A rare case of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type.

Small cell carcinoma of ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is an unusual malignant tumor that most commonly affects young women. Unfortunately, it has a very poor prognosis. We describe here an unusual case of a Moroccan young woman with a left ovarian mass and a symptomatic hypercalcemia. Morphologically, there are some malignant tumors that resemble SCCOHT; thus, it is very challenging to diagnose, and immunohistochemistry has a great contribution in it. Hopefully, molecular tools and new therapies will improve the management of these cases in the near future.

Clay Nanotubes Loaded with Diazepam or Xylazine Permeate the Brain through Intranasal Administration in Mice.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an obstacle to the permeation of most therapeutic drugs into the brain, limiting treatments for neurological disorders. Drugs loaded within nanocarriers that pass through the BBB can overcome this limitation. Halloysite consists of naturally occurring biocompatible clay nanotubes of 50 nm diameter and 15 nm lumen, allowing the loading and sustained release of loaded drugs. These have demonstrated the ability to transport loaded molecules into cells and organs. We propose to use halloysite nanotubes as a "nano-torpedo" for drug delivery through the BBB due to their needle-like shape. To determine if they can cross the BBB using a non-invasive, clinically translatable route of administration, we loaded halloysite with either diazepam or xylazine and delivered these intranasally to mice daily over six days. The sedative effects of these drugs were observed in vestibulomotor tests conducted at two, five, and seven days after the initial administration. Behavioral tests were conducted 3.5 h after administration to show that the effects were from halloysite/delivered drugs and not from the drug alone. As expected, the treated mice performed more poorly than the sham, drug alone, and halloysite-vehicle-treated mice. These results confirm that halloysite permeates the BBB to deliver drugs when administered intranasally.

Effect of Protective Coating on Surface Properties and Candida albicans Adhesion to Denture Base Materials.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of protective coatings on the surface roughness, contact angle, and Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 560 rectangular heat- and autopolymerized acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and divided into 5 groups (n = 14/group) according to coating agent. Uncoated specimens were used as control. Coating materials were: nano-coat, Optiglaze, nano-silica, or cyanoacrylate. Surface roughness (Ra ) was evaluated using a profilometer. Contact angle measurements were performed using the sessile drop method. C. albicans adhesion was evaluated using direct culture and slide count methods. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Nano-coat and Optiglaze coating of heat-polymerized acrylic significantly decreased Ra (p < 0.001). No significant effect was seen with nano-silica coating while Ra significantly increased with cyanoacrylate (p < 0.001). For autopolymerized acrylic, nano-coat, Optiglaze, and nano-silica coatings significantly decreased Ra in comparison to control group (p < 0.001) while no significant difference was seen between control and cyanoacrylate coating (p = 0.45). In comparison to control group, nano-coat, Optiglaze, and nano-silica coating for both denture base materials significantly decreased contact angle, and C. albicans adhesion (p < 0.001) while cyanoacrylate significantly increased C. albicans adhesion (p = 0.002) with no effect on contact angle for heat- (p = 1.00) and autopolymerized resins (p = 0.83). CONCLUSION: Coating of removable prosthesis with nano-coat, Optiglaze, or nano-silica is an effective method to reduce C. albicans adhesion.

[Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast : diagnostic difficulties]. / Carcinome à cellules fusiformes du sein : difficultés diagnostiques.

The metaplastic breast cancers are rare lesions, accounting for less than 1 % of all breast malignancies. According to the WHO classification (2012), the spindle cell carcinoma of the breast figures among variants of metaplastic carcinomas. The average age at diagnosis is 53 years, and the usual course is fast. Their prognosis is more pejorative than the classic invasive ductal carcinoma. The differential diagnosis arises with sarcomas, especially phyllodes sarcomas but also with other primary breast sarcomas which remain rare. The distinction of this entity is important for further management of patients which is similar to that of conventional infiltrating carcinoma.

Les carcinomes métaplasiques du sein sont des lésions rares, représentant moins de 1 % des tumeurs malignes du sein. Selon la classification de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) des tumeurs du sein de 2012, le carcinome à cellules fusiformes figure parmi les variantes des carcinomes métaplasiques. L'âge moyen au moment du diagnostic est de 53 ans et l'évolution habituelle est rapide. Leur pronostic semble être plus péjoratif que celui du carcinome infiltrant non spécifique. Le diagnostic différentiel se pose avec les sarcomes notamment les tumeurs phyllodes malignes, mais également avec les autres sarcomes primitifs mammaires qui restent plus rares. La distinction de cette entité est importante pour la prise en charge ultérieure des patients qui rejoint celle des carcinomes infiltrant classiques. Nous rapportons le cas d'une patiente âgée de 42 ans qui présente un carcinome à cellules fusiformes du sein tout en soulevant les problématiques diagnostiques histopathologiques face à cette entité rare.

Pre-operative urinary tract infection: is it a risk factor for early surgical site infection with hip fracture surgery? A retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the current study were to determine whether pre-operative urinary tract infections in patients presenting acutely with neck of femur fractures resulted in a delay to surgery and whether such patients were at increased risk of developing post-operative surgical site infections. DESIGN: A retrospective review of all patients presenting with a neck of femur fracture, at a single centre over a one-year period. The hospital hip fracture database was used as the main source of data. SETTING: UK University Teaching Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: All patients (n = 460) presenting across a single year study period with a confirmed hip fracture. OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of pre-operative urinary tract infection, the timing of surgical intervention, the occurrence of post-operative surgical site infection and the pathogens identified. RESULTS: A total of 367 patients were operated upon within 24 hours of admission. Urinary infections were the least common cause of delay. A total of 99 patients (21.5%) had pre-operative urinary tract infection. Post-operatively, a total of 57 (12.4%) patients developed a surgical site infection. Among the latter, 31 (54.4%) did not have a pre-operative urinary infection, 23 (40.4%) patients had a pre-operative urinary tract infection, 2 had chronic leg ulcers and one patient had a pre-operative chest infection. Statistically, there was a strong relationship between pre-operative urinary tract infection and the development of post-operative surgical site infection (p-value: 0.0005). CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that pre-operative urinary tract infection has a high prevalence amongst those presenting with neck of femur fractures, and this is a risk factor for the later development of post-operative surgical site infection.

[The orthodontic classification of impacted canines with special reference to the age at treatment, the angulation and dynamic occlusion]. / Die kieferorthopädische Einordnung retinierter Eckzähne unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Behandlungsalters, der Angulation und der dynamischen Okklusion.

The literature regards the surgical-orthodontic treatment of ectopic canine as being the optimal therapy. This treatment, however, often takes a long time and disturbances in the functional occlusion often occur after treatment is ended. For this reason it was decided to evaluate the treatment's success taking into consideration age at time of treatment, angulation, and functional occlusion. The post-treatment examinations of 66 patients up to five years after treatment reveal above all a correlation between treatment success and age at the time treatment begins. In addition patients with class II/2 and tooth aplasia were identified as constituting a risk group. These malocclusions, therefore, are a sign that there is a risk of ectopic canines. The occlusion type in laterotrusion movement provides group guidance. Beginning treatment after age 25 years should be critically evaluated, because the treatment period is prolonged.