Experimental composites containing quaternary ammonium methacrylates reduce demineralization at enamel-restoration margins after cariogenic challenge.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of experimental composites containing quaternary ammonium monomers (QAM) at different concentrations and alkyl chains on demineralization at enamel-composite margins after cariogenic challenge. METHODS: Standardized 4×4mm cavities were cut into 35 bovine enamel blocks, which were randomly divided into seven groups (n=5) and restored with the following experimental composites and commercial materials: (G12.5) - 5% dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with a 12-carbon alkyl chain (G12.10) - 10% DMADDM, (G16.5) - 5% dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) with a 16-carbon alkyl chain (G16.10) - 10% DMAHDM, (CG) - control group (without QAM), (GZ250) - commercial composite (Filtek Z250®), and (GIC) - glass ionomer cement (Maxxion R®). After restorative procedures, initial microhardness was measured and experimental composites were subjected to Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation for 48h. After cariogenic challenge, the samples were washed and microhardness was reassessed. A 3D non-contact profilometer was used to determine surface roughness and enamel demineralization was assessed by micro-CT. Microhardness results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and micro-CT results were analyzed by Tukey's HSD test (95% confidence interval). RESULTS: None of the materials could prevent mineral loss at the enamel-restoration margins. The addition of 10% DMAHDM yielded the lowest, albeit statistically significant, mineral loss (p<0.05). 3D non-contact profilometry showed enamel surface roughness modification after biofilm exposure. The CG had the highest roughness values. Micro-CT analysis revealed mineral loss, except for GIC. SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of 10% QAM with a 16-carbon chain in experimental composites reduced mineral loss at the enamel-restoration margins after cariogenic challenge.

Surface microhardness of different restorative materials exposed to candida albicans biofilm isolated from the oral cavity of HIV-infected children

Introduction: Candida albicans is one of the microrganisms that most often colonizes the oral cavity of HIV-infected children. This fungus secretes organic acids, which decrease the pH of the oral cavity; an environment that is already particularly acidic in HIV-Infected children because of their hypercaloric diets, use of sugary medicines, and poor oral hygiene. Considering the large number of dental restorations and the high prevalence of caries in this population, these conditions, including the metabolism of C. Albicans , can potentially cause problems in terms of the surface of restorative materials. Objective : Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro , the potential of C. Albicans isolated from the dental biofilm of HIV-infected children to cause surface demineralization of the restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry. Material and method : Forty-four blocks of four different materials (2 resins, 1 compomer, and 1 glass ionomer cement) were made and separated into four groups (n = 11). All blocks were submitted to initial surface microhardness (ISM) analysis. Subsequently, each block was exposed to C. Albicans biofilm, formed from a 1 mL standard suspension containing 10 5 yeasts/mL, over seven days. The blocks were then cleaned and kept at 4 °C until being submitted for measurement of the final surface microhardness (FSM). The Mann-Whitney test was used for intragroup comparisons between ISM and FSM values. Results : The percentage of microhardness loss (% MHL) values between the four groups were compared using the Kruskall- Wallis test (95% CI). The ISM values ranged from 63.54 ± 11.41 to 77.92 ± 10.91, with no statistical differences being found (p = 0.76). After exposure to biofilm, no significant changes in surface microhardness were observed when comparing the values of ISM and FSM, except for group 3 (compomer Vitremer TM ), which had an FSM value of 40.45 ± 7.57 (p = 0.001). The % MHL of the compomer (group 3) was significantly higher (41.16%) than the other groups (5.35% group 1; 7.02% group 2; and 9.57% group 3) (p = 0.036). Conclusion : It can be concluded that, in vitro , C. albicans isolated from the dental biofilms of HIV-infected children can cause significant reduction in the surface microhardness of compomer compared with other materials.

Introdução: A Candida albicans é um dos microorganismos que mais frequentemente colonizam a cavidade bucal de crianças HIV+. Este fungo excreta ácidos, proporcionando uma diminuição do pH em um ambiente já altamente acidificado, como cavidade bucal dessas crianças devido sua dieta hipercalórica, uso de medicamentos açucarados e higiene oral deficiente. Considerando a elevada freqüência de restaurações dentárias em função da alta prevalência de cárie, todos esses fatores, incluindo o metabolismo da C. albicans, podem provocar alterações na superfície de materiais restauradores usados nesses pacientes. Objetivo : O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a ação da C. albicans, isolada de uma criança HIV+, sobre a superfície de materiais restauradores utlizados na prática odontopediátrica. Material e método : Confeccionou-se 44 blocos de diferentes materiais (2 resinas, 1 compômero e 1 cimento ionomérico de Vidro) separados em 4 grupos (n=11) Todos os blocos foram submetidos a microdureza superfícial inicial (MDI). Posteriormente, foram expostos ao biofilme de C. Albicans formado a partir de 1mL de uma suspensão padronizada contendo 10 5 cels/mL, durante 07 dias. Após, os blocos foram limpos e mantidos sob refrigeração (4ºC) e submetidos à mensuração da microdureza final (MDF). Foram utilizados o Teste de Mann-Whitney para comparação intra grupo entre os valores de MDI e MDF; os valores de perda percentual de microdureza (%PMD) foram comparados com o Teste de Kruskall-Wallis (95% IC). Resultados : Os valores de MDI variaram de 63,54±11,41 a 77,92±10,91, sem diferença entre os grupos (p=0,076). Após exposição ao biofilme, não foram observadas variações significativas na microdureza (MDI X MDF) exceto para o grupo 3 (compômero Vitremer TM ), cujo valor de MDF foi 40,45±7,57 (p=0,001) . O %PMD do compômero (grupo 3) foi significativamente maior (41,16%) que o dos outros materiais (5,35% grupo 1; 7,02% grupo 2; e 9,57% grupo 3) (p=0,036. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a C. Albicans isolada do biofilme dental de criança HIV+ pode causar, in vitro, diminuição significante na microdureza superficial do compômero em comparação aos demais.

Does flavoured dentifrice increase fluoride intake compared with regular toothpaste in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Toothpaste manufacturers encourage through aggressive marketing strategies the overconsumption of fluoridated dentifrices. There are conflicting results regarding fluoride intake from toothpastes in children. AIM: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether dentifrice flavour increases fluoride ingestion by children. DESIGN: We included clinical trials on children that evaluated the use of flavoured dentifrice - FD vs regular dentifrice - RD to identify the fluoride intake. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, LILACS/BBO, and grey literature followed by manual search. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration common scheme for bias and ROBINS-I tool. Data were analysed in subgroups such as low (G1) and ordinary (G2) fluoride concentrations of dentifrices. We carried out heterogeneity and sensitive analyses. RESULTS: For G1, the fluoride intake from RD was significantly higher than from FD [standardised mean difference = -2.57 (-3.26, -1.89), P < 0.00001]. For G2, the fluoride ingestion from RD was significantly higher than from FD [mean difference = -0.00 (-0.00, -0.00), P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to support the null hypothesis that flavouring from dentifrice does not increase fluoride intake in young children.

Homeopathic therapy for sleep bruxism in a child: Findings of a 2-year case report.

Bruxism is a sleep disorder characterized by grinding and biting teeth with multifactorial etiology, resulting in deleterious effects on teeth, periodontium, and temporomandibular joint. There is a lack of scientific evidence evaluating the effectiveness of medicines in treating this parafunction. The present case report was drafted under the rules of CARE checklist. An 8-year-old male patient with sleep bruxism and associated symptoms received a combined homeopathic therapy of Phytolacca decandra 12c and Melissa officinalis 12c for 2 months. After this period of combined homeopathic therapy, the bruxism and associated symptoms completely disappeared. After 2 years of clinical follow-ups, the patient had no recurrences. The use of homeopathic therapy was successful and should be seen as an alternative to treat sleep bruxism and its associated symptoms in children.

Período de amamentação, hábitos bucais deletérios e más-oclusões: existe uma relação / Period of breastfeeding, oral habits and malocclusion: is there a relationship

Objetivo: avaliar a frequência de má-oclusão em crianças, na faixa etária de seis a oito anos, verificando a sua relação com o tempo de amamentação e a presença dos hábitos orais deletérios. Material e Métodos: foi aplicado, aos cuidadores de crianças com faixa etária compreendida entre seis e oito anos de idade, um questionário que continha informações sobre os métodos e a duração da alimentação de lactentes, bem como a história do não nutritivo hábito de sucção. A avaliação se deu por duas etapas, sendo a primeira respondida pelos responsáveis por cada criança. A segunda etapa consistia em uma avaliação intraoral, por parte do dentista. As associações entre as variáveis de má-oclusão e hábitos bucais com o tempo de amamentação e hábitos bucais foram testadas por meio da técnica de regressão de Poisson. Foram calculados modelos robustos ajustados por sexo e idade para estimar as razões de prevalências (RP), com os seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: demonstraram que, mesmo apresentando alto índice de má-oclusão entre os avaliados, o tempo de amamentação não está relacionado à aquisição de hábitos deletérios e à instalação de má-oclusão. Conclusão: pôde-se concluir que a frequência de má-oclusão não está relacionada com o tempo de amamentação e a presença dos hábitos orais deletérios.

Objective: to evaluate the frequency of malocclusion in children aged six to eight years checking their relationship with the duration of breastfeeding and the presence of harmful oral habits. Materials and Methods: from possession of a questionnaire that contained information on the methods and duration of infant feeding, as well as the history of non-nutritive sucking habits were distributed to caregivers of children aged between six and eight years old. The evaluation was made in two stages the first being answered by those responsible for each child and the second stage consisted of an intra-oral assessment. The associations between the variables of malocclusion and oral habits with the duration of breastfeeding and oral habits were tested by means of Poisson regression technique. We calculated robust models adjusted for age and sex to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), with their respective confidence intervals (95%). Results: showed that even with a high rate of malocclusion among the evaluated, the feeding time is not related to the acquisition of deleterious habits and installation of malocclusion. Conclusions: it can be concluded that the presence of malocclusion is not related to breastfeeding duration and the presence of harmful oral habits.