Cerebral infarction and thrombotic meningoencephalitis in a calf due to candidiasis / Infarto cerebral e meningoencefalite trombótica em um bezerro devido a candidíase

We described a case of cerebral infarction and thrombotic meningoencephalitis due to candidiasis in a seven-month-old calf. The death occurred three days after the onset of apathy, fever, and the head's lateral deviation to the left. Macroscopic changes in the brain consisted of asymmetry of telencephalic hemispheres; the right hemisphere was enlarged, causing cerebellar herniation. A focally extensive red area was observed on the surface of the right occipital lobe. At cross-sections of the fixed brain, the lesions revealed to be extensive, red-brown, soft or cavitated areas affecting the white and grey matter from the level of the thalamus to the cerebellum and compressing subjacent structures. Histologically, there was acute, coalescent, multifocal necrosupurative meningoencephalitis, associated with vasculitis, congestion, thrombosis, edema, infarction, and intralesional fungal hyphae. The diagnosis of cerebral infarction and thrombotic meningoencephalitis due to candidiasis was made by the pathological changes, the staining and morphological characteristics of the agent, and immunohistochemistry. The cerebral infarction and thrombotic meningoencephalitis in cattle can result from vascular lesions due to infection by Candida sp.; although uncommon, this case demonstrated that candidiasis should be part of a list of differential diagnoses of severe brain injuries in cattle.

Descreve-se um caso de infarto cerebral e meningoencefalite trombótica devido a candidíase em um bezerro de sete meses de idade. A morte ocorreu três dias após o início de apatia, febre e desvio lateral da cabeça para a esquerda. As alterações macroscópicas no cérebro consistiam em assimetria dos hemisférios telencefálicos; o hemisfério direito estava aumentado, causando herniação cerebelar. Uma extensa área vermelha focal foi observada na superfície do lobo occipital direito. Nos cortes transversais do encéfalo fixado, as lesões revelaram áreas extensas, marrom-avermelhadas, moles ou cavitadas, afetando a substância branca e cinzenta desde o nível do tálamo até o cerebelo e comprimindo as estruturas subjacentes. Histologicamente, havia meningoencefalite necrossupurativa multifocal aguda, coalescente, associada a vasculite, congestão, trombose, edema, infarto e hifas fúngicas intralesionais. O diagnóstico de infarto cerebral e meningoencefalite trombótica devido a candidíase foi feito pelas alterações patológicas, coloração e características morfológicas do agente e imuno-histoquímica. O infarto cerebral e meningoencefalite trombótica em bovinos pode resultar de lesões vasculares devido à infecção por Candida sp.; embora incomum, este caso demonstra que a candidíase deve fazer parte de uma lista de diagnósticos diferenciais de lesões cerebrais graves em bovinos.

Meningoencephalitis secondary to rhinitis caused by Pythium insidiosum in sheep / Meningoencefalite secundária a rinite por Pythium insidiosum em um ovino

A case of meningoencephalitis caused by Pythium insidiosum secondary to rhinitis is reported in a three-year-old crossbred sheep from a herd of 15 animals, raised extensively and with free access to a weir. The animal presented mild dyspnea, blindness, mydriasis, opisthotonos, nystagmus, incoordination, decreased mandibular tone, and spasticity of the pelvic limbs. Macroscopic examination of the nasal cavity showed a blackish-red, irregular, friable mass that bilaterally compromised the nasal septum and the rostral portion of the nasal turbinates. In the brain, there was diffuse thickening of the leptomeninges of the cerebellum and ventral portion of the brainstem characterized by yellowish, granular material associated with vessel hyperemia. On the floor of the fourth ventricle, there was deposition of yellowish, irregular, slightly granular material that protruded towards the obex and displaced the cerebellum dorsolaterally. Microscopically, there were pyogranulomatous, eosinophilic, necrotizing rhinitis and fibrinosuppurative, eosinophilic, necrotizing meningoencephalitis, both associated with thrombosis, vasculitis, and intralesional hyphae. The hyphae were impregnated with silver and presented thin, parallel walls, rarely septate and branched. At immunohistochemistry, the hyphae were immunostained with polyclonal anti-P. insidiosum antibody in fragments of the cerebellum and nasal cavity. The findings showed that P. insidiosum rhinitis can secondarily affect the nervous system of sheep, causing nonspecific neurological clinical signs.

Relata-se um caso de meningoencefalite por Pythium insidiosum secundária a rinite em uma ovelha mestiça, três anos de idade, proveniente de um rebanho de 15 animais, criados extensivamente e com acesso livre a açude. O animal apresentava dispneia leve, cegueira, midríase, opistótono, nistagmo, incoordenação, diminuição do tônus mandibular e espasticidade dos membros pélvicos. O exame macroscópico da cavidade nasal evidenciou uma massa vermelho-escura, irregular, friável, que comprometia bilateralmente o septo nasal e a porção rostral dos cornetos nasais. No encéfalo, havia espessamento difuso das leptomeninges do cerebelo e porção ventral do tronco encefálico caracterizado por material granular amarelado associado à hiperemia dos vasos. No assoalho do quarto ventrículo, havia deposição de material amarelado, irregular, levemente granuloso, que se projetava em direção ao óbex e deslocava o cerebelo dorsolateralmente. Microscopicamente, havia rinite piogranulomatosa, eosinofílica, necrosante e meningoencefalite fibrinossupurativa, eosinofílica, necrosante, ambas associadas à trombose, vasculite e hifas intralesionais. Pela utilização da técnica de GMS as hifas foram impregnadas pela prata e apresentavam paredes finas e paralelas, raramente septadas e ramificadas. Na imuno-histoquímica, houve imunomarcação com o anticorpo policlonal anti-P. insidiosum em fragmentos do cerebelo e cavidade nasal. Os achados evidenciaram que rinite por P. insidiosum pode afetar secundariamente o sistema nervoso de ovinos, causando sinais clínicos neurológicos inespecíficos.

Meningoencephalitis secondary to rhinitis caused by Pythium insidiosum in sheep / Meningoencefalite secundária a rinite por Pythium insidiosum em um ovino

ABSTRACT: A case of meningoencephalitis caused by Pythium insidiosum secondary to rhinitis is reported in a three-year-old crossbred sheep from a herd of 15 animals, raised extensively and with free access to a weir. The animal presented mild dyspnea, blindness, mydriasis, opisthotonos, nystagmus, incoordination, decreased mandibular tone, and spasticity of the pelvic limbs. Macroscopic examination of the nasal cavity showed a blackish-red, irregular, friable mass that bilaterally compromised the nasal septum and the rostral portion of the nasal turbinates. In the brain, there was diffuse thickening of the leptomeninges of the cerebellum and ventral portion of the brainstem characterized by yellowish, granular material associated with vessel hyperemia. On the floor of the fourth ventricle, there was deposition of yellowish, irregular, slightly granular material that protruded towards the obex and displaced the cerebellum dorsolaterally. Microscopically, there were pyogranulomatous, eosinophilic, necrotizing rhinitis and fibrinosuppurative, eosinophilic, necrotizing meningoencephalitis, both associated with thrombosis, vasculitis, and intralesional hyphae. The hyphae were impregnated with silver and presented thin, parallel walls, rarely septate and branched. At immunohistochemistry, the hyphae were immunostained with polyclonal anti-P. insidiosum antibody in fragments of the cerebellum and nasal cavity. The findings showed that P. insidiosum rhinitis can secondarily affect the nervous system of sheep, causing nonspecific neurological clinical signs.

RESUMO: Relata-se um caso de meningoencefalite por Pythium insidiosum secundária a rinite em uma ovelha mestiça, três anos de idade, proveniente de um rebanho de 15 animais, criados extensivamente e com acesso livre a açude. O animal apresentava dispneia leve, cegueira, midríase, opistótono, nistagmo, incoordenação, diminuição do tônus mandibular e espasticidade dos membros pélvicos. O exame macroscópico da cavidade nasal evidenciou uma massa vermelho-escura, irregular, friável, que comprometia bilateralmente o septo nasal e a porção rostral dos cornetos nasais. No encéfalo, havia espessamento difuso das leptomeninges do cerebelo e porção ventral do tronco encefálico caracterizado por material granular amarelado associado à hiperemia dos vasos. No assoalho do quarto ventrículo, havia deposição de material amarelado, irregular, levemente granuloso, que se projetava em direção ao óbex e deslocava o cerebelo dorsolateralmente. Microscopicamente, havia rinite piogranulomatosa, eosinofílica, necrosante e meningoencefalite fibrinossupurativa, eosinofílica, necrosante, ambas associadas à trombose, vasculite e hifas intralesionais. Pela utilização da técnica de GMS as hifas foram impregnadas pela prata e apresentavam paredes finas e paralelas, raramente septadas e ramificadas. Na imuno-histoquímica, houve imunomarcação com o anticorpo policlonal anti-P. insidiosum em fragmentos do cerebelo e cavidade nasal. Os achados evidenciaram que rinite por P. insidiosum pode afetar secundariamente o sistema nervoso de ovinos, causando sinais clínicos neurológicos inespecíficos.

Mastite por Pythium insidiosum em éguas / Mastitis by Pythium insidiosum in mares

Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease hasbeen reported in several species, but most cases occur in horses. In this species, the cutaneous form is more prevalent,with occasional involvement of adjacent lymph nodes and bone tissue. The involvement of the mammary glands was notproperly characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe cases of pythiosis with the involvement of the mammary glands in mares.Case: A retrospective study of all biopsy samples and necropsy examinations of horses, performed at the Animal PathologyLaboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande from January 2000 to December 2018, was carried out. During thestudy period, 142 cases of cutaneous pythiosis were identified. Of these, in three the lesions extended to the mammary glands.Mares with 3-, 7- and 12-year-old, mongrel, from the backlands of the Paraiba were affected. On physical examination, themares presented swollen mammary glands and multifocal wounds, which discharge serosanguinolent secretion. Clinicalevolution ranged from 15 to 30 days. The animals had been medicated, but the wounds did not heal and mastectomies wereperformed. Macroscopically, the mammary glands were enlarged and with multifocal areas of ulceration measuring 1 to 3.5cm in diameter. At the cut surface, they exhibited fistulous tracts containing kunkers. In the histopathological evaluation,was observed diffuse and marked inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils extending through the deep dermis and interlobularmammary stroma; and multifocal areas, sometimes focally extensive, of eosinophilic necrosis with intralesional negativeimages of hyphae. In histological sections stained by periodic acid-Schiff, the walls of the hyphae were weakly stained inblue; but when impregnated by Grocott methenamine silver, they were strongly marked in black...(AU)

Mastite por Pythium insidiosum em éguas / Mastitis by Pythium insidiosum in mares

Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease hasbeen reported in several species, but most cases occur in horses. In this species, the cutaneous form is more prevalent,with occasional involvement of adjacent lymph nodes and bone tissue. The involvement of the mammary glands was notproperly characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe cases of pythiosis with the involvement of the mammary glands in mares.Case: A retrospective study of all biopsy samples and necropsy examinations of horses, performed at the Animal PathologyLaboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande from January 2000 to December 2018, was carried out. During thestudy period, 142 cases of cutaneous pythiosis were identified. Of these, in three the lesions extended to the mammary glands.Mares with 3-, 7- and 12-year-old, mongrel, from the backlands of the Paraiba were affected. On physical examination, themares presented swollen mammary glands and multifocal wounds, which discharge serosanguinolent secretion. Clinicalevolution ranged from 15 to 30 days. The animals had been medicated, but the wounds did not heal and mastectomies wereperformed. Macroscopically, the mammary glands were enlarged and with multifocal areas of ulceration measuring 1 to 3.5cm in diameter. At the cut surface, they exhibited fistulous tracts containing kunkers. In the histopathological evaluation,was observed diffuse and marked inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils extending through the deep dermis and interlobularmammary stroma; and multifocal areas, sometimes focally extensive, of eosinophilic necrosis with intralesional negativeimages of hyphae. In histological sections stained by periodic acid-Schiff, the walls of the hyphae were weakly stained inblue; but when impregnated by Grocott methenamine silver, they were strongly marked in black...

Megaesophagus in sheep and goats / Megaesôfago em ovinos e caprinos

ABSTRACT: Megaesophagus is a rare disease in ruminants characterized by regurgitation of rumen contents. In this paper it was described cases of megaesophagus in two sheep and two goats on a farm in the state of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. All animals showed regurgitation of rumen contents and weight loss, with a clinical course of several months. At necropsy all animals presented megaesophagus. Histological examination showed segmental muscle necrosis in the esophagus and skeletal muscles. Serum samples from one sheep and one goat were negative for the presence of blue tongue antibodies by ELISA, and whole blood and muscle samples from one goat were negative for this virus by RT PCR. Epidemiological data and pathology suggested that the disease could have been caused by some toxic plant, but known plants causing segmental muscle necrosis were not observed in the areas where the disease occurred.

RESUMO: Megaesôfago é uma enfermidade rara em ruminantes caracterizada por regurgitação do conteúdo ruminal. Neste trabalho, descrevem-se casos de megaesôfago em dois ovinos e dois caprinos no Estado da Paraíba. Todos os animais apresentaram regurgitação do conteúdo ruminal e emagrecimento, com evolução de vários meses. Nas necropsias dos animais, observou-se dilatação esofágica e, em exames histológicos, necrose muscular segmentar no esôfago e músculos esqueléticos. Não foram encontrados anticorpos para o vírus da língua azul nos soros de um ovino e um caprino pela técnica de ELISA. Sangue total e músculo de um caprino resultaram negativos para esse vírus por RT PCR. Sugere-se que a doença seja causada por alguma planta tóxica, mas não foram encontradas plantas conhecidas por causarem necrose segmentar muscular nos piquetes onde ocorreu a doença.

Megaesophagus in sheep and goats / Megaesôfago em ovinos e caprinos

Megaesophagus is a rare disease in ruminants characterized by regurgitation of rumen contents. In this paper it was described cases of megaesophagus in two sheep and two goats on a farm in the state of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. All animals showed regurgitation of rumen contents and weight loss, with a clinical course of several months. At necropsy all animals presented megaesophagus. Histological examination showed segmental muscle necrosis in the esophagus and skeletal muscles. Serum samples from one sheep and one goat were negative for the presence of blue tongue antibodies by ELISA, and whole blood and muscle samples from one goat were negative for this virus by RT PCR. Epidemiological data and pathology suggested that the disease could have been caused by some toxic plant, but known plants causing segmental muscle necrosis were not observed in the areas where the disease occurred.(AU)

Megaesôfago é uma enfermidade rara em ruminantes caracterizada por regurgitação do conteúdo ruminal. Neste trabalho, descrevem-se casos de megaesôfago em dois ovinos e dois caprinos no Estado da Paraíba. Todos os animais apresentaram regurgitação do conteúdo ruminal e emagrecimento, com evolução de vários meses. Nas necropsias dos animais, observou-se dilatação esofágica e, em exames histológicos, necrose muscular segmentar no esôfago e músculos esqueléticos. Não foram encontrados anticorpos para o vírus da língua azul nos soros de um ovino e um caprino pela técnica de ELISA. Sangue total e músculo de um caprino resultaram negativos para esse vírus por RT PCR. Sugere-se que a doença seja causada por alguma planta tóxica, mas não foram encontradas plantas conhecidas por causarem necrose segmentar muscular nos piquetes onde ocorreu a doença.(AU)

Systemic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dog

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen frequently associated with nosocomial infections affecting mainly immunosuppressed patients. In Veterinary Medicine, infections caused by P. aeruginosa are becoming increasingly frequent; infections are related to intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms, which limit the choice of effective agents. Case: This study describes the case of a four-month-old male Pitt Bull dog treated at the Small Animal Internal Medicine service of the Veterinary Hospital at the Health and Rural Technology Center of Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos/Paraíba. The patient presented with apathy, inappetence, moderate dehydration, tachypnea, tachycardia, hyperthermia, pale mucosae, small lesions in the pelvic limbs, with edema and subsequent widespread petechiae. Treatment with intravenous fluid therapy using 0.9% NaCl with B-complex vitamins, and 20 mg/kg cephalexin every 12 h was established. The patient did not respond well to treatment, and died two days later. Necropsy was performed at the Veterinary Pathology sector of the Hospital and histopathological findings revealed focally extensive areas of necrosis associated to myriads of bacteria and mild mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the liver, heart and kidneys. Secretions and organ fragments were submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory of the same institution, which [...]

Systemic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dog

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen frequently associated with nosocomial infections affecting mainly immunosuppressed patients. In Veterinary Medicine, infections caused by P. aeruginosa are becoming increasingly frequent; infections are related to intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms, which limit the choice of effective agents. Case: This study describes the case of a four-month-old male Pitt Bull dog treated at the Small Animal Internal Medicine service of the Veterinary Hospital at the Health and Rural Technology Center of Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos/Paraíba. The patient presented with apathy, inappetence, moderate dehydration, tachypnea, tachycardia, hyperthermia, pale mucosae, small lesions in the pelvic limbs, with edema and subsequent widespread petechiae. Treatment with intravenous fluid therapy using 0.9% NaCl with B-complex vitamins, and 20 mg/kg cephalexin every 12 h was established. The patient did not respond well to treatment, and died two days later. Necropsy was performed at the Veterinary Pathology sector of the Hospital and histopathological findings revealed focally extensive areas of necrosis associated to myriads of bacteria and mild mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the liver, heart and kidneys. Secretions and organ fragments were submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory of the same institution, which [...](AU)

Surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras no semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil / Histomoniasis outbreak in free-range chickens in semiarid Paraíba, Brazil

Descreve-se um surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras (Gallus gallus domesticus) na região semiárida da Paraíba. A doença ocorreu em pintos de aproximadamente 48 dias de idade durante um período de 15 dias. De um total de 16 pintos, sete apresentaram fezes amareladas liquefeitas, anorexia, letargia e morreram com 3 a 5 dias de evolução clínica. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 43,7%. Os pintos eram criados soltos em quintal de chão batido com outras 12 aves adultas que não adoeceram. Não eram vacinados e nem vermifugados. Na necropsia de uma ave as lesões eram restritas ao ceco e ao fígado. O ceco esquerdo estava distendido e na serosa havia áreas amareladas e discretamente elevadas. No fígado havia áreas avermelhadas e deprimidas centralmente, circundadas por halo pálido, distribuídas na superfície capsular e ao corte por todo o parênquima. Microscopicamente verificou-se tiflite e hepatite piogranulomatosa necrosante associada a miríades de Histomonas intralesionais. O tratamento das aves com metronidazol e albendazol foi eficaz no controle da histomoníase. Apesar de ser uma doença rara em frangos caipiras, ela pode ocorrer causando elevada taxa de mortalidade e perdas econômicas significativas.(AU)

We describe an outbreak of histomoniasis in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Juvenile chickens aged approximately 48 days showed disease over a 15-day period. Seven of 16 chickens showed yellow, watery stool, anorexia, lethargy, and death within 3-5 days of clinical illness. The mortality rate was 43.7%. The chickens were raised in a backyard with 12 adult birds that remained healthy. None of the chickens were vaccinated or dewormed. A necropsy on one deceased bird showed lesions confined to the cecum and liver. The left cecum was distended and had yellow, slightly elevated areas on the serosa. The liver was reddened with centrally depressed areas surrounded by a pale halo, which were distributed throughout the capsular surface and extended deep throughout the parenchyma. Microscopically, typhlitis and pyogranulomatous necrotizing hepatitis associated with numerous intralesional Histomonas trophozoites was observed. The birds were administered metronidazole and albendazole, which effectively controlled the histomoniasis. Although histomoniasis is rare in free-range poultry, it can occur and cause high mortality and significant economic losses.(AU)

Surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras no semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil / Histomoniasis outbreak in free-range chickens in semiarid Paraíba, Brazil

Descreve-se um surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras (Gallus gallus domesticus) na região semiárida da Paraíba. A doença ocorreu em pintos de aproximadamente 48 dias de idade durante um período de 15 dias. De um total de 16 pintos, sete apresentaram fezes amareladas liquefeitas, anorexia, letargia e morreram com 3 a 5 dias de evolução clínica. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 43,7%. Os pintos eram criados soltos em quintal de chão batido com outras 12 aves adultas que não adoeceram. Não eram vacinados e nem vermifugados. Na necropsia de uma ave as lesões eram restritas ao ceco e ao fígado. O ceco esquerdo estava distendido e na serosa havia áreas amareladas e discretamente elevadas. No fígado havia áreas avermelhadas e deprimidas centralmente, circundadas por halo pálido, distribuídas na superfície capsular e ao corte por todo o parênquima. Microscopicamente verificou-se tiflite e hepatite piogranulomatosa necrosante associada a miríades de Histomonas intralesionais. O tratamento das aves com metronidazol e albendazol foi eficaz no controle da histomoníase. Apesar de ser uma doença rara em frangos caipiras, ela pode ocorrer causando elevada taxa de mortalidade e perdas econômicas significativas.

We describe an outbreak of histomoniasis in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Juvenile chickens aged approximately 48 days showed disease over a 15-day period. Seven of 16 chickens showed yellow, watery stool, anorexia, lethargy, and death within 3-5 days of clinical illness. The mortality rate was 43.7%. The chickens were raised in a backyard with 12 adult birds that remained healthy. None of the chickens were vaccinated or dewormed. A necropsy on one deceased bird showed lesions confined to the cecum and liver. The left cecum was distended and had yellow, slightly elevated areas on the serosa. The liver was reddened with centrally depressed areas surrounded by a pale halo, which were distributed throughout the capsular surface and extended deep throughout the parenchyma. Microscopically, typhlitis and pyogranulomatous necrotizing hepatitis associated with numerous intralesional Histomonas trophozoites was observed. The birds were administered metronidazole and albendazole, which effectively controlled the histomoniasis. Although histomoniasis is rare in free-range poultry, it can occur and cause high mortality and significant economic losses.  

Surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras no semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil / Histomoniasis outbreak in free-range chickens in semiarid Paraíba, Brazil

Descreve-se um surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras (Gallus gallus domesticus) na região semiárida da Paraíba. A doença ocorreu em pintos de aproximadamente 48 dias de idade durante um período de 15 dias. De um total de 16 pintos, sete apresentaram fezes amareladas liquefeitas, anorexia, letargia e morreram com 3 a 5 dias de evolução clínica. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 43,7%. Os pintos eram criados soltos em quintal de chão batido com outras 12 aves adultas que não adoeceram. Não eram vacinados e nem vermifugados. Na necropsia de uma ave as lesões eram restritas ao ceco e ao fígado. O ceco esquerdo estava distendido e na serosa havia áreas amareladas e discretamente elevadas. No fígado havia áreas avermelhadas e deprimidas centralmente, circundadas por halo pálido, distribuídas na superfície capsular e ao corte por todo o parênquima. Microscopicamente verificou-se tiflite e hepatite piogranulomatosa necrosante associada a miríades de Histomonas intralesionais. O tratamento das aves com metronidazol e albendazol foi eficaz no controle da histomoníase. Apesar de ser uma doença rara em frangos caipiras, ela pode ocorrer causando elevada taxa de mortalidade e perdas econômicas significativas.

We describe an outbreak of histomoniasis in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Juvenile chickens aged approximately 48 days showed disease over a 15-day period. Seven of 16 chickens showed yellow, watery stool, anorexia, lethargy, and death within 3-5 days of clinical illness. The mortality rate was 43.7%. The chickens were raised in a backyard with 12 adult birds that remained healthy. None of the chickens were vaccinated or dewormed. A necropsy on one deceased bird showed lesions confined to the cecum and liver. The left cecum was distended and had yellow, slightly elevated areas on the serosa. The liver was reddened with centrally depressed areas surrounded by a pale halo, which were distributed throughout the capsular surface and extended deep throughout the parenchyma. Microscopically, typhlitis and pyogranulomatous necrotizing hepatitis associated with numerous intralesional Histomonas trophozoites was observed. The birds were administered metronidazole and albendazole, which effectively controlled the histomoniasis. Although histomoniasis is rare in free-range poultry, it can occur and cause high mortality and significant economic losses.  

Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characterization of toxoplasmosis in dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil / Caracterização clínica, patológica e imuno-histoquímica da toxoplasmose em cães com cinomose no semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characteristics of five cases of toxoplasmosis, an infection often associated with distemper in dogs. From January 2000 to December 2012, a retrospective study was performed analyzed dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba. We evaluated this sample to focus on individuals who presented with concomitant structures in protozoa characteristics, and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests using polyclonal anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody. In all cases, the clinical signs were similar including digestive changes, as well as respiratory, neurological, and ocular lesions, suggesting an infection of canine distemper virus. The diagnosis of distemper was confirmed on histopathological analysis depending on the presence of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in different tissues. Histopathological examination also revealed the characteristic presence of parasitic cysts T. gondii in the brain in four cases, and in the lung in one case. The brain cysts were associated with multifocal areas of malacia and lung there was alveolar septa thickening due to infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, with moderate proliferation of type II pneumocytes and coalescing multifocal areas of necrosis. These cysts are characterized by round and strongly basophilic structures, measuring approximately 5 to 70 μm, delimited by thin wall, stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunomarked as brown by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the chromogen DAB. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis associated with infection by canine distemper virus in the five case studied was based on microscopic findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Toxoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of dogs with severe progressive systemic signs, especially when respiratory and neurological involvement is suspected.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho descrever as características clínicas, patológicas e imuno-histoquímica de cinco casos de toxoplasmose associados à cinomose em cães no semiárido da Paraíba. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo durante o período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2012, sendo identificados e selecionados os casos de cães com cinomose. Destes, foram avaliados os que apresentavam concomitantemente estruturas características de protozoários e realizada a imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) com anticorpo policlonal anti-Toxoplasma gondii. Em todos os casos os sinais clínicos foram semelhantes e sugestivos de infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina, variando de alterações digestivas, respiratórias, neurológicas e lesões oculares. O diagnóstico de cinomose foi confirmado na histopatologia através da presença de corpúsculos de inclusões virais eosinofílicos intranucleares e intracitoplasmáticos em diferentes tecidos. O exame histopatológico revelou ainda a presença dos cistos parasitários característicos de T. gondii no encéfalo em quatro casos e no pulmão em um caso. No encéfalo os cistos estavam associados a áreas multifocais de malacia e no pulmão havia espessamento dos septos alveolares por infiltrado de macrófagos, plasmócitos e linfócitos, com proliferação moderada de pneumócitos tipo II e áreas multifocais a coalescentes de necrose. Esses cistos caracterizaram-se por estruturas arredondadas fortemente basofílicas medindo aproximadamente de 5 a 70 μm, delimitadas por uma fina parede pela hematoxilina e eosina e na IHQ foram fortemente imunomarcados em marrom para T. gondii. O diagnóstico de toxoplasmose associado à infecção pelo vírus da cinomose nos cinco casos estudados foi baseado nos achados microscópicos e confirmado através da imuno-histoquímica. A toxoplasmose deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de cães com sinais sistêmicos progressivos severos, principalmente quando há envolvimento respiratório e neurológico.(AU)

Surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras no semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil / Histomoniasis outbreak in free-range chickens in semiarid Paraíba, Brazil

Descreve-se um surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras (Gallus gallus domesticus) na região semiárida da Paraíba. A doença ocorreu em pintos de aproximadamente 48 dias de idade durante um período de 15 dias. De um total de 16 pintos, sete apresentaram fezes amareladas liquefeitas, anorexia, letargia e morreram com 3 a 5 dias de evolução clínica. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 43,7%. Os pintos eram criados soltos em quintal de chão batido com outras 12 aves adultas que não adoeceram. Não eram vacinados e nem vermifugados. Na necropsia de uma ave as lesões eram restritas ao ceco e ao fígado. O ceco esquerdo estava distendido e na serosa havia áreas amareladas e discretamente elevadas. No fígado havia áreas avermelhadas e deprimidas centralmente, circundadas por halo pálido, distribuídas na superfície capsular e ao corte por todo o parênquima. Microscopicamente verificou-se tiflite e hepatite piogranulomatosa necrosante associada a miríades de Histomonas intralesionais. O tratamento das aves com metronidazol e albendazol foi eficaz no controle da histomoníase. Apesar de ser uma doença rara em frangos caipiras, ela pode ocorrer causando elevada taxa de mortalidade e perdas econômicas significativas.

We describe an outbreak of histomoniasis in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Juvenile chickens aged approximately 48 days showed disease over a 15-day period. Seven of 16 chickens showed yellow, watery stool, anorexia, lethargy, and death within 3-5 days of clinical illness. The mortality rate was 43.7%. The chickens were raised in a backyard with 12 adult birds that remained healthy. None of the chickens were vaccinated or dewormed. A necropsy on one deceased bird showed lesions confined to the cecum and liver. The left cecum was distended and had yellow, slightly elevated areas on the serosa. The liver was reddened with centrally depressed areas surrounded by a pale halo, which were distributed throughout the capsular surface and extended deep throughout the parenchyma. Microscopically, typhlitis and pyogranulomatous necrotizing hepatitis associated with numerous intralesional Histomonas trophozoites was observed. The birds were administered metronidazole and albendazole, which effectively controlled the histomoniasis. Although histomoniasis is rare in free-range poultry, it can occur and cause high mortality and significant economic losses.

Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characterization of toxoplasmosis in dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil / Caracterização clínica, patológica e imuno-histoquímica da toxoplasmose em cães com cinomose no semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characteristics of five cases of toxoplasmosis, an infection often associated with distemper in dogs. From January 2000 to December 2012, a retrospective study was performed analyzed dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba. We evaluated this sample to focus on individuals who presented with concomitant structures in protozoa characteristics, and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests using polyclonal anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody. In all cases, the clinical signs were similar including digestive changes, as well as respiratory, neurological, and ocular lesions, suggesting an infection of canine distemper virus. The diagnosis of distemper was confirmed on histopathological analysis depending on the presence of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in different tissues. Histopathological examination also revealed the characteristic presence of parasitic cysts T. gondii in the brain in four cases, and in the lung in one case. The brain cysts were associated with multifocal areas of malacia and lung there was alveolar septa thickening due to infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, with moderate proliferation of type II pneumocytes and coalescing multifocal areas of necrosis. These cysts are characterized by round and strongly basophilic structures, measuring approximately 5 to 70 μm, delimited by thin wall, stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunomarked as brown by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the chromogen DAB. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis associated with infection by canine distemper virus in the five case studied was based on microscopic findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Toxoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of dogs with severe progressive systemic signs, especially when respiratory and neurological involvement is suspected.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho descrever as características clínicas, patológicas e imuno-histoquímica de cinco casos de toxoplasmose associados à cinomose em cães no semiárido da Paraíba. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo durante o período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2012, sendo identificados e selecionados os casos de cães com cinomose. Destes, foram avaliados os que apresentavam concomitantemente estruturas características de protozoários e realizada a imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) com anticorpo policlonal anti-Toxoplasma gondii. Em todos os casos os sinais clínicos foram semelhantes e sugestivos de infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina, variando de alterações digestivas, respiratórias, neurológicas e lesões oculares. O diagnóstico de cinomose foi confirmado na histopatologia através da presença de corpúsculos de inclusões virais eosinofílicos intranucleares e intracitoplasmáticos em diferentes tecidos. O exame histopatológico revelou ainda a presença dos cistos parasitários característicos de T. gondii no encéfalo em quatro casos e no pulmão em um caso. No encéfalo os cistos estavam associados a áreas multifocais de malacia e no pulmão havia espessamento dos septos alveolares por infiltrado de macrófagos, plasmócitos e linfócitos, com proliferação moderada de pneumócitos tipo II e áreas multifocais a coalescentes de necrose. Esses cistos caracterizaram-se por estruturas arredondadas fortemente basofílicas medindo aproximadamente de 5 a 70 μm, delimitadas por uma fina parede pela hematoxilina e eosina e na IHQ foram fortemente imunomarcados em marrom para T. gondii. O diagnóstico de toxoplasmose associado à infecção pelo vírus da cinomose nos cinco casos estudados foi baseado nos achados microscópicos e confirmado através da imuno-histoquímica. A toxoplasmose deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de cães com sinais sistêmicos progressivos severos, principalmente quando há envolvimento respiratório e neurológico.

Infecção disseminada por Chlorella sp. em um ovino / Disseminated infection by Chlorella sp. in a sheep

Descreve-se um caso de infecção disseminada por Chlorella sp. em um ovino, na região semiárida da Paraíba, Brasil. O animal apresentou emagrecimento e aumento de volume abdominal há um mês. Na necropsia, foram observados nódulos esverdeados em fígado, pulmões, intestino e linfonodos. Histologicamente, os nódulos correspondiam a piogranulomas com miríades de algas intralesionais. Provavelmente, a infecção tenha ocorrido em consequência do consumo de água estagnada ou capim que tinha sido cortado em uma área irrigada, que são condições frequentes no período da seca na região semiárida.

A case of disseminated infection by Chlorella sp. is reported in a sheep in semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. The animal showed weight loss and abdominal distension. At necropsy greenish nodules were observed in liver, lung, intestine and lymph nodes. Histologically the nodules corresponded to pyogranulomas with myriad of intralesional algae. Probably the infection occurred as a result of the consumption of stagnant water or grass which had been cut in an irrigated area, conditions that are common in the dry season in the semiarid region.

Infecção disseminada por Chlorella sp. em um ovino / Disseminated infection by Chlorella sp. in a sheep

Descreve-se um caso de infecção disseminada por Chlorella sp. em um ovino, na região semiárida da Paraíba, Brasil. O animal apresentou emagrecimento e aumento de volume abdominal há um mês. Na necropsia, foram observados nódulos esverdeados em fígado, pulmões, intestino e linfonodos. Histologicamente, os nódulos correspondiam a piogranulomas com miríades de algas intralesionais. Provavelmente, a infecção tenha ocorrido em consequência do consumo de água estagnada ou capim que tinha sido cortado em uma área irrigada, que são condições frequentes no período da seca na região semiárida.(AU)

A case of disseminated infection by Chlorella sp. is reported in a sheep in semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. The animal showed weight loss and abdominal distension. At necropsy greenish nodules were observed in liver, lung, intestine and lymph nodes. Histologically the nodules corresponded to pyogranulomas with myriad of intralesional algae. Probably the infection occurred as a result of the consumption of stagnant water or grass which had been cut in an irrigated area, conditions that are common in the dry season in the semiarid region.(AU)

Duration of an induced resistance of sheep to acute poisoning by Crotalaria retusa seeds / Duração da resistência induzida por Crotalaria retusa em ovinos

The aim of this study was to determine the duration of the resistance after the end of the ingestion of non-toxic doses of Crotalaria retusa seeds. Ten sheep were divided into 3 groups of 3 animals each and a control group with 1 sheep. To induce resistance, sheep in groups 1, 2 and 3 received 20 daily doses of 2g kg-1 of C. retusa seeds, followed by 7 daily doses of 4g kg-1. To determine the duration of resistance the sheep in groups 1, 2 and 3 were challenged orally, 3, 7 and 15 days, respectively, after receiving the last dose of 4g kg-1, with a single dose of 5g kg-1. Sheep of groups 1 and 2 did not develop overt signs of poisoning. Two sheep of group 3, challenged 15 days after the end of the resistance induction period, showed signs of acute poisoning and died. These results suggest that the induced resistance of sheep to acute poisoning by C. retusa seeds is of short duration, from 7 to 15 days.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a duração da resistência após a ingestão de doses não tóxicas de sementes de Crotalaria retusa. Dez ovinos foram divididos em três grupos com três animais cada e um grupo controle com um ovino. Para induzir resistência, ovinos dos grupos 1, 2 e 3 receberam 20 doses diárias de 2g kg-1 de sementes de Crotalaria retusa, seguidos de sete doses de 4g kg-1 durante 7 dias. Para determinar a duração da resistência, ovinos dos grupos 1, 2 e 3 foram desafiados oralmente, 3, 7 e 15 dias, respectivamente, após receberem a última dose de 4g kg-1, com uma dose única de 5g kg-1. Ovinos dos grupos 1 e 2 não desenvolveram sinais de intoxicação. Dois ovinos do grupo 3, desafiados 15 dias após o período de indução de resistência, apresentaram sinais de intoxicação aguda e morreram. Estes resultados sugerem que a resistência induzida de ovinos à intoxicação aguda por sementes de C. retusa é de curta duração, de 7 a 15 dias.

Duration of an induced resistance of sheep to acute poisoning by Crotalaria retusa seeds / Duração da resistência induzida por Crotalaria retusa em ovinos

The aim of this study was to determine the duration of the resistance after the end of the ingestion of non-toxic doses of Crotalaria retusa seeds. Ten sheep were divided into 3 groups of 3 animals each and a control group with 1 sheep. To induce resistance, sheep in groups 1, 2 and 3 received 20 daily doses of 2g kg-1 of C. retusa seeds, followed by 7 daily doses of 4g kg-1. To determine the duration of resistance the sheep in groups 1, 2 and 3 were challenged orally, 3, 7 and 15 days, respectively, after receiving the last dose of 4g kg-1, with a single dose of 5g kg-1. Sheep of groups 1 and 2 did not develop overt signs of poisoning. Two sheep of group 3, challenged 15 days after the end of the resistance induction period, showed signs of acute poisoning and died. These results suggest that the induced resistance of sheep to acute poisoning by C. retusa seeds is of short duration, from 7 to 15 days.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a duração da resistência após a ingestão de doses não tóxicas de sementes de Crotalaria retusa. Dez ovinos foram divididos em três grupos com três animais cada e um grupo controle com um ovino. Para induzir resistência, ovinos dos grupos 1, 2 e 3 receberam 20 doses diárias de 2g kg-1 de sementes de Crotalaria retusa, seguidos de sete doses de 4g kg-1 durante 7 dias. Para determinar a duração da resistência, ovinos dos grupos 1, 2 e 3 foram desafiados oralmente, 3, 7 e 15 dias, respectivamente, após receberem a última dose de 4g kg-1, com uma dose única de 5g kg-1. Ovinos dos grupos 1 e 2 não desenvolveram sinais de intoxicação. Dois ovinos do grupo 3, desafiados 15 dias após o período de indução de resistência, apresentaram sinais de intoxicação aguda e morreram. Estes resultados sugerem que a resistência induzida de ovinos à intoxicação aguda por sementes de C. retusa é de curta duração, de 7 a 15 dias.(AU)

Carcinoma bronquíolo-alveolar difuso em um cão: aspectos clínico-patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos / Diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in a dog: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings

Um cão Poodle, 12 anos de idade, demonstrou marcada dispneia. Na radiografia, havia comprometimento difuso do pulmão e foi feito diagnóstico de pneumonia intersticial. Na necropsia, o pulmão continha múltiplos e pequenos nódulos coalescentes. Histologicamente, os nódulos eram compostos por células epiteliais cuboides ou colunares baixas atípicas, que eram PAS-negativa. A avaliação imuno-histoquímica revelou positividade para citoceratina, fator 1 de transcrição da tireoide (TTF-1) e apoproteína A surfactante (SP-A). O tumor foi negativo para vimentina e cromogranina A. As áreas necróticas não marcaram para TTF-1 e SP-A. Com base nos achados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos, foi realizado o diagnóstico de carcinoma bronquíolo-alveolar não mucinoso com envolvimento difuso do pulmão. Essa é uma forma rara de apresentação desse tumor que pode mimetizar pneumonia na avaliação clínica e radiográfica. O diagnóstico definitivo é baseado na histopatologia e imuno-histoquímica.

A 12-year-old poodle dog was presented with a history of severe dyspnea. Radiology revealed diffuse pulmonary lesion which was diagnosed as interstitial pneumonia. At necropsy there were multiple small coalescent nodules distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. Histologically the nodules consisted of cubic to low columnar atypical epithelial cells which were PAS-negatives. In the immunohistochemistry reaction this cells were marked for cytokeratin, TTF (thyroid transcription factor)-1 and surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A). The neoplastic cells were negative for vimentin and cromagranine A. The necrotic areas were not marked for TTF-1 and SP-A. Based of the histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings a diagnosis of non-mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with diffuse involvement of the lung was made. This is a rare form of presentation for this tumor, and it can mimetize pneumonia on clinical and morphological examination. A definitive diagnosis for this condition should be based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.