kg d-1) for similar intakes of DM (3.29 x 3.30kg d-1). Substitution of part of urea nitrogen in the MA by soybean meal (SU) resulted in greater ADG (0.538 x 0.258kg d-1), due to higher sugar cane intake (4.10 x 3.13kg d-1). ADG of calves receiving corn silage was greater (0.406 x 0.258kg d-1) than for calves receiving sugar cane.(AU)

Quarenta e oito bezerros cruzados, com peso vivo de 203,6±3,7kg e idade de 11,8±1,0 meses, sendo 24 machos e 24 fêmeas, foram distribuídos nos tratamentos: MT - sal mineral à vontade e cana-de-açúcar adicionada de 10g kg -1 de uma mistura de ureia e sulfato de amônio na proporção de 9:1; MA - cana-de-açúcar adicionada de 16g kg -1 de uma mistura de ureia (55%), sulfato de amônio (6%) e minerais (39%); SU - cana-de-açúcar adicionada de 50g kg -1 de uma mistura de farelo de soja (83%), ureia (5,2%) e minerais (11,8%); e MC - silagem de milho adicionada de 10g kg -1 de uma mistura de ureia (50%), sulfato de amônio (5%) e minerais (45%). Minerais misturados no volumoso resultaram em maior ganho de peso (0, 258 x 0,188kg/dia) com consumos semelhantes de matéria seca (3,29 x 3,30kg/dia). Substituição de parte do nitrogênio da ureia no MA pelo do farelo de soja resultou em aumento do ganho de peso (0,258 x 0,538kg/dia) e no consumo de cana (3,13 x 4,10kg/dia). Ganho de peso dos bezerros que receberam silagem de milho foi superior ao dos bezerros que receberam o MA (0,406 x 0,258kg/dia), devido ao maior consumo de silagem (4,71 x 3,13kg/dia).(AU)

Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial activity in novel systems containing buriti oil and structured lipids nanoemulsions.

Buriti oil nanoemulsions were prepared using non-interesterified buriti oil or buriti oil interesterified for 6 or 24 h (NBO, NBO6h, and NBO24 h), respectively. The aim was to investigate the effects of interesterified oils on the physicochemical and biological properties of nanoemulsions. Samples were stored at 4 and 25 °C for 30 days, and their physicochemical properties and biological activities were evaluated. The mean droplet diameter of nanoemulsions ranged from 196 to 270 nm. NBO24 h had the smallest droplet size and was the most stable during the storage period. Furthermore, NBO24 h demonstrating the good oxidative stability, had a high antioxidant capacity, and was less susceptible to droplet aggregation. NBO and NBO24 h had similar biological activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli O157: H7); bacterial growth was inhibited by at least 60% at 3.12 mg mL-1. The nanoemulsions have interesting properties for the production of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food formulations with antimicrobial activity.